1
|
Izu AE, Matxain JM, Casanova D. Reverse intersystem crossing mechanisms in doped triangulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11459-11468. [PMID: 38563957 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as one of the most promising strategies in the quest for organic light emitting diodes with optimal performance. This computational study dissects the mechanistic intricacies of the central photophysical step, reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in N and B doped triangulenes as potential multi-resonance TADF compounds. Optimal molecular patterns conducive to efficient rISC, encompassing dopant atom size, number, and distribution, are identified. Additionally, we assess various electronic structure methods for characterizing TADF-relevant molecular systems. The findings identify the distinct role of the direct and mediated mechanisms in rISC, and provide insights into the design of advanced TADF chromophores for next-generation OLED technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asier E Izu
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rana B, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Simulating the Excited-State Dynamics of Polaritons with Ab Initio Multiple Spawning. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:139-151. [PMID: 38110364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growth of interest in polaritonic chemistry, where the formation of hybrid light-matter states (polaritons) can alter the course of photochemical reactions. These hybrid states are created by strong coupling between molecules and photons in resonant optical cavities and can even occur in the absence of light when the molecule is strongly coupled with the electromagnetic fluctuations of the vacuum field. We present a first-principles model to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics of such polaritonic states inside optical cavities by leveraging graphical processing units (GPUs). Our first implementation of this model is specialized for a single molecule coupled to a single-photon mode confined inside the optical cavity but with any number of excited states computed using complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) and a Jaynes-Cummings-type Hamiltonian. Using this model, we have simulated the excited-state dynamics of a single salicylideneaniline (SA) molecule strongly coupled to a cavity photon with the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method. We demonstrate how the branching ratios of the photodeactivation pathways for this molecule can be manipulated by coupling to the cavity. We also show how one can stop the photoreaction from happening inside of an optical cavity. Finally, we also investigate cavity-based control of the ordering of two excited states (one optically bright and the other optically dark) inside a cavity for a set of molecules, where the dark and bright states are close in energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coe JP. Analytic Non-adiabatic Couplings for Selected Configuration Interaction via Approximate Degenerate Coupled Perturbed Hartree-Fock. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8053-8065. [PMID: 37939698 PMCID: PMC10687870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We use degenerate perturbation theory and assume that for degenerate pairs of orbitals, the coupled perturbed Hartree-Fock coefficients are symmetric in the degenerate basis to show [Formula: see text] is the only modification needed in the original molecular orbital basis. This enables us to develop efficient and accurate analytic nonadiabatic couplings between electronic states for selected configuration interactions (CIs). Even when the states belong to different irreducible representations, degenerate orbital pairs cannot be excluded by symmetry. For various excited states of carbon monoxide and trigonal planar ammonia, we benchmark the method against the full CI and find it to be accurate. We create a semi-numerical approach and use it to show that the analytic approach is correct even when a high-symmetry structure is distorted to break symmetry so that near degeneracies in orbitals occur. For a range of geometries of trigonal planar ammonia, we find that the analytic non-adiabatic couplings for selected CI can achieve sufficient accuracy using a small fraction of the full CI space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Coe
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hohenstein EG, Oumarou O, Al-Saadon R, Anselmetti GLR, Scheurer M, Gogolin C, Parrish RM. Efficient quantum analytic nuclear gradients with double factorization. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114119. [PMID: 36948843 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient representations of the Hamiltonian, such as double factorization, drastically reduce the circuit depth or the number of repetitions in error corrected and noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms for chemistry. We report a Lagrangian-based approach for evaluating relaxed one- and two-particle reduced density matrices from double factorized Hamiltonians, unlocking efficiency improvements in computing the nuclear gradient and related derivative properties. We demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of our Lagrangian-based approach to recover all off-diagonal density matrix elements in classically simulated examples with up to 327 quantum and 18 470 total atoms in QM/MM simulations with modest-sized quantum active spaces. We show this in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver in case studies, such as transition state optimization, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, and energy minimization of large molecular systems.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bannwarth C, Martínez TJ. SQMBox: Interfacing a semiempirical integral library to modular ab initio electronic structure enables new semiempirical methods. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074109. [PMID: 36813714 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ab initio and semiempirical electronic structure methods are usually implemented in separate software packages or use entirely different code paths. As a result, it can be time-consuming to transfer an established ab initio electronic structure scheme to a semiempirical Hamiltonian. We present an approach to unify ab initio and semiempirical electronic structure code paths based on a separation of the wavefunction ansatz and the needed matrix representations of operators. With this separation, the Hamiltonian can refer to either an ab initio or semiempirical treatment of the resulting integrals. We built a semiempirical integral library and interfaced it to the GPU-accelerated electronic structure code TeraChem. Equivalency between ab initio and semiempirical tight-binding Hamiltonian terms is assigned according to their dependence on the one-electron density matrix. The new library provides semiempirical equivalents of the Hamiltonian matrix and gradient intermediates, corresponding to those provided by the ab initio integral library. This enables the straightforward combination of semiempirical Hamiltonians with the full pre-existing ground and excited state functionality of the ab initio electronic structure code. We demonstrate the capability of this approach by combining the extended tight-binding method GFN1-xTB with both spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn-Sham and complete active space methods. We also present a highly efficient GPU implementation of the semiempirical Mulliken-approximated Fock exchange. The additional computational cost for this term becomes negligible even on consumer-grade GPUs, enabling Mulliken-approximated exchange in tight-binding methods for essentially no additional cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cruzeiro VWD, Wang Y, Pieri E, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. TeraChem protocol buffers (TCPB): Accelerating QM and QM/MM simulations with a client-server model. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044801. [PMID: 36725506 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The routine use of electronic structures in many chemical simulation applications calls for efficient and easy ways to access electronic structure programs. We describe how the graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated electronic structure program TeraChem can be set up as an electronic structure server, to be easily accessed by third-party client programs. We exploit Google's protocol buffer framework for data serialization and communication. The client interface, called TeraChem protocol buffers (TCPB), has been designed for ease of use and compatibility with multiple programming languages, such as C++, Fortran, and Python. To demonstrate the ease of coupling third-party programs with electronic structures using TCPB, we have incorporated the TCPB client into Amber for quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. The TCPB interface saves time with GPU initialization and I/O operations, achieving a speedup of more than 2× compared to a prior file-based implementation for a QM region with ∼250 basis functions. We demonstrate the practical application of TCPB by computing the free energy profile of p-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolinone (p-HBDI-)-a model chromophore in green fluorescent proteins-on the first excited singlet state using Hamiltonian replica exchange for enhanced sampling. All calculations in this work have been performed with the non-commercial freely-available version of TeraChem, which is sufficient for many QM region sizes in common use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elisa Pieri
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Chan GKL. Differentiable quantum chemistry with PySCF for molecules and materials at the mean-field level and beyond. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:204801. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0118200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce an extension to the PySCF package, which makes it automatically differentiable. The implementation strategy is discussed, and example applications are presented to demonstrate the automatic differentiation framework for quantum chemistry methodology development. These include orbital optimization, properties, excited-state energies, and derivative couplings, at the mean-field level and beyond, in both molecules and solids. We also discuss some current limitations and directions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kratz T, Steinbach P, Breitenlechner S, Storch G, Bannwarth C, Bach T. Photochemical Deracemization of Chiral Alkenes via Triplet Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10133-10138. [PMID: 35658423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated, enantioselective approach to axially chiral alkenes is described. Starting from a racemic mixture, a major alkene enantiomer is formed due to selective triplet energy transfer from a catalytically active chiral sensitizer. A catalyst loading of 2 mol % was sufficient to guarantee consistently high enantioselectivities and yields (16 examples, 51%-quant., 81-96% ee). NMR studies and DFT computations revealed that triplet energy transfer is more rapid within the substrate-catalyst complex of the minor alkene enantiomer. Since this enantiomer is continuously racemized, the major enantiomer is enriched in the photostationary state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Kratz
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Pit Steinbach
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Breitenlechner
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Seritan S, Lahana D, Ford JE, Valentini A, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. InteraChem: Exploring Excited States in Virtual Reality with Ab Initio Interactive Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3308-3317. [PMID: 35649124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
InteraChem is an ab initio interactive molecular dynamics (AI-IMD) visualizer that leverages recent advances in virtual reality hardware and software, as well as the graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated TeraChem electronic structure package, in order to render quantum chemistry in real time. We introduce the exploration of electronically excited states via AI-IMD using the floating occupation molecular orbital-complete active space configuration interaction method. The optimization tools in InteraChem enable identification of excited state minima as well as minimum energy conical intersections for further characterization of excited state chemistry in small- to medium-sized systems. We demonstrate that finite-temperature Hartree-Fock theory is an efficient method to perform ground state AI-IMD. InteraChem allows users to track electronic properties such as molecular orbitals and bond order in real time, resulting in an interactive visualization tool that aids in the interpretation of excited state chemistry data and makes quantum chemistry more accessible for both research and educational purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stefan Seritan
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dean Lahana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jason E Ford
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Plaza M, Großkopf J, Breitenlechner S, Bannwarth C, Bach T. Photochemical Deracemization of Primary Allene Amides by Triplet Energy Transfer: A Combined Synthetic and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11209-11217. [PMID: 34279085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical deracemization of 2,4-disubstituted 2,3-butadienamides (allene amides) was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The reaction was catalyzed by a thioxanthone which is covalently linked to a chiral 1,5,7-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one skeleton providing a U-shaped arrangement of the sensitizing unit relative to a potential hydrogen-bonding site. Upon irradiation at λ = 420 nm in the presence of the sensitizer (2.5 mol %), the amides reached at -10 °C a photostationary state in which one enantiomer prevailed. The enantioenriched allene amides (70-93% ee) were isolated in 74% to quantitative yield (19 examples). Based on luminescence data and DFT calculations, energy transfer from the thioxanthone to the allene amides is thermodynamically feasible, and the achiral triplet allene intermediate was structurally characterized. Hydrogen bonding of the amide enantiomers to the sensitizer was monitored by NMR titration. The experimental association constants (Ka) were similar (59.8 vs 25.7 L·mol-1). DFT calculations, however, revealed a significant difference in the binding properties of the two enantiomers. The major product enantiomer exhibits a noncovalent dispersion interaction of its arylmethyl group to the external benzene ring of the thioxanthone, thus moving away the allene from the carbonyl chromophore. The minor enantiomer displays a CH-π interaction of the hydrogen atom at the terminal allene carbon atom to the same benzene ring, thus forcing the allene into close proximity to the chromophore. The binding behavior explains the observed enantioselectivity which, as corroborated by additional calculations, is due to a rapid triplet energy transfer within the substrate-catalyst complex of the minor enantiomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Plaza
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Großkopf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Breitenlechner
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Kohn-Sham density functional theory with the available exchange-correlation functionals is less accurate for strongly correlated systems, which require a multiconfigurational description as a zero-order function, than for weakly correlated systems, and available functionals of the spin densities do not accurately predict energies for many strongly correlated systems when one uses multiconfigurational wave functions with spin symmetry. Furthermore, adding a correlation functional to a multiconfigurational reference energy can lead to double counting of electron correlation. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) overcomes both obstacles, the second by calculating the quantum mechanical part of the electronic energy entirely by a functional, and the first by using a functional of the total density and the on-top pair density rather than the spin densities. This allows one to calculate the energy of strongly correlated systems efficiently with a pair-density functional and a suitable multiconfigurational reference function. This article reviews MC-PDFT and related background information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Jie J Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Levine BG, Durden AS, Esch MP, Liang F, Shu Y. CAS without SCF-Why to use CASCI and where to get the orbitals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:090902. [PMID: 33685182 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method has seen broad adoption due to its ability to describe the electronic structure of both the ground and excited states of molecules over a broader swath of the potential energy surface than is possible with the simpler Hartree-Fock approximation. However, it also has a reputation for being unwieldy, computationally costly, and un-black-box. Here, we discuss a class of alternatives, complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) methods, paying particular attention to their application to electronic excited states. The goal of this Perspective is fourfold. First, we argue that CASCI is not merely an approximation to CASSCF, in that it can be designed to have important qualitative advantages over CASSCF. Second, we present several insights drawn from our experience experimenting with different schemes for computing orbitals to be employed in CASCI. Third, we argue that CASCI is well suited for application to nanomaterials. Finally, we reason that, with the rise in new low-scaling approaches for describing multireference systems, there is a greater need than ever to develop new methods for defining orbitals that provide an efficient and accurate description of both static correlation and electronic excitations in a limited active space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Michael P Esch
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
![]()
In
coupled cluster theory, the electronic states are biorthonormal
in the sense that the left states are orthonormal to the right states.
Here, we present an extension of this formalism to a left and right
total molecular wave function. Starting from left and right Born–Huang
expansions, we derive projected Schrödinger equations for the
left and right nuclear wave functions. Observables may be extracted
from the resulting wave function pair using standard expressions.
The formalism is shown to be invariant under electronic basis transformations,
such as normalization of the electronic states. Consequently, the
nonadiabatic coupling elements can be expressed with biorthonormal
electronic wave functions. Calculating normalization factors that
scale as full configuration interaction is not necessary, contrary
to claims in the literature. For nonadiabatic nuclear dynamics, we
need expressions for the derivative couplings in the biorthonormal
formalism. These are derived in a Lagrangian framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirik F Kjønstad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, Pisa PI 56126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu JK, Bannwarth C, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Hole–Hole Tamm–Dancoff Approximated Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5499-5511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy K. Yu
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seritan S, Bannwarth C, Fales BS, Hohenstein EG, Isborn CM, Kokkila‐Schumacher SIL, Li X, Liu F, Luehr N, Snyder JW, Song C, Titov AV, Ufimtsev IS, Wang L, Martínez TJ. TeraChem
: A graphical processing unit
‐accelerated
electronic structure package for
large‐scale
ab initio molecular dynamics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Seritan
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Bryan S. Fales
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Christine M. Isborn
- Department of Chemistry University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | | | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Chenchen Song
- Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Ivan S. Ufimtsev
- Department of Structural Biology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - Lee‐Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suchan J, Janoš J, Slavíček P. Pragmatic Approach to Photodynamics: Mixed Landau–Zener Surface Hopping with Intersystem Crossing. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5809-5820. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang S, Li C, Evangelista FA. Analytic gradients for the single-reference driven similarity renormalization group second-order perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044118. [PMID: 31370522 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We derive and implement analytic energy gradients for the single-reference driven similarity renormalization group second-order perturbation theory (DSRG-PT2). The resulting equations possess an asymptotic scaling that is identical to that of the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), indicating that the exponential regularizer in the DSRG equations does not introduce formal difficulties in the gradient theory. We apply the DSRG-PT2 method to optimizing the geometries of 15 small molecules. The equilibrium bond lengths computed with DSRG-PT2 are found similar to those of MP2, yielding a mean absolute error of 0.0033 Å and a standard deviation of 0.0045 Å when compared with coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Levine BG, Esch MP, Fales BS, Hardwick DT, Peng WT, Shu Y. Conical Intersections at the Nanoscale: Molecular Ideas for Materials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:21-43. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict and describe nonradiative processes in molecules via the identification and characterization of conical intersections is one of the greatest recent successes of theoretical chemistry. Only recently, however, has this concept been extended to materials science, where nonradiative recombination limits the efficiencies of materials for various optoelectronic applications. In this review, we present recent advances in the theoretical study of conical intersections in semiconductor nanomaterials. After briefly introducing conical intersections, we argue that specific defects in materials can induce conical intersections between the ground and first excited electronic states, thus introducing pathways for nonradiative recombination. We present recent developments in theoretical methods, computational tools, and chemical intuition for the prediction of such defect-induced conical intersections. Through examples in various nanomaterials, we illustrate the significance of conical intersections for nanoscience. We also discuss challenges facing research in this area and opportunities for progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Michael P. Esch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B. Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dylan T. Hardwick
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Wei-Tao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Levine BG, Peng WT, Esch MP. Locality of conical intersections in semiconductor nanomaterials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10870-10878. [PMID: 31106323 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A predictive theory connecting atomic structure to the rate of recombination would enable the rational design of semiconductor nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications. Recently our group has demonstrated that the theoretical study of conical intersections can serve this purpose. Here we review recent work in this area, focusing on the thesis that low-energy conical intersections in nanomaterials share a common feature: locality. We define a conical intersection as local if (a) the intersecting states differ by the excitation of an electron between spatially local orbitals, and (b) the intersection is accessed when the energies of these orbitals are tuned by local distortions of the geometry. After illustrating the locality of the conical intersection responsible for recombination at dangling bond defects in silicon, we demonstrate the locality of low-energy conical intersections in cases where locality may be a surprise. First, we demonstrate the locality of low-energy self-trapped conical intersections in a pristine silicon nanocrystal, which has no defects that one would expect to serve as the center of a local intersection. Second, we demonstrate that the lowest energy intersection in a silicon system with two neighboring dangling bond defects localizes to a single defect site. We discuss the profound implications of locality for predicting the rate of recombination and suggest that the locality of intersections could be exploited in the experimental study of recombination, where spectroscopic studies of molecular models of defects could provide new insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Wei-Tao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Michael P Esch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Esch MP, Shu Y, Levine BG. A Conical Intersection Perspective on the Low Nonradiative Recombination Rate in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2661-2673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Esch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parrish RM, Martínez TJ. Ab Initio Computation of Rotationally-Averaged Pump-Probe X-ray and Electron Diffraction Signals. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1523-1537. [PMID: 30702882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We develop a new algorithm for the computation of the rotationally averaged elastic molecular diffraction signal for the cases of perpendicular or parallel pump-probe geometries. The algorithm first collocates the charge density from an arbitrary ab initio wave function onto a Becke quadrature grid [A. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 1988 , 88 , 2457 ], providing a high-fidelity multiresolution representation of the charge density. A double sum is then performed over the Becke grid points, and the interaction between points computed using the scattering kernels of Williamson and Zewail [J. C. Williamson and A. H. Zewail, J. Phys. Chem. 1994 , 98 , 2766 ]. These kernels analytically average over the molecular orientations with the cos2 γ selection factor appropriate for one-photon dipole absorption in a perpendicular pump-probe geometry. We show that the method is converged with small grids containing <500 points/atom. We implement the algorithm on a GPU for increased efficiency and emonstrate the algorithm for molecules with up to a few dozen atoms. We explore the accuracy of the independent atom model (IAM) by comparison with our new and more accurate method. We also investigate the possibility of detecting signatures of electronic transitions in polyatomic pump-probe diffraction experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ranković M, Chalabala J, Zawadzki M, Kočišek J, Slavíček P, Fedor J. Dissociative ionization dynamics of dielectric gas C3F7CN. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16451-16458. [PMID: 31312828 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoronitrile C3F7CN is a promising candidate for the replacement of SF6 dielectric gas in high-voltage insulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ranković
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Chalabala
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 16628 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Zawadzki
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Department of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
| | - J. Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Slavíček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - J. Fedor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18223 Prague
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Yang J, Zhu X, Wolf TJA, Li Z, Nunes JPF, Coffee R, Cryan JP, Gühr M, Hegazy K, Heinz TF, Jobe K, Li R, Shen X, Veccione T, Weathersby S, Wilkin KJ, Yoneda C, Zheng Q, Martinez TJ, Centurion M, Wang X. Imaging CF 3I conical intersection and photodissociation dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction. Science 2018; 361:64-67. [PMID: 29976821 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conical intersections play a critical role in excited-state dynamics of polyatomic molecules because they govern the reaction pathways of many nonadiabatic processes. However, ultrafast probes have lacked sufficient spatial resolution to image wave-packet trajectories through these intersections directly. Here, we present the simultaneous experimental characterization of one-photon and two-photon excitation channels in isolated CF3I molecules using ultrafast gas-phase electron diffraction. In the two-photon channel, we have mapped out the real-space trajectories of a coherent nuclear wave packet, which bifurcates onto two potential energy surfaces when passing through a conical intersection. In the one-photon channel, we have resolved excitation of both the umbrella and the breathing vibrational modes in the CF3 fragment in multiple nuclear dimensions. These findings benchmark and validate ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. .,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Ryan Coffee
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Markus Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kareem Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keith Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle J Wilkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Charles Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Zheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Effect of Nonplanarity on Excited-State Proton Transfer and Internal Conversion in Salicylideneaniline. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5555-5562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Basile F. E. Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hollas D, Šištík L, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ, Slavíček P. Nonadiabatic Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics with the Floating Occupation Molecular Orbital-Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 14:339-350. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hollas
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Šištík
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- PhD
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fales BS, Shu Y, Levine BG, Hohenstein EG. Complete active space configuration interaction from state-averaged configuration interaction singles natural orbitals: Analytic first derivatives and derivative coupling vectors. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:094104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shu Y, Fales BS, Peng WT, Levine BG. Understanding Nonradiative Recombination through Defect-Induced Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4091-4099. [PMID: 28799771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Defects are known to introduce pathways for the nonradiative recombination of electronic excitations in semiconductors, but implicating a specific defect as a nonradiative center remains challenging for both experiment and theory. In this Perspective, we present recent progress toward this goal involving the identification and characterization of defect-induced conical intersections (DICIs), points of degeneracy between the ground and first excited electronic states of semiconductor materials that arise from the deformation of specific defects. Analysis of DICIs does not require the assumption of weak correlation between the electron and hole nor of stationary nuclei. It is demonstrated that in some cases an energetically accessible DICI is present even when no midgap state is predicted by single-particle theories (e.g., density functional theory). We review recent theoretical and computational developments that enable the location of DICIs in semiconductor nanomaterials and present insights into the photoluminescence of silicon nanocrystals gleaned from DICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - B Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Wei-Tao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Excited-State Dynamics of a Benzotriazole Photostabilizer: 2-(2′-Hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6377-6387. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pijeau S, Foster D, Hohenstein EG. Excited-State Dynamics of 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole: Ultrafast Proton Transfer and Internal Conversion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4595-4605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Donneille Foster
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pijeau S, Hohenstein EG. Improved Complete Active Space Configuration Interaction Energies with a Simple Correction from Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1130-1146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Pijeau
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|