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Chu F, Li S, Zhao C, Feng Y, Lin Y, Wu X, Yan X, Miljkovic N. Interfacial ice sprouting during salty water droplet freezing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2249. [PMID: 38480695 PMCID: PMC10937636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Icing of seawater droplets is capable of causing catastrophic damage to vessels, buildings, and human life, yet it also holds great potential for enhancing applications such as droplet-based freeze desalination and anti-icing of sea sprays. While large-scale sea ice growth has been investigated for decades, the icing features of small salty droplets remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that salty droplet icing is governed by salt rejection-accompanied ice crystal growth, resulting in freezing dynamics different from pure water. Aided by the observation of brine films emerging on top of frozen salty droplets, we propose a universal definition of freezing duration to quantify the icing rate of droplets having varying salt concentrations. Furthermore, we show that the morphology of frozen salty droplets is governed by ice crystals that sprout from the bottom of the brine film. These crystals grow until they pierce the free interface, which we term ice sprouting. We reveal that ice sprouting is controlled by condensation at the brine film free interface, a mechanism validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings shed light on the distinct physics that govern salty droplet icing, knowledge that is essential for the development of related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Canjun Zhao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanhui Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yukai Lin
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Dong J, Wang J, Wang S, Wen J. Experimental Investigation of p-Xylene Crystallization Characteristics and Ultrasound Enhancement Mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, China
| | - Simin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710049, China
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3
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Soares C, Gonçalves Y, Horta B, Barreto A, Tavares F. Revisiting the birth of NaCl crystals using molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 115:108202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Bianco V, Conde MM, Lamas CP, Noya EG, Sanz E. Phase diagram of the NaCl–water system from computer simulations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bianco
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad de I+D+i asociada al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. M. Conde
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. P. Lamas
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad de I+D+i asociada al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Calle Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. G. Noya
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Calle Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad de I+D+i asociada al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Ushijima SB, Huynh E, Davis RD, Tolbert MA. Seeded Crystal Growth of Internally Mixed Organic-Inorganic Aerosols: Impact of Organic Phase State. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8668-8679. [PMID: 34553594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are complex with both inorganic and organic components. The soluble inorganics can transition between aqueous and crystalline phases through efflorescence and deliquescence. This study focuses on the efflorescence of (NH4)2SO4/organic particles by seeded crystal growth through contact with a crystal of (NH4)2SO4. Seeded crystal growth is known to effectively shut down supersaturation of aqueous aerosols. Here, we investigate whether organics can inhibit seeded crystal growth. We demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG-400), which phase-separates from the aqueous (NH4)2SO4 and forms a core-shell structure, did not inhibit seeded crystal growth of (NH4)2SO4 at all relative humidity (RH) values below deliquescence RH. The PEG-400 layer was not viscous enough to prevent the diffusion of species through the coating. In contrast, we find that although raffinose, which stays homogeneously mixed with (NH4)2SO4, did not inhibit seeded crystal growth at RH > 45%, it did inhibit heterogeneous efflorescence at lower humidities. Viscosity measurements using an electrodynamic balance show a significant increase in viscosity as humidity was lowered, suggesting that inhibited diffusion of water and ions prevented efflorescence. The observed efflorescence at the higher RH also demonstrates that collisions can induce efflorescence of mixed aerosols that would otherwise not homogeneously effloresce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi B Ushijima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Erik Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Ryan D Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Margaret A Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 216 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Tsironi I, Schlesinger D, Späh A, Eriksson L, Segad M, Perakis F. Brine rejection and hydrate formation upon freezing of NaCl aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7625-7632. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05436g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studying the freezing of saltwater on a molecular level is of fundamental importance for improving freeze desalination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Tsironi
- Department of Physics
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm University
- 114 19 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Daniel Schlesinger
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research
- Stockholm University
- 114 18 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm University
- 114 19 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Mo Segad
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics
- AlbaNova University Center
- Stockholm University
- 114 19 Stockholm
- Sweden
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7
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Jiang H, Debenedetti PG, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Nucleation in aqueous NaCl solutions shifts from 1-step to 2-step mechanism on crossing the spinodal. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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8
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Jiang H, Debenedetti PG, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Communication: Nucleation rates of supersaturated aqueous NaCl using a polarizable force field. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:141102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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9
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Hermann G, Zhang Y, Wassermann B, Fischer H, Quennet M, Rühl E. Charge Effects on the Efflorescence in Single Levitated Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6790-6799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Hermann
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wassermann
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fischer
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Quennet
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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