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Pratama AKY, Setiawan A, Widyaningrum R, Mitrayana. Resonance frequency measurement to identify stiffness variations based on photoacoustic imaging. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e210008. [PMID: 38803337 PMCID: PMC11128304 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Linear assumption on the level of stiffness in a tissue shows a significant correlation with disease. Photoacoustic imaging techniques that are non-contact by design have been developed in this study to detect differences in phantom (soft tissue mimicking materials) stiffness. This study aims to detect differences in phantom stiffness based on the results of image reconstruction at the resonance frequency. Four phantom agars with differing concentrations were made to achieve different stiffnesses. The position of each phantom agar's highest photoacoustic signal amplitude is identified by a frequency modulation sweep. The characterization results show an increase in resonance frequency along with an increase in phantom stiffness. The image difference can be detected because the intensity of the photoacoustic image in samples that have a resonance frequency with laser modulation is comparatively higher than in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Kusuma Yoga Pratama
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Setiawan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Central Java 50711, Indonesia
| | - Rini Widyaningrum
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mitrayana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Khan S, Nayak D, Vasudevan S. Photoacoustic Spectral Response using Ultrasound and Interferometric Sensors: A Correlation Study for a High Bandwidth Real-Time Blood Vasculature Monitoring Application in a Chick-Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1129-1137. [PMID: 37603568 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) spectral response technique has shown good promise in efficient preclinical tissue diagnosis by depicting mechano-biological properties due to high spatial resolution and penetration depth. The conventional PA-based system is a pump-probe technique that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet pulsed laser as a pump and an ultrasound sensor as a probe. For biomedical studies, high-speed PA signals need to be acquired, requiring higher bandwidth ultrasound sensors. While the bandwidth increases, they exhibit a very low signal-to-noise ratio that inhibits acquiring PA signals of biomedical samples. An interferometer-based probe has recently been investigated as a potential ultrasound probe for obtaining PA signals as an alternative. This optical PA detection technique offers high sensitivity by combining low acoustic impedance with high electromechanical coupling. However, there is a lack of exploration of the same for real-time biomedical studies. This work shows the development of a homodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based PA spectral response (PASR) followed by a correlation study between the conventional ultrasound sensor and the interferometer-based sensor. Further, this study demonstrates the capability of continuous monitoring of vascular growth and the effect of an antidrug (Cisplatin) on the vasculature tested on a chick-embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. PASR was able to monitor growth changes within one day, which was not possible with conventional methods. This opens up potential possibilities for using this technique in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Khan S, Vasudevan S. Biomedical instrumentation of photoacoustic imaging and quantitative sensing for clinical applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:091502. [PMID: 37747328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been well researched over the last couple of decades and has found many applications in biomedical engineering. This has evinced interest among many scientists in developing this as a compact instrument for biomedical diagnosis. This review discusses various instrumentation developments for PA experimental setups and their applications in the biomedical diagnostic field. It also covers the PA spectral response or PA sensing technique, which uses the spectral information of the PA signal and performs sensing to deliver a fast, cost-effective, and compact screening tool instead of imaging. Primarily, this review provides an overview of PA imaging concepts and the development of hardware instrumentation systems in both the excitation and acquisition stages of this technique. Later, the paper discusses PA sensing, the quantitative spectral parameter extraction from the PA spectrum, and the correlation study of the spectral parameters with the physical parameters of the tissue. This PA sensing technique was used to diagnose various diseases, such as thyroid nodules, breast cancer, renal disorders, and zoonotic diseases, based on the mechanical and biological characteristics of the tissues. The paper culminates with a discussion section that provides future developments that are necessary to take this technique into clinical applications as a quantitative PA imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - S Vasudevan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
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Bodera FJ, McVey MJ, Sathiyamoorthy K, Kolios MC. Detection of clot formation & lysis In-Vitro using high frequency photoacoustic imaging & frequency analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100487. [PMID: 37095887 PMCID: PMC10122060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clotting is a physiological process that prevents blood loss after injury. An imbalance in clotting factors can lead to lethal consequences such as exsanguination or inappropriate thrombosis. Clinical methods to monitor clotting and fibrinolysis typically measure the viscoelasticity of whole blood or optical density of plasma over time. Though these methods provide insights into clotting and fibrinolysis, they require milliliters of blood which can worsen anemia or only provide partial information. To overcome these limitations, a high-frequency photoacoustic (HFPA) imaging system was developed to detect clotting and lysis in blood. Clotting was initiated in vitro in reconstituted blood using thrombin and lysed with urokinase plasminogen activator. Frequency spectra measured using HFPA signals (10-40 MHz) between non-clotted blood and clotted blood differed markedly, allowing tracking of clot initiation and lysis in volumes of blood as low as 25 µL/test. HFPA imaging shows potential as a point-of-care examination of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Bodera
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence to: Department of Physics Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada.
| | - Mark J. McVey
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krishnan Sathiyamoorthy
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Biswas D, Roy S, Vasudevan S. Biomedical Application of Photoacoustics: A Plethora of Opportunities. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1900. [PMID: 36363921 PMCID: PMC9692656 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic (PA) technique is a non-invasive, non-ionizing hybrid technique that exploits laser irradiation for sample excitation and acquires an ultrasound signal generated due to thermoelastic expansion of the sample. Being a hybrid technique, PA possesses the inherent advantages of conventional optical (high resolution) and ultrasonic (high depth of penetration in biological tissue) techniques and eliminates some of the major limitations of these conventional techniques. Hence, PA has been employed for different biomedical applications. In this review, we first discuss the basic physics of PA. Then, we discuss different aspects of PA techniques, which includes PA imaging and also PA frequency spectral analysis. The theory of PA signal generation, detection and analysis is also detailed in this work. Later, we also discuss the major biomedical application area of PA technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Biswas
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol 453552, MP, India
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Xie W, Wu S, Liao J, Cheng Q. Photoacoustic power azimuth spectrum for microvascular evaluation. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 22:100260. [PMID: 33777693 PMCID: PMC7985563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The tubular structures and dendritic distributions of blood vessels emit anisotropic photoacoustic (PA) signals with different intensities and frequency components at different angles. Therefore, spectral analysis of PA signals from a single angle cannot accurately determine the physical characteristics of microvessels. This study investigated the feasibility of using the PA power azimuth spectrum (PA-PAS) method to evaluate microvessel structures. We mapped the acoustic power spectrum of the PA signals along the azimuth direction. Based on a frequency-domain analysis of the broadband PA signal, we calculated the spectral parameter power-weighted mean frequency (PWMF). The results demonstrate that the PA signal information of the microvessel is mainly concentrated in the direction of its width. In addition, the PWMF decreases linearly with the microvascular size. The experimental findings exhibit good agreement with the simulation results, thus demonstrating that this approach can effectively differentiate the sizes of microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingna Chen
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiya Xie
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiying Wu
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Liao
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Heo J, Biswas D, Park KK, Son D, Park HJ, Baac HW. Laser-generated focused ultrasound transducer using a perforated photoacoustic lens for tissue characterization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1375-1390. [PMID: 33796360 PMCID: PMC7984797 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a laser-generated focused ultrasound (LGFU) transducer using a perforated-photoacoustic (PA) lens and a piezoelectric probe hydrophone suitable for high-frequency ultrasound tissue characterization. The perforated-PA lens employed a centrally located hydrophone to achieve a maximum directional response at 0° from the axial direction of the lens. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the lens produced LGFU pulses with a frequency bandwidth of 6-30 MHz and high-peak pressure amplitudes of up to 46.5 MPa at a 70-µm lateral focal width. Since the hydrophone capable of covering the transmitter frequency range (∼20 MHz) was integrated with the lens, this hybrid transducer differentiated tissue elasticity by generating and detecting high-frequency ultrasound signals. Backscattered (BS) waves from excised tissues (bone, skin, muscle, and fat) were measured and also confirmed by laser-flash shadowgraphy. We characterized the LGFU-BS signals in terms of mean frequency and spectral energy in the frequency domain, enabling to clearly differentiate tissue types. Tissue characterization was also performed with respect to the LGFU penetration depth (from the surface, 1-, and 2-mm depth). Despite acoustic attenuation over the penetration depth, LGFU-BS characterization shows consistent results that can differentiate the elastic properties of tissues. We expect that the proposed transducer can be utilized for other tissue types and also for non-destructive evaluation based on the elasticity of unknown materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Heo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Deblina Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Kyu Kwan Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Joon Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kharey P, Dutta SB, Gorey A, Manikandan M, Kumari A, Vasudevan S, Palani IA, Majumder SK, Gupta S. Pimenta dioicaMediated Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Potential for Theranostic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kharey
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials ScienceIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | | | - Abhijeet Gorey
- Discipline of Electrical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - M. Manikandan
- Discipline of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Anshu Kumari
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Discipline of Electrical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - I. A. Palani
- Discipline of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - S. K. Majumder
- Laser Biomedical Applications DivisionRaja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI)Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar Mumbai India 400094
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials ScienceIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
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Biswas D, Chen GCK, Baac HW, Vasudevan S. Photoacoustic Spectral Sensing Technique for Diagnosis of Biological Tissue Coagulation: In-Vitro Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030133. [PMID: 32121418 PMCID: PMC7151006 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal coagulation of abnormal tissues has evolved as a therapeutic technique for different diseases including cancer. Tissue heating beyond 55 °C causes coagulation that leads to cell death. Noninvasive diagnosis of thermally coagulated tissues is pragmatic for performing efficient therapy as well as reducing damage of surrounding healthy tissues. We propose a noninvasive, elasticity-based photoacoustic spectral sensing technique for differentiating normal and coagulated tissues. Photoacoustic diagnosis is performed for quantitative differentiation of normal and coagulated excised chicken liver and muscle tissues in vitro by characterizing a dominant frequency of photoacoustic frequency spectrum. Pronounced distinction in the spectral parameter (i.e., dominant frequency) was observed due to change in tissue elastic property. We confirmed nearly two-fold increase in dominant frequencies for the coagulated muscle and liver tissues as compared to the normal ones. A density increase caused by tissue coagulation is clearly reflected in the dominant frequency composition. Experimental results were consistent over five different sample sets, delineating the potential of proposed technique to diagnose biological tissue coagulation and thus monitor thermal coagulation therapy in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Biswas
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India;
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
- Correspondence: (H.W.B.); (S.V.)
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Gorey A, Vasudevan S, Ansari MS, Bhagat P, Phatak S, Sharma N, Chen GCK. Development of a compact laser-diode based frequency domain photoacoustic sensing system: Application of human breast cancer diagnosis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:114101. [PMID: 31779431 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a laser diode based photoacoustic spectral response (PASR) setup capable of diagnosing human breast cancer tissues through the use of mechanobiological properties of the tissue. A detailed description of the laser driver is provided, highlighting the important characteristics of the developed driver. Furthermore, the amplifier development is described. The developed laser diode based PASR system has been characterized using standard samples. Subsequently, the developed experiment has been applied onto diagnosis of human breast tumors. Energy has been used as a parameter to differentiate between normal and malignant tissues. The results were statistically consistent and then compared with standard histopathology for correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Gorey
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - M S Ansari
- Laser Power Supplies Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - Priyanka Bhagat
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 14 Manikh Bagh Road, Indore 452014, India
| | - Satish Phatak
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 14 Manikh Bagh Road, Indore 452014, India
| | - Norman Sharma
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 14 Manikh Bagh Road, Indore 452014, India
| | - George C K Chen
- BC Photonics Technological Co., Richmond, British Columbia V7E 1G9, Canada
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Biswas D, Gorey A, Chen GC, Vasudevan S, Sharma N, Bhagat P, Phatak S. Empirical wavelet transform based photoacoustic spectral response technique for assessment of ex-vivo breast biopsy tissues. Biomed Signal Process Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gorey A, Biswas D, Kumari A, Gupta S, Sharma N, Chen GCK, Vasudevan S. Application of continuous-wave photoacoustic sensing to red blood cell morphology. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:487-494. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biswas D, Kumari A, Chen GCK, Vasudevan S, Gupta S, Shukla S, Garg UK. Quantitative Differentiation of Pneumonia from Normal Lungs: Diagnostic Assessment Using Photoacoustic Spectral Response. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2532-2537. [PMID: 28485655 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817708320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an acute lung infection that takes life of many young children in developing countries. Early stage (red hepatization) detection of pneumonia would be pragmatic to control mortality rate. Detection of this disease at early stages demands the knowledge of pathology, making it difficult to screen noninvasively. We propose photoacoustic spectral response (PASR), a noninvasive elasticity-dependent technique for early stage pneumonia detection. We report the quantitative red hepatization detection of pneumonia through median frequency, spectral energy, and variance. Significant contrast in spectral parameters due to change in sample elasticity is found. The tissue-mimicking phantom study illustrates a 39% increase in median frequency for 1.5 times the change in density. On applying to formalin-fixed pneumonia-affected goat lungs, it provides a distinct change in spectral parameters between pneumonia affected areas and normal lungs. The obtained PASR results were found to be highly correlating to standard histopathology. The proposed technique therefore has potential to be a regular diagnostic tool for early pneumonia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Biswas
- 1 226957 Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Anshu Kumari
- 2 Center for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | | | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- 1 226957 Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
- 2 Center for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- 2 Center for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Supriya Shukla
- 4 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Husbandry, MHOW, MP, India
| | - Umesh K Garg
- 4 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Husbandry, MHOW, MP, India
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Biswas D, Vasudevan S, Chen GCK, Bhagat P, Sharma N, Phatak S. Time–frequency based photoacoustic spectral response technique for differentiating human breast masses. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa6b06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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