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Louerdi S, Hrabar S, Mouhib T, Kański M, Postawa Z. Ar cluster bombardment of phenylalanine deposited on graphene-Effect of kinetic energy and projectile size. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204705. [PMID: 38010336 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of kinetic energy and projectile size on particle emission from a phenylalanine overlayer adsorbed on a graphene bilayer during argon projectile bombardment. Projectiles of various sizes (1-1000 atoms) and kinetic energies (0.5-40 keV) are used to study their impact on the ejection efficiency, mass distribution, and kinetic and angular spectra of the emitted substances. Particle ejection mechanisms are discussed in scenarios with and without sample perforation. Additionally, this study investigated the potential use of graphene in secondary ion mass spectrometry or neutral secondary mass spectrometry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Louerdi
- LISA Laboratory, Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées, Hassan First University of Settat, BP: 218, 26103 Berrechid, Morocco
| | - Sviatoslav Hrabar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Taoufiq Mouhib
- LISA Laboratory, Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées, Hassan First University of Settat, BP: 218, 26103 Berrechid, Morocco
| | - Michał Kański
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Li C, Wang Z, Ma L. Drilling accurate nanopores for biosensors by energetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics investigation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:304. [PMID: 36074180 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drilling precise nanopores in thin layers is in rapid demand for biosensing applications. We demonstrate that an energetic multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) can be a good candidate to fabricate nanopores on graphene from molecular dynamics simulations with a bond-order potential. High-quality nanopores with expected size and smooth margins could be created by an incident nanotube at chosen size and energy. Besides, a nanotube is in advantage of absorbing and translocating many biological macromolecules due to its strong adsorption capacity. It implies a feasible way to drill nanopores and carry big molecules through the fabricated nanopores in one step for fast biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Li
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
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Shi J, Hu C, Sun S, Song B, Qin QH. Bonding few-layered graphene via collision with high-speed fullerenes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:285704. [PMID: 33831851 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf5fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as a typical two-dimensional material, is popular in the design of nanodevices. The interlayer relative sliding of graphene sheets can significantly affect the effective bending stiffness of the few-layered graphene. For restricting the relative sliding, we adopted the atomic shot peening method to bond the graphene sheets together by ballistic C60 fullerenes from its two surfaces. Collision effects are evaluated via molecular dynamics simulations. Results obtained indicate that the fullerenes' incident velocity has an interval, in which the graphene sheet can be bonded after collision while no atoms on the fullerenes escaping from the graphene ribbon after collision. The limits of the interval increase with the layer number. Within a few picoseconds of collision, a stable carbon network is produced at an impacted area. The graphene sheets are bonded via the network and cannot slide relatively anymore. Conclusions are drawn to show the way of potential applications of the method in manufacturing a new graphene-based two-dimensional material that has a high out-of-plane bending stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Shi
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Hu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Sreykeo Sun
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Qin
- Department of Engineering, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
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Kański M, Postawa Z. Effect of the Impact Angle on the Kinetic Energy and Angular Distributions of β-Carotene Sputtered by 15 keV Ar 2000 Projectiles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9161-9167. [PMID: 31194505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations are used to model ejection of particles from β-carotene samples bombarded by 15 keV Ar2000. The effect of the incidence angle on the angular and kinetic energy distributions is investigated. It has been found that both of these distributions are sensitive to the variation of the incidence angle, particularly near the normal incidence. For impacts along the surface normal, material ejection is azimuthally symmetric, and a significant emission occurs along the surface normal. The kinetic energy distribution of intact molecules has a maximum near 1 eV and terminates below approximately 2 eV. An increase of the incidence angle breaks the azimuthal symmetry. Most of the intact molecules become ejected in the forward direction. The maximum in the polar angle distribution shifts toward large off-normal angles. In addition, the most probable kinetic energy of ejected molecules is significantly increased. The mechanisms of molecular emission responsible for the observed changes are delineated. The implications of the observed ejection characteristics for the utilization of large gas cluster projectiles in secondary neutral mass spectrometry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kański
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics , Jagiellonian University , S. Lojasiewicza 11 , Kraków , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics , Jagiellonian University , S. Lojasiewicza 11 , Kraków , Poland
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Verkhoturov SV, Gołuński M, Verkhoturov DS, Czerwinski B, Eller MJ, Geng S, Postawa Z, Schweikert EA. Hypervelocity cluster ion impacts on free standing graphene: Experiment, theory, and applications. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:160901. [PMID: 31042896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present results from experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations obtained with C60 and Au400 impacting on free-standing graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene-supported molecular layers. The experiments were run on custom-built ToF reflectron mass spectrometers with C60 and Au-LMIS sources with acceleration potentials generating 50 keV C60 2+ and 440-540 keV Au400 4+. Bombardment-detection was in the same mode as MD simulation, i.e., a sequence of individual projectile impacts with separate collection/identification of the ejecta from each impact in either the forward (transmission) or backward (reflection) direction. For C60 impacts on single layer graphene, the secondary ion (SI) yields for C2 and C4 emitted in transmission are ∼0.1 (10%). Similar yields were observed for analyte-specific ions from submonolayer deposits of phenylalanine. MD simulations show that graphene acts as a trampoline, i.e., they can be ejected without destruction. Another topic investigated dealt with the chemical composition of free-standing GO. The elemental composition was found to be approximately COH2. We have also studied the impact of Au400 clusters on graphene. Again SI yields were high (e.g., 1.25 C-/impact). 90-100 Au atoms evaporate off the exiting projectile which experiences an energy loss of ∼72 keV. The latter is a summation of energy spent on rupturing the graphene, ejecting carbon atoms and clusters and a dipole projectile/hole interaction. The charge distribution of the exiting projectiles is ∼50% neutrals and ∼25% either negatively or positively charged. We infer that free-standing graphene enables detection of attomole to zeptomole deposits of analyte via cluster-SI mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Czerwinski
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael J Eller
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | | | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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Verkhoturov SV, Gołuński M, Verkhoturov DS, Geng S, Postawa Z, Schweikert EA. "Trampoline" ejection of organic molecules from graphene and graphite via keV cluster ions impacts. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144309. [PMID: 29655321 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the data on ejection of molecules and emission of molecular ions caused by single impacts of 50 keV C602+ on a molecular layer of deuterated phenylalanine (D8Phe) deposited on free standing, 2-layer graphene. The projectile impacts on the graphene side stimulate the abundant ejection of intact molecules and the emission of molecular ions in the transmission direction. To gain insight into the mechanism of ejection, Molecular Dynamic simulations were performed. It was found that the projectile penetrates the thin layer of graphene, partially depositing the projectile's kinetic energy, and molecules are ejected from the hot area around the hole that is made by the projectile. The yield, Y, of negative ions of deprotonated phenylalanine, (D8Phe-H)-, emitted in the transmission direction is 0.1 ions per projectile impact. To characterize the ejection and ionization of molecules, we have performed the experiments on emission of (D8Phe-H)- from the surface of bulk D8Phe (Y = 0.13) and from the single molecular layer of D8Phe deposited on bulk pyrolytic graphite (Y = 0.15). We show that, despite the similar yields of molecular ions, the scenario of the energy deposition and ejection of molecules is different for the case of graphene due to the confined volume of projectile-analyte interaction. The projectile impact on the graphene-D8Phe sample stimulates the collective radial movement of analyte atoms, which compresses the D8Phe layer radially from the hole. At the same time, this compression bends and stretches the graphene membrane around the hole thus accumulating potential energy. The accumulated potential energy is transformed into the kinetic energy of correlated movement upward for membrane atoms, thus the membrane acts as a trampoline for the molecules. The ejected molecules are effectively ionized; the ionization probability is ∼30× higher compared to that obtained for the bulk D8Phe target. The proposed mechanism of ionization involves tunneling of electrons from the vibrationally excited area around the hole to the molecules. Another proposed mechanism is a direct proton transfer exchange, which is suitable for a bulk target: ions of molecular fragments (i.e., CN-) generated in the impact area interact with intact molecules from the rim of this area. There is a direct proton exchange process for the system D8Phe molecule + CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | | | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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