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García-Fernández L, Bataller H, Fruton P, Giraudet C, Vailati A, Croccolo F. Stabilized convection in a ternary mixture with two Soret coefficients of opposite sign. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:52. [PMID: 35633426 PMCID: PMC9148296 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We performed ground-based experiments on the sample polystyrene-toluene-cyclohexane in order to complement the experimental activities in microgravity conditions related to the ESA projects DCMIX4 and Giant Fluctuations. After applying a stabilizing thermal gradient by heating from above a layer of the fluid mixture, we studied over many hours the density variations in the bidimensional horizontal field by means of a Shadowgraph optical setup. The resulting images evidence the appearance of convective instability after a diffusive time associated with the binary molecular solvent consisting of toluene and cyclohexane, confirming the negative sign of the Soret coefficient of this mixture. After a larger diffusive time related to mass diffusion of the polystyrene in the binary solvent, convection was suppressed by the increasing stabilizing density gradient originated by the Soret-induced concentration gradient of the polymer. This is compatible with a positive sign of the Soret coefficient of the polymer in the binary solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto García-Fernández
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Anglet, France
- Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), 2, Place Maurice Quentin, Paris, France
- Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henri Bataller
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Anglet, France
| | - Paul Fruton
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Anglet, France
| | - Cédric Giraudet
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Anglet, France
| | - Alberto Vailati
- Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Croccolo
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR5150, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Anglet, France
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Abstract
The Soret effect describes the transport of constituent species in multicomponent mixtures that occurs due to a temperature gradient. This cross-coupling effect of heat and mass transfer has been successfully examined in binary liquid mixtures, while experiments with ternary mixtures are rare as they impose significant difficulties. We introduce a new and innovative concept, the Soret vector, for the characterization of Soret driven separation in ternary mixtures. The presentation of the component separation in the vector form offers several advantages: (i) to predict the Soret sign of a ternary mixture from knowledge of the Soret coefficients in binary subsystems; (ii) to control consistency of measured coefficients, this is especially important when results are obtained using different instruments and methods; (iii) to determine in which regions and which components cause the greatest separation; (iv) to identify the regions where the Soret separation is inaccessible for optical techniques or gravitationally unstable. We demonstrate these features by exploring ternary mixtures of different origins: (a) nearly ideal mixture composed by THN–IBB–nC12 when Soret coefficients in binary subsystems (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$S_{T}^{bin}$$\end{document}STbin) are positive, (b) non-ideal mixture containing water and ethanol TEG–Wat–EtOH when \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$S_{T}^{bin}$$\end{document}STbin are positive and negative and (c) Tol–MeOH–Ch mixture containing demixing zone with positive and negative \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$S_{T}^{bin}$$\end{document}STbin. Our approach provides a promising systematic framework for the future research of an important and challenging problem of thermodiffusion in multicomponent liquids.
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Prokopev S, Lyubimova T, Mialdun A, Shevtsova V. A ternary mixture at the border of Soret separation stability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8466-8477. [PMID: 33876010 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ternary mixtures with the Soret effect are prone to triple-diffusive convection in a thermal field. The Soret coefficients of the toluene-methanol-cyclohexane mixture, measured in microgravity at a given composition [0.62-0.31-0.07] in mass fractions, showed that the net separation ratio, Ψ, the parameter responsible for the hydrodynamic stability in a gravity field is close to zero. Furthermore, the large cross-diffusion of toluene leads to a curious situation: the Soret coefficient ST1 is positive while the thermodiffusion coefficient DT1 is negative. The behavior of this ternary mixture on the border of stability, when Ψ is slightly negative or positive, is examined experimentally and numerically. The mixture is placed in an elongated cell between the differently heated walls. Depending on Ψ and the initial temperature of the liquid (mean temperature, linear profile or cold one), the evolution of concentration patterns are classified by four regimes. We observe the emergence of motionless, metastable, and convective patterns. In the case of Ψ > 0, it was found that cross-diffusion fluxes cause a temporarily unstable density pattern. The initially cold mixture at either Ψ sign shows dissimilar Soret separation in the upper and lower parts of the cell. It leads to the formation of a long-lived inverse density gradient at the upper part of the cell, which finally results in a motionless (Ψ > 0) or convective (Ψ < 0) pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Prokopev
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Perm, Russia
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Herrera-Castro F, Torres LA. Study of the solvation process of some pyrazole derivatives in three different solvents by solution calorimetry and IR spectroscopy: Unravelling solute-solvent interactions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mialdun A, Bataller H, Bou-Ali MM, Braibanti M, Croccolo F, Errarte A, Ezquerro JM, Fernández JJ, Gaponenko Y, García-Fernández L, Rodríguez J, Shevtsova V. Preliminary analysis of Diffusion Coefficient Measurements in ternary mIXtures 4 (DCMIX4) experiment on board the International Space Station. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:87. [PMID: 31290028 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the frame of the Diffusion Coefficient Measurements in ternary mIXtures 4 (DCMIX4) project the thermodiffusion experiments were conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument (SODI) which is on orbit since 2009. We describe the results of the preliminary analysis of images downloaded during the execution of DCMIX4 in order to check the quality of the running experiments and, if needed, adjust the experiment parameters for the following runs. The quick analysis of raw data showed that they are meaningful and will allow to obtain the transport coefficients of examined ternary and binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mialdun
- MRC, CP 165/62, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - H Bataller
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs, IPRA UMR5150 E2S-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) / CNRS / TOTAL, 1, Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - M M Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa (MGEP), Loramendi 4, Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - M Braibanti
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Croccolo
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs, IPRA UMR5150 E2S-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) / CNRS / TOTAL, 1, Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
| | - A Errarte
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa (MGEP), Loramendi 4, Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - J M Ezquerro
- E-USOC, Ciencias y Operaciones Aeroespaciales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Fernández
- E-USOC, Ciencias y Operaciones Aeroespaciales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu Gaponenko
- MRC, CP 165/62, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L García-Fernández
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs, IPRA UMR5150 E2S-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA) / CNRS / TOTAL, 1, Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES), 2, Place Maurice Quentin, 75001, Paris, France
| | - J Rodríguez
- E-USOC, Ciencias y Operaciones Aeroespaciales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Shevtsova
- MRC, CP 165/62, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Lyubimova TP, Prokopev SA. Nonlinear regimes of Soret-driven convection of ternary fluid with fixed vertical heat flux at the boundaries. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:76. [PMID: 31222532 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear regimes of the Soret-induced convection of a ternary mixture in a rectangular cavity with the vertical heat flux at the boundaries are studied numerically. Linear stability analysis performed earlier for a plane horizontal layer has shown that in a wide range of parameters the longwave instability is dominant. Nonlinear calculations performed in the present work for the parameter ranges where the monotonic longwave instability is dominant according to the linear stability analysis, show that at large supercriticalities the multi-vortex stationary flows could be realized. With the decrease of absolute value of the Rayleigh number Ra the series of flow structure transformations takes place. This transformation is accompanied by the decrease of a number of the vortices such that near the threshold the flow becomes two-vortex, i.e. the flow with maximum possible wavelength (minimum possible wave number) is realized. Thus, the nonlinear calculations confirm the conclusions of the linear stability analysis that the longwave instability is dominant. For the parameter ranges where according to the linear stability analysis the oscillatory longwave instability is dominant, the nonlinear calculations show that at small values of the net separation ratio the oscillatory regimes could be observed just in a narrow range of Ra close to the convection threshold and with the growth of net separation ratio the range of Ra where they can be observed is extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Lyubimova
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva St. 1, 614013, Perm, Russia.
- Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990, Perm, Russia.
| | - S A Prokopev
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva St. 1, 614013, Perm, Russia
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Herrera-Castro F, Torres LA. Understanding the solvation process and solute-solvent interactions of imidazole compounds in three different solvents through solution calorimetry and 1H NMR. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Šeta B, Lapeira E, Dubert D, Gavaldà F, Bou-Ali MM, Ruiz X. Separation under thermogravitational effects in binary mixtures. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:58. [PMID: 31089829 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, by using a parallelepipedic thermogravitational microcolumn, the temperature gradient influence on the stability of the flow has been examined, emphasizing mixtures with positive Soret coefficients. Experiments were conducted for DCMIX2 Toluene/Methanol and DCMIX3 Water/Ethanol binary subsystems because of their broad range of positive Soret values for high concentrations of methanol and ethanol, respectively. Two different mixtures have been studied here in order to confirm the thermogravitational stability of the mixtures. Experiments were compared with numerical simulations carried out using the open-source software platform OpenFOAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Šeta
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorganica, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Estela Lapeira
- Mondragon Unibersitatea, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing, Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - Diana Dubert
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorganica, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fina Gavaldà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorganica, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Mounir Bou-Ali
- Mondragon Unibersitatea, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing, Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - Xavier Ruiz
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorganica, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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9
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Triller T, Sommermann D, Schraml M, Sommer F, Lapeira E, Bou-Ali MM, Köhler W. The Soret effect in ternary mixtures of water+ethanol+triethylene glycol of equal mass fractions: Ground and microgravity experiments. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:27. [PMID: 30835000 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients of a symmetric ternary mixture with equal mass fractions of water, ethanol, and triethylene glycol have been performed by two-color optical beam deflection (2-OBD) and the thermogravitational column technique (TGC) in the laboratory and under microgravity conditions in the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument (SODI) aboard the International Space Station. The results from all three experimental techniques agree within the experimental error bars, which result mainly from the inversion of the contrast factor matrices. TGC shows by far the lowest, 2-OBD the highest error amplification. The microgravity measurements are in between. The agreement with the microgravity results shows that thermosolutal convection could be well controlled in the 2-OBD experiments by a proper orientation of the temperature gradient. Despite the different condition numbers, the results are invariant under the choice of the independent compositions. Based on the orientation of the confidence ellipsoid in the ternary composition diagram, not all coefficients are equally affected by experimental errors. Although there are appreciable uncertainties for water and ethanol, the Soret and the thermodiffusion coefficients of triethylene glycol could be obtained with a good accuracy due to the favorable orientation of the confidence ellipsoid. We have found that water behaves thermophobic, corresponding to a positive Soret coefficient, whereas both ethanol and triethylene glycol are thermophilic with negative Soret coefficients. This resembles the behaviour of the binary system ethanol/water above the ethanol concentration of the sign change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D Sommermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Schraml
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Sommer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E Lapeira
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - M M Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - W Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Kozlova S, Mialdun A, Ryzhkov I, Janzen T, Vrabec J, Shevtsova V. Do ternary liquid mixtures exhibit negative main Fick diffusion coefficients? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2140-2152. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Measured main Fick diffusion coefficients are throughout positive. However, they may appear to be negative after transformation to the molar reference frame, if the excess volume is significant and the experimental uncertainties of the cross diffusion coefficients are large.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kozlova
- Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
| | - A. Mialdun
- Microgravity Research Center
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 50, B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - I. Ryzhkov
- Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS
- Krasnoyarsk
- Russia
- Siberian Federal University
- Krasnoyarsk
| | - T. Janzen
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering
- Technical University Berlin
- 10587 Berlin
- Germany
| | - J. Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering
- Technical University Berlin
- 10587 Berlin
- Germany
| | - V. Shevtsova
- Microgravity Research Center
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 50, B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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Janzen T, Vrabec J. Diffusion Coefficients of a Highly Nonideal Ternary Liquid Mixture: Cyclohexane–Toluene–Methanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Janzen
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Janzen T, Zhang S, Mialdun A, Guevara-Carrion G, Vrabec J, He M, Shevtsova V. Mutual diffusion governed by kinetics and thermodynamics in the partially miscible mixture methanol + cyclohexane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:31856-31873. [PMID: 29171844 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To gain an understanding of the transport and thermodynamic behavior of the highly non-ideal mixture methanol + cyclohexane, three complementary approaches, i.e. experiment, molecular simulation and predictive equations, are employed. The temperature and composition dependence of different diffusion coefficients is studied around the miscibility gap at ambient pressure. On the one hand Fick diffusion coefficients are measured experimentally by interferometric probing and on the other hand Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients and intradiffusion coefficients are sampled by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation at five temperatures below the upper critical temperature of ∼319 K. The spinodal curve is determined from extrapolation of the experimental Fick diffusion coefficient data and compared to predictions from excess Gibbs energy models. It is found that these models are not capable to correctly describe the activity coefficients over the whole composition range of the studied mixture. Thus, different parameter sets for a modified Wilson model are used for calculations of the thermodynamic factor, which is needed to transform Maxwell-Stefan into Fick diffusion coefficients and vice versa. Further, predictive equations for the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficient, which are based on intradiffusion coefficients, are compared to simulation results. Using different approaches provides a clearer understanding of the relations between kinetic and thermodynamic properties contributing to the diffusion behavior of partially miscible mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Janzen
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology, University of Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Mialdun A, Ryzhkov I, Khlybov O, Lyubimova T, Shevtsova V. Measurement of Soret coefficients in a ternary mixture of toluene–methanol–cyclohexane in convection-free environment. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mialdun
- MRC, CP165/62, Université libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I. Ryzhkov
- Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, Federal Research Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50-44, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O. Khlybov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva St., 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - T. Lyubimova
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva St., 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
- Perm State University, Bukireva St., 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - V. Shevtsova
- MRC, CP165/62, Université libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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