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Bernad SI, Socoliuc V, Craciunescu I, Turcu R, Bernad ES. Field-Induced Agglomerations of Polyethylene-Glycol-Functionalized Nanoclusters: Rheological Behaviour and Optical Microscopy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2612. [PMID: 38004590 PMCID: PMC10675764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the agglomeration processes of magnetoresponsive functionalized nanocluster suspensions in a magnetic field, as well as how these structures impact the behaviour of these suspensions in biomedical applications. The synthesis, shape, colloidal stability, and magnetic characteristics of PEG-functionalized nanoclusters are described in this paper. Experiments using TEM, XPS, dynamic light scattering (DLS), VSM, and optical microscopy were performed to study chain-like agglomeration production and its influence on colloidal behaviour in physiologically relevant suspensions. The applied magnetic field aligns the magnetic moments of the nanoclusters. It provides an attraction between neighbouring particles, resulting in the formation of chains, linear aggregates, or agglomerates of clusters aligned along the applied field direction. Optical microscopy has been used to observe the creation of these aligned linear formations. The design of chain-like structures can cause considerable changes in the characteristics of ferrofluids, ranging from rheological differences to colloidal stability changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor I. Bernad
- Centre for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Str. 24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Centre for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Str. 24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Izabell Craciunescu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Rodica Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena S. Bernad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, P-ta Eftimie Murgu 2, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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2
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Vinod S, Philip J. Thermal and rheological properties of magnetic nanofluids: Recent advances and future directions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102729. [PMID: 35834910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Technological advancement and miniaturization of electronic gadgets fueled intense research on nanofluids as potential candidates for cooling applications as a substitute to conventional heat transfer fluids. Among nanofluids, magnetic nanofluids, traditionally known as ferrofluids have attracted a lot of attention owing to their magnetic field tunable thermal conductivity and rheological properties due to the aggregation of the magnetic nanoparticles into chains or columns in the presence of the magnetic field. The field-induced aggregates act as low resistance pathways thereby improving thermal transport substantially. Recent studies show that ferrofluids with smaller size and narrow size distribution display significant enhancement in thermal conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field with negligible viscosity enhancement, which is ideal for effective thermal management of electronic devices, especially in miniature electronic devices. On the contrary, highly polydisperse ferrofluids containing large aggregates, show modest enhancement in thermal conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field and a huge enhancement in viscosity. The most recent studies show that magnetic field ramp rate has a profound effect on aggregation kinetics and thermal and rheological properties. The viscosity enhancement under an external stimulus impedes their practical use in electronics cooling, which warrants the need to attain a high thermal conductivity to viscosity ratio, under a modest magnetic field. Though there are several reviews on heat transfer in nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids, a comprehensive review on fundamental understanding of field-induced thermal and rheological properties in magnetic fluids is missing in the literature. This review provides a pedagogical description of the fundamental understanding of field-induced thermal and rheological properties in magnetic fluids, with the necessary background, key concepts, definitions, mechanisms, theoretical models, experimental protocols, and design of experiments. Many important case studies are presented along with the experimental design aspects. The review also provides a summary of important experimental studies with key findings, along with the key challenges and future research directions. The review is an ideal material for experimentalists and theoreticians practicing in the field of magnetic fluids, and also serves as an excellent reference for freshers who indent to begin research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Vinod
- Smart Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - John Philip
- Smart Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Socoliuc V, Avdeev MV, Kuncser V, Turcu R, Tombácz E, Vékás L. Ferrofluids and bio-ferrofluids: looking back and stepping forward. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4786-4886. [PMID: 35297919 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids investigated along for about five decades are ultrastable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles, which manifest simultaneously fluid and magnetic properties. Their magnetically controllable and tunable feature proved to be from the beginning an extremely fertile ground for a wide range of engineering applications. More recently, biocompatible ferrofluids attracted huge interest and produced a considerable increase of the applicative potential in nanomedicine, biotechnology and environmental protection. This paper offers a brief overview of the most relevant early results and a comprehensive description of recent achievements in ferrofluid synthesis, advanced characterization, as well as the governing equations of ferrohydrodynamics, the most important interfacial phenomena and the flow properties. Finally, it provides an overview of recent advances in tunable and adaptive multifunctional materials derived from ferrofluids and a detailed presentation of the recent progress of applications in the field of sensors and actuators, ferrofluid-driven assembly and manipulation, droplet technology, including droplet generation and control, mechanical actuation, liquid computing and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Socoliuc
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - M V Avdeev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Reg., Russia.
| | - V Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Rodica Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Moszkvai krt. 5-7, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- University of Pannonia - Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, H-8800 Zrínyi M. str. 18, Nagykanizsa, Hungary
| | - L Vékás
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
- Politehnica University of Timisoara, Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania
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Queiros Campos J, Boulares M, Raboisson-Michel M, Verger-Dubois G, García Fernández JM, Godeau G, Kuzhir P. Improved Magneto-Microfluidic Separation of Nanoparticles through Formation of the β-Cyclodextrin-Curcumin Inclusion Complex. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14345-14359. [PMID: 34855402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular adsorption to the nanoparticle surface may switch the colloidal interactions from repulsive to attractive and promote nanoparticle agglomeration. If the nanoparticles are magnetic, then their agglomerates exhibit a much stronger response to external magnetic fields than individual nanoparticles. Coupling between adsorption, agglomeration, and magnetism allows a synergy between the high specific area of nanoparticles (∼100 m2/g) and their easy guidance or separation by magnetic fields. This yet poorly explored concept is believed to overcome severe restrictions for several biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles related to their poor magnetic remote control. In this paper, we test this concept using curcumin (CUR) binding (adsorption) to β-cyclodextrin (βCD)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). CUR adsorption is governed by host-guest hydrophobic interactions with βCD through the formation of 1:1 and, possibly, 2:1 βCD:CUR inclusion complexes on the IONP surface. A 2:1 stoichiometry is supposed to promote IONP primary agglomeration, facilitating the formation of the secondary needle-like agglomerates under external magnetic fields and their magneto-microfluidic separation. The efficiency of these field-induced processes increases with CUR concentration and βCD surface density, while their relatively short timescale (<5 min) is compatible with magnetic drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Queiros Campos
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI) - Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France
| | - M Boulares
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Centre des Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE) Technopole de Borj-Cédria, Route touristique de Soliman BPn° 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
| | - M Raboisson-Michel
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI) - Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France
- Axlepios Biomedical, 1st Avenue, 5th Street, Carros 06510, France
| | - G Verger-Dubois
- Axlepios Biomedical, 1st Avenue, 5th Street, Carros 06510, France
| | - J M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Qumicas, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Amrico Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - G Godeau
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI) - Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France
| | - P Kuzhir
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI) - Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France
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Queiros Campos J, Checa-Fernandez BL, Marins JA, Lomenech C, Hurel C, Godeau G, Raboisson-Michel M, Verger-Dubois G, Bee A, Talbot D, Kuzhir P. Adsorption of Organic Dyes on Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Part II: Field-Induced Nanoparticle Agglomeration and Magnetic Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10612-10623. [PMID: 34436906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper (part II) is devoted to the effect of molecular adsorption on the surface of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) on the enhancement of their (secondary) field-induced agglomeration and magnetic separation. Experimentally, we use Methylene Blue (MB) cationic dye adsorption on citrate-coated maghemite nanoparticles to provoke primary agglomeration of IONP in the absence of the field. The secondary agglomeration is manifested through the appearance of needlelike micron-sized agglomerates in the presence of an applied magnetic field. With the increasing amount of adsorbed MB molecules, the size of the field-induced agglomerates increases and the magnetic separation on a magnetized micropillar becomes more efficient. These effects are mainly governed by the ratio of magnetic-to-thermal energy α, suspension supersaturation Δ0, and Brownian diffusivity Deff of primary agglomerates. The three parameters (α, Δ0, and Deff) are implicitly related to the surface coverage θ of IONP by MB molecules through the hydrodynamic size of primary agglomerates exponentially increasing with θ. Experiments and developed theoretical models allow quantitative evaluation of the θ effect on the efficiency of the secondary agglomeration and magnetic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Queiros Campos
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - B L Checa-Fernandez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) and Tecnun, University of Navarra, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J A Marins
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - C Lomenech
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Ch Hurel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - G Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - M Raboisson-Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
- Axlepios Biomedical, 1ere Avenue 5eme rue, 06510 Carros, France
| | - G Verger-Dubois
- Axlepios Biomedical, 1ere Avenue 5eme rue, 06510 Carros, France
| | - A Bee
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D Talbot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Kuzhir
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
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Mohapatra DK, Camp PJ, Philip J. Influence of size polydispersity on magnetic field tunable structures in magnetic nanofluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3573-3592. [PMID: 36133709 PMCID: PMC9419785 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We probe the influence of particle size polydispersity on field-induced structures and structural transitions in magnetic fluids (ferrofluids) using phase contrast optical microscopy, light scattering and Brownian dynamics simulations. Three different ferrofluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles of different polydispersity indices (PDIs) are used. In a ferrofluid with a high PDI (∼0.79), thin chains, thick chains, and sheets are formed on increasing the in-plane magnetic field, whereas isotropic bubbles, and hexagonal and lamellar/stripe structures are formed on increasing the out-of-plane magnetic field over the same range. In contrast, no field-induced aggregates are seen in the sample with low polydispersity under the above conditions. In a polydisperse sample, bubbles are formed at a very low magnetic field strength of 30 G. Insights into the structural evolution with increasing magnetic field strength are obtained by carrying out Brownian dynamics simulations. The crossovers from isotropic, through hexagonal columnar, to lamellar/stripe structures observed with increasing field strength in the high-polydispersity sample indicate the prominent roles of large, more strongly interacting particles in structural transitions in ferrofluids. Based on the observed microstructures, a phase diagram is constructed. Our work opens up new opportunities to develop optical devices and access diverse structures by tuning size polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillip Kumar Mohapatra
- Smart Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam-603102 India
| | - Philip J Camp
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ Scotland UK
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University 51 Lenin Avenue Ekaterinburg 620000 Russia
| | - John Philip
- Smart Materials Section, Corrosion Science and Technology Division, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam-603102 India
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7
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Raboisson-Michel M, Queiros Campos J, Schaub S, Zubarev A, Verger-Dubois G, Kuzhir P. Kinetics of field-induced phase separation of a magnetic colloid under rotating magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Raboisson-Michel
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
- Axlepios Biomedical, 1ere Avenue 5eme rue, 06510 Carros, France
| | - J. Queiros Campos
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - S. Schaub
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, Developmental Biology Laboratory (LBDV), Quai de la Darse, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France
| | - A. Zubarev
- Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Department, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave., 51, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - P. Kuzhir
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institute of Physics of Nice, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
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Ivanov AO, Zubarev A. Chain Formation and Phase Separation in Ferrofluids: The Influence on Viscous Properties. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183956. [PMID: 32906703 PMCID: PMC7559013 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferrofluids have attracted considerable interest from researchers and engineers due to their rich set of unique physical properties that are valuable for many industrial and biomedical applications. Many phenomena and features of ferrofluids' behavior are determined by internal structural transformations in the ensembles of particles, which occur due to the magnetic interaction between the particles. An applied magnetic field induces formations, such as linear chains and bulk columns, that become elongated along the field. In turn, these structures dramatically change the rheological and other physical properties of these fluids. A deep and clear understanding of the main features and laws of the transformations is necessary for the understanding and explanation of the macroscopic properties and behavior of ferrofluids. In this paper, we present an overview of experimental and theoretical works on the internal transformations in these systems, as well as on the effect of the internal structures on the rheological effects in the fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O. Ivanov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave. 51, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Zubarev
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave. 51, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-343-2160-765
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Vinod S, Camp PJ, Philip J. Observation of soft glassy behavior in a magnetic colloid exposed to an external magnetic field. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7126-7136. [PMID: 32661528 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first experimental evidence for soft glassy behavior in a sterically stabilized magnetic colloid (ferrofluid) of relatively low volume fraction (φ = 0.037) when a uniform magnetic field is applied at a sufficiently high rate (fast quench). Fast magnetic-field quenches favor structural arrest of field-induced aggregates, owing to insufficient time to settle into lower energy states, thereby pushing the system to a frustrated metastable configuration like a repulsive glass. Brownian dynamics simulations are used to show that the polydisperse ferrofluid (as in experiments) forms thick ropes aligned along the field direction, while a monodisperse ferrofluid does not. The simulations show that there is practically no ordering of the thin, monodisperse chains, while the thick, polydisperse ropes show positional ordering with a typical center-center separation between the particles in different ropes of about 0.39 μm. As a consequence of structural arrest, the ferrofluid exhibits aging with broken time-translational invariance, a hallmark of glassy dynamics. The superposition of strain and creep compliance curves obtained from rheological measurements at different waiting times in the effective time domain corroborates the soft glassy behavior when exposed to a magnetic field applied at a fast ramp rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Vinod
- Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
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Mohapatra DK, Laskar JM, Philip J. Temporal evolution of equilibrium and non-equilibrium magnetic field driven microstructures in a magnetic fluid. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Vinod S, Philip J. Impact of field ramp rate on magnetic field assisted thermal transport in ferrofluids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Darras A, Opsomer E, Vandewalle N, Lumay G. Effect of volume fraction on chains of superparamagnetic colloids at equilibrium. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:123. [PMID: 31512004 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For a few decades, the influence of a magnetic field on the aggregation process of superparamagnetic colloids has been well known on short time scale. However, the accurate study of the equilibrium state is still challenging on some aspects. On the numerical aspect, current simulations have only access to a restricted set of experimental conditions due to the computational cost of long-range interactions in many-body systems. In the present paper, we numerically explore a new range of parameters thanks to sped up numerical simulations validated by a recent experimental and numerical study. We first show that our simulations reproduce results from previous study in well-established conditions. Then we show that unexpectedly long chains are observed for higher volume fractions and intermediate fields. We also present theoretical developments taking into account the interaction between the chains which are able to reproduce the data that we obtained with our simulations. We finally confirm this model thanks to experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darras
- GRASP - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- F.R.S.-FRNS, B-1000, Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - E Opsomer
- GRASP - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Lumay
- GRASP - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Ezzaier H, Marins JA, Claudet C, Hemery G, Sandre O, Kuzhir P. Kinetics of Aggregation and Magnetic Separation of Multicore Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of the Grafted Layer Thickness. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E623. [PMID: 30126110 PMCID: PMC6116255 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied field-induced aggregation and magnetic separation-realized in a microfluidic channel equipped with a single magnetizable micropillar-of multicore iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) also called "nanoflowers" of an average size of 27 ± 4 nm and covered by either a citrate or polyethylene (PEG) monolayer having a thickness of 0.2⁻1 nm and 3.4⁻7.8 nm, respectively. The thickness of the adsorbed molecular layer is shown to strongly affect the magnetic dipolar coupling parameter because thicker molecular layers result in larger separation distances between nanoparticle metal oxide multicores thus decreasing dipolar magnetic forces between them. This simple geometrical constraint effect leads to the following important features related to the aggregation and magnetic separation processes: (a) Thinner citrate layer on the IONP surface promotes faster and stronger field-induced aggregation resulting in longer and thicker bulk needle-like aggregates as compared to those obtained with a thicker PEG layer; (b) A stronger aggregation of citrated IONPs leads to an enhanced retention capacity of these IONPs by a magnetized micropillar during magnetic separation. However, the capture efficiency Λ at the beginning of the magnetic separation seems to be almost independent of the adsorbed layer thickness. This is explained by the fact that only a small portion of nanoparticles composes bulk aggregates, while the main part of nanoparticles forms chains whose capture efficiency is independent of the adsorbed layer thickness but depends solely on the Mason number Ma. More precisely, the capture efficiency shows a power law trend Λ ∝ M a−n, with n ≈ 1.4⁻1.7 at 300 < Ma < 10⁴, in agreement with a new theoretical model. Besides these fundamental issues, the current work shows that the multicore IONPs with a size of about 30 nm have a good potential for use in biomedical sensor applications where an efficient low-field magnetic separation is required. In these applications, the nanoparticle surface design should be carried out in a close feedback with the magnetic separation study in order to find a compromise between biological functionalities of the adsorbed molecular layer and magnetic separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Ezzaier
- CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), University Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
- Laboratory of Physics of Lamellar Materials and Hybrid Nano-Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia.
| | - Jéssica Alves Marins
- CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), University Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Cyrille Claudet
- CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), University Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Gauvin Hemery
- CNRS UMR 5629, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France.
| | - Olivier Sandre
- CNRS UMR 5629, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France.
| | - Pavel Kuzhir
- CNRS UMR 7010 Institute of Physics of Nice (INPHYNI), University Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
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Neville F, Moreno-Atanasio R. Influence of Shell Thickness on the Colloidal Stability of Magnetic Core-Shell Particle Suspensions. Front Chem 2018; 6:201. [PMID: 29922646 PMCID: PMC5996203 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a Discrete Element study of the behavior of magnetic core-shell particles in which the properties of the core and the shell are explicitly defined. Particle cores were considered to be made of pure iron and thus possessed ferromagnetic properties, while particle shells were considered to be made of silica. Core sizes ranged between 0.5 and 4.0 μm with the actual particle size of the core-shell particles in the range between 0.6 and 21 μm. The magnetic cores were considered to have a magnetization of one tenth of the saturation magnetization of iron. This study aimed to understand how the thickness of the shell hinders the formation of particle chains. Chain formation was studied with different shell thicknesses and particle sizes in the presence and absence of an electrical double layer force in order to investigate the effect of surface charge density on the magnetic core-shell particle interactions. For core sizes of 0.5 and 4.0 μm the relative shell thicknesses needed to hinder the aggregation process were approximately 0.4 and 0.6 respectively, indicating that larger core sizes are detrimental to be used in applications in which no flocculation is needed. In addition, the presence of an electrical double layer, for values of surface charge density of less than 20 mC/m2, could stop the contact between particles without hindering their vertical alignment. Only when the shell thickness was considerably larger, was the electrical double layer able to contribute to the full disruption of the magnetic flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Neville
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Jin D, Kim H. Agglomeration Dynamics of Magnetite Nanoparticles at Low Magnetic Field Gradient. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daeseong Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Taejeon 34134 South Korea
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungnam National University; Taejeon 34134 South Korea
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Experimental evidence for the significant role of initial cluster size and liquid confinement on thermo-physical properties of magnetic nanofluids under applied magnetic field. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Darras A, Opsomer E, Vandewalle N, Lumay G. Superparamagnetic colloids in viscous fluids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7778. [PMID: 28798403 PMCID: PMC5552745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of a magnetic field on the aggregation process of superparamagnetic colloids has been well known on short time for a few decades. However, the influence of important parameters, such as viscosity of the liquid, has received only little attention. Moreover, the equilibrium state reached after a long time is still challenging on some aspects. Indeed, recent experimental measurements show deviations from pure analytical models in extreme conditions. Furthermore, current simulations would require several years of computing time to reach equilibrium state under those conditions. In the present paper, we show how viscosity influences the characteristic time of the aggregation process, with experimental measurements in agreement with previous theories on transient behaviour. Afterwards, we performed numerical simulations on equivalent systems with lower viscosities. Below a critical value of viscosity, a transition to a new aggregation regime is observed and analysed. We noticed this result can be used to reduce the numerical simulation time from several orders of magnitude, without modifying the intrinsic physical behaviour of the particles. However, it also implies that, for high magnetic fields, granular gases could have a very different behaviour from colloidal liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darras
- GRASP, CESAM - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- F.R.S.-FRNS, B-1000, Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - E Opsomer
- GRASP, CESAM - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, MSC, CNRS (UMR 7057), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP, CESAM - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Lumay
- GRASP, CESAM - Physics Department, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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