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Emiroglu DB, Bekcic A, Dranseikiene D, Zhang X, Zambelli T, deMello AJ, Tibbitt MW. Building block properties govern granular hydrogel mechanics through contact deformations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8570. [PMID: 36525484 PMCID: PMC9757745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granular hydrogels have been increasingly exploited in biomedical applications, including wound healing and cardiac repair. Despite their utility, design guidelines for engineering their macroscale properties remain limited, as we do not understand how the properties of granular hydrogels emerge from collective interactions of their microgel building blocks. In this work, we related building block features (stiffness and size) to the macroscale properties of granular hydrogels using contact mechanics. We investigated the mechanics of the microgel packings through dynamic oscillatory rheology. In addition, we modeled the system as a collection of two-body interactions and applied the Zwanzig and Mountain formula to calculate the plateau modulus and viscosity of the granular hydrogels. The calculations agreed with the dynamic mechanical measurements and described how microgel properties and contact deformations define the rheology of granular hydrogels. These results support a rational design framework for improved engineering of this fascinating class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Börte Emiroglu
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Bekcic
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dalia Dranseikiene
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETHZurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Cárdenas-Barrantes M, Cantor D, Barés J, Renouf M, Azéma E. Three-dimensional compaction of soft granular packings. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:312-321. [PMID: 34878475 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the compaction behavior of assemblies composed of soft (elastic) spherical particles beyond the jammed state, using three-dimensional non-smooth contact dynamic simulations. The assemblies of particles are characterized using the evolution of the packing fraction, the coordination number, and the von Misses stress distribution within the particles as the confining stress increases. The packing fraction increases and tends toward a maximum value close to 1, and the mean coordination number increases as a square root of the packing fraction. As the confining stress increases, a transition is observed from a granular-like material with exponential tails of the shear stress distributions to a continuous-like material characterized by Gaussian-like distributions of the shear stresses. We develop an equation that describes the evolution of the packing fraction as a function of the applied pressure. This equation, based on the micromechanical expression of the granular stress tensor, the limit of the Hertz contact law for small deformation, and the power-law relation between the packing fraction and the coordination of the particles, provides good predictions from the jamming point up to very high densities without the need for tuning any parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cárdenas-Barrantes
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire de Micromécanique et Intégrité des Structures (MIST), UM, CNRS, IRSN, France
| | - David Cantor
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique, 2500, Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Barés
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mathieu Renouf
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire de Micromécanique et Intégrité des Structures (MIST), UM, CNRS, IRSN, France
| | - Emilien Azéma
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire de Micromécanique et Intégrité des Structures (MIST), UM, CNRS, IRSN, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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3
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Cristófaro L, Falcioni S, Binda L, Roht YL, Drazer G, Ippolito I. Swelling of a granular hydrogel medium under confinement: individual and collective dynamic. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124905005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth dynamics of polyacrylamide hydrogel beads due to liquid absorption under geometric confinement is studied. First, the behavior of individual hydrogel beads is investigated and, subsequently, the growth dynamics is analyzed in the presence of several interacting beads of the same material. In both, individual and collective studies, the magnitude of the geometric confinement is varied, in order to investigate the effect that the stress applied on the particles has on their hydration kinetics.
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Farmani Z, Wang J, Stannarius R, Bieberle M, Barthel F, Hampel U, Dijksman JA. Improved evaluation of granular media flows using an X-ray scanning compatible cone-plate setup. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124903020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the typically heterogeneous flowing behavior of granular materials, it is important to combine flow tests with three-dimensional imaging. To probe the flow behavior of granular materials over a wide range of flow rates, it is imperative to be able to impose such flow rates in a well controlled manner while performing imaging tests that are compatible with all imposed flow rates. Achieving both flow control and bulk imaging capacity is challenging for a number of reasons. Here, we describe the design of a setup in which we are able to do imaging while imposing a constant overall shear rate on a granular material. We characterize the setup in which flow tests will be performed, which consists of a bottom-driven cone-plate or double-cone design. We show that the setup can be integrated in x-ray microtomography devices to aid particle tracking based flow measurements. The design is also compatible with typical rheometer setups. We also perform high speed imaging of a granular flow in an ultra-fast x-ray scanner, for which we provide proof-of-principle data in a simplified shear setup. The designed flow geometry is also compatible with said high speed imaging facility, where particle image velocimetry can be employed to extract quantitative flow field data.
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5
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Cárdenas-Barrantes M, Cantor D, Barés J, Renouf M, Azéma E. Compaction of mixtures of rigid and highly deformable particles: A micromechanical model. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032904. [PMID: 33075867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the isotropic compaction of mixtures composed of rigid and deformable incompressible particles by the nonsmooth contact dynamics approach. The deformable bodies are simulated using a hyperelastic neo-Hookean constitutive law by means of classical finite elements. We characterize the evolution of the packing fraction, the elastic modulus, and the connectivity as a function of the applied stresses when varying the interparticle coefficient of friction. We show first that the packing fraction increases and tends asymptotically to a maximum value ϕ_{max}, which depends on both the mixture ratio and the interparticle friction. The bulk modulus is also shown to increase with the packing fraction and to diverge as it approaches ϕ_{max}. From the micromechanical expression of the granular stress tensor, we develop a model to describe the compaction behavior as a function of the applied pressure, the Young modulus of the deformable particles, and the mixture ratio. A bulk equation is also derived from the compaction equation. This model lays on the characterization of a single deformable particle under compression together with a power-law relation between connectivity and packing fraction. This compaction model, set by well-defined physical quantities, results in outstanding predictions from the jamming point up to very high densities and allows us to give a direct prediction of ϕ_{max} as a function of both the mixture ratio and the friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cantor
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Barés
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Renouf
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilien Azéma
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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6
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Cantor D, Cárdenas-Barrantes M, Preechawuttipong I, Renouf M, Azéma E. Compaction Model for Highly Deformable Particle Assemblies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:208003. [PMID: 32501060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.208003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The compaction behavior of deformable grain assemblies beyond jamming remains bewildering, and existing models that seek to find the relationship between the confining pressure P and solid fraction ϕ end up settling for empirical strategies or fitting parameters. Using a coupled discrete-finite element method, we analyze assemblies of highly deformable frictional grains under compression. We show that the solid fraction evolves nonlinearly from the jamming point and asymptotically tends to unity. Based on the micromechanical definition of the granular stress tensor, we develop a theoretical model, free from ad hoc parameters, correctly mapping the evolution of ϕ with P. Our approach unveils the fundamental features of the compaction process arising from the joint evolution of grain connectivity and the behavior of single representative grains. This theoretical framework also allows us to deduce a bulk modulus equation showing an excellent agreement with our numerical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Itthichai Preechawuttipong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mathieu Renouf
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Emilien Azéma
- LMGC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
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7
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Barés J, Brodu N, Zheng H, Dijksman JA. Transparent experiments: releasing data from mechanical tests on three dimensional hydrogel sphere packings. GRANULAR MATTER 2019; 22:21. [PMID: 31929730 PMCID: PMC6934235 DOI: 10.1007/s10035-019-0985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe here experiments on the mechanics of hydrogel particle packings from the Behringer lab, performed between 2012 and 2015. These experiments quantify the evolution of all contact forces inside soft particle packings exposed to compression, shear, and the intrusion of a large intruder. The experimental set-ups and processes are presented and the data are concomitantly published in a repository (Barés et al. in Dryad, Dataset 10.5061/dryad.6djh9w0x8, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barés
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Cho HJ, Datta SS. Scaling Law for Cracking in Shrinkable Granular Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:158004. [PMID: 31702300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.158004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated granular packings often crack into discrete clusters of grains when dried. Despite its ubiquity, an accurate prediction of cracking remains elusive. Here, we elucidate the previously overlooked role of individual grain shrinkage-a feature common to many materials-in determining crack patterning using both experiments and simulations. By extending classical Griffith crack theory, we obtain a scaling law that quantifies how cluster size depends on the interplay between grain shrinkage, stiffness, and size-applicable to a diverse array of shrinkable granular packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jeremy Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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9
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Cho HJ, Lu NB, Howard MP, Adams RA, Datta SS. Crack formation and self-closing in shrinkable, granular packings. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4689-4702. [PMID: 31119245 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many clays, soils, biological tissues, foods, and coatings are shrinkable, granular materials: they are composed of packed, hydrated grains that shrink when dried. In many cases, these packings crack during drying, critically hindering applications. However, while cracking has been widely studied for bulk gels and packings of non-shrinkable grains, little is known about how packings of shrinkable grains crack. Here, we elucidate how grain shrinkage alters cracking during drying. Using experiments with model shrinkable hydrogel beads, we show that differential shrinkage can dramatically alter crack evolution during drying-in some cases, even causing cracks to spontaneously "self-close". In other cases, packings shrink without cracking or crack irreversibly. We developed both granular and continuum models to quantify the interplay between grain shrinkage, poromechanics, packing size, drying rate, capillarity, and substrate friction on cracking. Guided by the theory, we also found that cracking can be completely altered by varying the spatial profile of drying. Our work elucidates the rich physics underlying cracking in shrinkable, granular packings, and yields new strategies for controlling crack evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jeremy Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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10
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Leong AFT, Asare E, Rex R, Xiao XH, Ramesh KT, Hufnagel TC. Determination of size distributions of non-spherical pores or particles from single x-ray phase contrast images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17322-17347. [PMID: 31252944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although x-ray tomography is commonly used to characterize the three-dimensional structure of materials, sometimes this is impractical due either to limited time for data collection (such as in rapidly-evolving systems) or the need to limit the radiation exposure of the sample. In such situations, it is desirable to extract as much information as possible from a more limited data set. In this paper, we describe how to extract the size distribution of non-spherical pores (or, equivalently, particles) from single x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI). Because the pores overlap in projection, interpreting the images and extracting quantitative information about the size distribution is non-trivial. In this paper we extend a previously-developed Fourier-based framework for interpreting the speckle pattern of XPCI images from materials with spherical pores to the more challenging case of non-spherical pores. We develop an analytical expression for the XPCI image from a distribution of randomly-oriented ellipsoidal pores, and show that we can use this expression to extract quantitative information about the size distribution from single images. We discuss three approaches to evaluating this expression, corresponding to different assumptions about the nature of the size distribution, and validate our results with simulated XPCI images and experimental data from Berea sandstone.
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11
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Ma L, Shi Y, Siemianowski O, Yuan B, Egner TK, Mirnezami SV, Lind KR, Ganapathysubramanian B, Venditti V, Cademartiri L. Hydrogel-based transparent soils for root phenotyping in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11063-11068. [PMID: 31088969 PMCID: PMC6561166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820334116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root phenotypes are increasingly explored as predictors of crop performance but are still challenging to characterize. Media that mimic field conditions (e.g., soil, sand) are opaque to most forms of radiation, while transparent media do not provide field-relevant growing conditions and phenotypes. We describe here a "transparent soil" formed by the spherification of hydrogels of biopolymers. It is specifically designed to support root growth in the presence of air, water, and nutrients, and allows the time-resolved phenotyping of roots in vivo by both photography and microscopy. The roots developed by soybean plants in this medium are significantly more similar to those developed in real soil than those developed in hydroponic conditions and do not show signs of hypoxia. Lastly, we show that the granular nature and tunable properties of these hydrogel beads can be leveraged to investigate the response of roots to gradients in water availability and soil stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yichao Shi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Oskar Siemianowski
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Timothy K Egner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Seyed Vahid Mirnezami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Kara R Lind
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - Vincenzo Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ludovico Cademartiri
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011;
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011
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12
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Behringer RP, Chakraborty B. The physics of jamming for granular materials: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:012601. [PMID: 30132446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aadc3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Granular materials consist of macroscopic grains, interacting via contact forces, and unaffected by thermal fluctuations. They are one of a class systems that undergo jamming, i.e. a transition between fluid-like and disordered solid-like states. Roughly twenty years ago, proposals by Cates et al for the shear response of colloidal systems and by Liu and Nagel, for a universal jamming diagram in a parameter space of packing fraction, ϕ, shear stress, τ, and temperature, T raised key questions. Contemporaneously, experiments by Howell et al and numerical simulations by Radjai et al and by Luding et al helped provide a starting point to explore key insights into jamming for dry, cohesionless, granular materials. A recent experimental observation by Bi et al is that frictional granular materials have a a re-entrant region in their jamming diagram. In a range of ϕ, applying shear strain, γ, from an initially force/stress free state leads to fragile (in the sense of Cates et al), then anisotropic shear jammed states. Shear jamming at fixed ϕ is presumably conjugate to Reynolds dilatancy, involving dilation under shear against deformable boundaries. Numerical studies by Radjai and Roux showed that Reynolds dilatancy does not occur for frictionless systems. Recent numerical studies by several groups show that shear jamming occurs for finite, but not infinite, systems of frictionless grains. Shear jamming does not lead to known ordering in position space, but Sarkar et al showed that ordering occurs in a space of force tiles. Experimental studies seeking to understand random loose and random close packings (rlp and rcp) and dating back to Bernal have probed granular packings and their response to shear and intruder motion. These studies suggest that rlp's are anisotropic and shear-jammed-like, whereas rcp's are likely isotropically jammed states. Jammed states are inherently static, but the jamming diagram may provide a context for understanding rheology, i.e. dynamic shear in a variety of systems that include granular materials and suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Behringer
- Department of Physics & Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America. Dr Robert Behringer passed away in July 2018
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13
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Salili SM, Harrington M, Durian DJ. Note: Eliminating stripe artifacts in light-sheet fluorescence imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:036107. [PMID: 29604752 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report two techniques to mitigate stripe artifacts in light-sheet fluorescence imaging. The first uses an image processing algorithm called the multidirectional stripe remover method to filter stripes from an existing image. The second uses an elliptical holographic diffuser with strong scattering anisotropy to prevent stripe formation during image acquisition. These techniques facilitate accurate interpretation of image data, especially in denser samples. They are also facile and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Salili
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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14
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Amon A, Born P, Daniels KE, Dijksman JA, Huang K, Parker D, Schröter M, Stannarius R, Wierschem A. Publisher's Note: "Preface: Focus on imaging methods in granular physics" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 051701 (2017)]. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:079901. [PMID: 28764498 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Amon
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Huang
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wierschem
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Weis S, Schröter M. Analyzing X-ray tomographies of granular packings. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:051809. [PMID: 28571396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Starting from three-dimensional volume data of a granular packing, as, e.g., obtained by X-ray Computed Tomography, we discuss methods to first detect the individual particles in the sample and then analyze their properties. This analysis includes the pair correlation function, the volume and shape of the Voronoi cells, and the number and type of contacts formed between individual particles. We mainly focus on packings of monodisperse spheres, but we will also comment on other monoschematic particles such as ellipsoids and tetrahedra. This paper is accompanied by a package of free software containing all programs (including source code) and an example three-dimensional dataset which allows the reader to reproduce and modify all examples given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weis
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Amon A, Born P, Daniels KE, Dijksman JA, Huang K, Parker D, Schröter M, Stannarius R, Wierschem A. Preface: Focus on imaging methods in granular physics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:051701. [PMID: 28571403 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Amon
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Huang
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wierschem
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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