1
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Antonelli R, Fokkink R, Sprakel J, Kodger TE. Dynamics of individual inkjet printed picoliter droplet elucidated by high speed laser speckle imaging. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2141-2150. [PMID: 38351843 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Inkjet printing is a ubiquitous consumer and industrial process that involves concomitant processes of droplet impact, wetting, evaporation, and imbibement into a substrate as well as consequential substrate rearrangements and remodeling. In this work, we perform a study on the interaction between ink dispersions of different composition on substrates of increasing complexity to disentangle the motion of the liquid from the dynamic response of the substrate. We print three variations of pigmented inks and follow the ensuing dynamics at millisecond and micron time and length scales until complete drying using a multiple scattering technique, laser speckle imaging (LSI). Measurements of the photon transport mean free path, l*, for the printed inks and substrates show that the spatial region of information capture is the entire droplet volume and a depth within the substrate of a few μm beneath the droplet. Within this spatial confinement, LSI is an ideal approach for studying the solid-liquid transition at these small length and time scales by obtaining valid g2 and d2 autocorrelation functions and interpreting these dynamic changes under through kymographs. Our in situ LSI results show that droplets undergo delamination and cracking processes arising during droplet drying, which are confirmed by post mortem SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Antonelli
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Kodger
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Zhang S, Peuser J, Zhang C, Cardinaux F, Zakharov P, Skipetrov SE, Cerbino R, Scheffold F. Echo speckle imaging of dynamic processes in soft materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30991-31001. [PMID: 36242192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a laser-speckle imaging technique, termed Echo speckle imaging (ESI), that quantifies the local dynamics in biological tissue and soft materials with a noise level around or below 10% of the measured signal without affecting the spatial resolution. We achieve this through an unconventional speckle beam illumination that creates changing, statistically independent illumination conditions and substantially increases the measurement accuracy. Control experiments for dynamically homogeneous and heterogeneous soft materials and tissue phantoms illustrate the performance of the method. We show that this approach enables us to precision-monitor purely dynamic heterogeneities in turbid soft media with a lateral resolution of 100 µm and better.
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3
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Ju J, Sekimoto K, Cipelletti L, Creton C, Narita T. Heterogeneous nucleation of creases in swelling polymer gels. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034504. [PMID: 35428111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface creasing is a common occurrence in gels under strong enough compression. The transition from smooth to creased surface has been well studied in equilibrium conditions and applied to achieve stimuli-responsive properties. Classical predictions of the creased state, assuming the gel is at equilibrium and homogeneous, are generally satisfactory, while the transient behavior in swelling gels is often far from equilibrium and is commonly heterogeneous. The short-time response is essential for materials in dynamic environments, but it remains unreported and largely unknown due to the limited temporal resolution of the techniques used so far. Here, we use spatially resolved multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS) with submicrosecond time resolution to measure the spatially dependent swelling and creasing of a constrained poly (vinyl alcohol) chemical gel in borax solutions of varying concentrations. Our high-speed imaging by MSDWS shows that the swelling behavior and mechanical response at the microscopic level can be highly heterogeneous in time and space, and is detectable hundreds of seconds before the corresponding macroscopic creasing transition. This unprecedented visualization of the heterogeneous and time-dependent behavior beyond equilibrium morphological changes unveils the full complexity of the transient material response after exposure to external stimuli and sheds light on the formation mechanism of metastable states in transient processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Ju
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Ken Sekimoto
- Gulliver, CNRS-UMR7083, ESPCI, 75231 Paris, France
- Matières et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS-UMR7057, Université Paris-Diderot, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75231 Paris, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, ESPCI Paris, PSL Université, 75231 Paris, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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4
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Mikhailovskaya A, Fade J, Crassous J. Probing nonaffine expansion with light scattering. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:055004. [PMID: 34942711 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In disordered materials under mechanical stress, the induced deformation can deviate from the affine one, even in the elastic regime. The nonaffine contribution was observed and characterized in numerical simulations for various systems and reported experimentally in colloidal gels. However, low amplitude of nonaffinity and its local character makes the experimental study challenging. We present a method based on the phase compensation of the wave scattered from a thermally dilated amorphous material using fine wavelength tuning of the optical probe beam. Using a glass frit as a sample, we ensure complete reversibility of the material deformation, while experimental observations enable us to confirm the occurrence of nonaffinity in the elastic regime. We develop a model for the coupled effect of the thermal expansion or contraction of the material and the dilatation of the incident wavelength, which allows us to estimate the magnitude of the nonaffine displacement and the spatial extent of its correlation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya Mikhailovskaya
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Julien Fade
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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5
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Born P, Braibanti M, Cristofolini L, Cohen-Addad S, Durian DJ, Egelhaaf SU, Escobedo-Sánchez MA, Höhler R, Karapantsios TD, Langevin D, Liggieri L, Pasquet M, Rio E, Salonen A, Schröter M, Sperl M, Sütterlin R, Zuccolotto-Bernez AB. Soft matter dynamics: A versatile microgravity platform to study dynamics in soft matter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:124503. [PMID: 34972443 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe an experiment container with light scattering and imaging diagnostics for experiments on soft matter aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The suite of measurement capabilities can be used to study different materials in exchangeable sample cell units. The currently available sample cell units and future possibilities for foams, granular media, and emulsions are presented in addition to an overview of the design and the diagnostics of the experiment container. First results from measurements performed on ground and during the commissioning aboard the ISS highlight the capabilities of the experiment container to study the different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - M Braibanti
- HE Space Operations BV for ESA, NL-2200AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - L Cristofolini
- CNR - Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy Unit of Genoa, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - S Cohen-Addad
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S U Egelhaaf
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M A Escobedo-Sánchez
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Höhler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T D Karapantsios
- Department of Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Langevin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Liggieri
- CNR - Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy Unit of Genoa, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - M Pasquet
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E Rio
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Salonen
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université de Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Schröter
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - R Sütterlin
- Department TESXS Science Systems Engineering, Airbus Defence and Space, Claude Dornier Str., 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - A B Zuccolotto-Bernez
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Antonelli R, Fokkink R, Tomozeiu N, Sprakel J, Kodger TE. High-speed laser speckle imaging to unravel picoliter drop-on-demand to substrate interaction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083906. [PMID: 34470387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding phenomena such as evaporation and imbibition of picoliter droplets into porous substrates is crucial in printing industry to achieve a higher printing quality and print speed. After printing, the residual pigment must remain fixed at the desired location on a substrate and be of a desired volume to yield a high resolution and vibrantly printed page that has become the expectation of modern printing technology. Current research entails not only chemical composition of the ink but also how this links to the dynamics and interactions that occur between the ink and the substrate at every stage of the printed spot formation, including evaporation, wetting, and imbibition. In this paper, we present an instrument that can print on-demand picoliter volume droplets of ink onto substrates and then immediately record on evolution of the resulting dynamics when these two materials interact. This high-speed laser speckle imaging (HS-LSI) technique has been developed to monitor nanometer displacement of the drying and imbibing ink droplet at a high frame rate, up to 20000 Hz, given the short timescales of these interactions. We present the design of the instrument, discuss the related challenges and the theory underlying the LSI technique, specifically how photons non-evasively probe opaque objects in a multiple scattering regime, and show how this technique can unravel the dynamics of drying and imbibition. We will finish giving a validation on the instrument and an example of its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Antonelli
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Tomozeiu
- Canon Production Printing, Sint Urbanusweg 43, 5914 CA Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - J Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T E Kodger
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Deshpande NS, Furbish DJ, Arratia PE, Jerolmack DJ. The perpetual fragility of creeping hillslopes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3909. [PMID: 34162848 PMCID: PMC8222271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil creeps imperceptibly but relentlessly downhill, shaping landscapes and the human and ecological communities that live within them. What causes this granular material to 'flow' at angles well below repose? The unchallenged dogma is churning of soil by (bio)physical disturbances. Here we experimentally render slow creep dynamics down to micron scale, in a laboratory hillslope where disturbances can be tuned. Surprisingly, we find that even an undisturbed sandpile creeps indefinitely, with rates and styles comparable to natural hillslopes. Creep progressively slows as the initially fragile pile relaxes into a lower energy state. This slowing can be enhanced or reversed with different imposed disturbances. Our observations suggest a new model for soil as a creeping glass, wherein environmental disturbances maintain soil in a perpetually fragile state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul S. Deshpande
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David J. Furbish
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Paulo E. Arratia
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Douglas J. Jerolmack
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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8
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van der Kooij H, Broer DJ, Liu D, Sprakel J. Electroplasticization of Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19927-19937. [PMID: 32267679 PMCID: PMC7193546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Shape-shifting liquid crystal networks (LCNs) can transform their morphology and properties in response to external stimuli. These active and adaptive polymer materials can have impact in a diversity of fields, including haptic displays, energy harvesting, biomedicine, and soft robotics. Electrically driven transformations in LCN coatings are particularly promising for application in electronic devices, in which electrodes are easily integrated and allow for patterning of the functional response. The morphing of these coatings, which are glassy in the absence of an electric field, relies on a complex interplay between polymer viscoelasticity, liquid crystal order, and electric field properties. Morphological transformations require the material to undergo a glass transition that plasticizes the polymer sufficiently to enable volumetric and shape changes. Understanding how an alternating current can plasticize very stiff, densely cross-linked networks remains an unresolved challenge. Here, we use a nanoscale strain detection method to elucidate this electric-field-induced devitrification of LCNs. We find how a high-frequency alternating field gives rise to pronounced nanomechanical changes at a critical frequency, which signals the electrical glass transition. Across this transition, collective motion of the liquid crystal molecules causes the network to yield from within, leading to network weakening and subsequent nonlinear expansion. These results unambiguously prove the existence of electroplasticization. Fine-tuning the induced emergence of plasticity will not only enhance the surface functionality but also enable more efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne
M. van der Kooij
- Physical Chemistry
and Soft Matter, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of
Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of
Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry
and Soft Matter, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Buijs J, Gucht JVD, Sprakel J. Fourier transforms for fast and quantitative Laser Speckle Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13279. [PMID: 31527699 PMCID: PMC6746788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser speckle imaging is a powerful imaging technique that visualizes microscopic motion within turbid materials. At current two methods are widely used to analyze speckle data: one is fast but qualitative, the other quantitative but computationally expensive. We have developed a new processing algorithm based on the fast Fourier transform, which converts raw speckle patterns into maps of microscopic motion and is both fast and quantitative, providing a dynamnic spectrum of the material over a frequency range spanning several decades. In this article we show how to apply this algorithm and how to measure a diffusion coefficient with it. We show that this method is quantitative and several orders of magnitude faster than the existing quantitative method. Finally we harness the potential of this new approach by constructing a portable laser speckle imaging setup that performs quantitative data processing in real-time on a tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buijs
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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van der Kooij HM, Semerdzhiev SA, Buijs J, Broer DJ, Liu D, Sprakel J. Morphing of liquid crystal surfaces by emergent collectivity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3501. [PMID: 31383859 PMCID: PMC6683186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystal surfaces can undergo topographical morphing in response to external cues. These shape-shifting coatings promise a revolution in various applications, from haptic feedback in soft robotics or displays to self-cleaning solar panels. The changes in surface topography can be controlled by tailoring the molecular architecture and mechanics of the liquid crystal network. However, the nanoscopic mechanisms that drive morphological transitions remain unclear. Here, we introduce a frequency-resolved nanostrain imaging method to elucidate the emergent dynamics underlying field-induced shape-shifting. We show how surface morphing occurs in three distinct stages: (i) the molecular dipoles oscillate with the alternating field (10-100 ms), (ii) this leads to collective plasticization of the glassy network (~1 s), (iii) culminating in actuation of the topography (10-100 s). The first stage appears universal and governed by dielectric coupling. By contrast, yielding and deformation rely on a delicate balance between liquid crystal order, field properties and network viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M van der Kooij
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600, AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Slav A Semerdzhiev
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600, AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse Buijs
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612, AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612, AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Houdoux D, Nguyen TB, Amon A, Crassous J. Plastic flow and localization in an amorphous material: Experimental interpretation of the fluidity. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:022905. [PMID: 30253465 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.022905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a thorough study of the plastic response of a granular material progressively loaded. We study experimentally the evolution of the plastic field from a homogeneous one to a heterogeneous one and its fluctuations in terms of incremental strain. We show that the plastic field can be decomposed in two components evolving on two decoupled strain increment scales. We argue that the slowly varying part of the field can be identified with the so-called fluidity field introduced recently to interpret the rheological behavior of amorphous materials. This fluidity field progressively concentrates along a macroscopic direction corresponding to the Mohr-Coulomb angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Houdoux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thai Binh Nguyen
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Axelle Amon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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12
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van der Kooij HM, Dussi S, van de Kerkhof GT, Frijns RAM, van der Gucht J, Sprakel J. Laser Speckle Strain Imaging reveals the origin of delayed fracture in a soft solid. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar1926. [PMID: 29736415 PMCID: PMC5935474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stresses well below the critical fracture stress can lead to highly unpredictable delayed fracture after a long period of seemingly quiescent stability. Delayed fracture is a major threat to the lifetime of materials, and its unpredictability makes it difficult to prevent. This is exacerbated by the lack of consensus on the microscopic mechanisms at its origin because unambiguous experimental proof of these mechanisms remains absent. We present an experimental approach to measure, with high spatial and temporal resolution, the local deformations that precipitate crack nucleation. We apply this method to study delayed fracture in an elastomer and find that a delocalized zone of very small strains emerges as a consequence of strongly localized damage processes. This prefracture deformation zone grows exponentially in space and time, ultimately culminating in the nucleation of a crack and failure of the material as a whole. Our results paint a microscopic picture of the elusive origins of delayed fracture and open the way to detect damage well before it manifests macroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M. van der Kooij
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Simone Dussi
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gea T. van de Kerkhof
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Raoul A. M. Frijns
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Vitomir L, Sprakel J, van der Gucht J. Spatial blurring in laser speckle imaging in inhomogeneous turbid media. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16879. [PMID: 29203904 PMCID: PMC5715131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser speckle imaging (LSI) has developed into a versatile tool to image dynamical processes in turbid media, such as subcutaneous blood perfusion and heterogeneous dynamics in soft materials. Spatially resolved information about local dynamics is obtained by measuring time-dependent correlation functions of multiply scattered light. Due to the diffusive nature of photons in highly scattering media, the measured signal is a convolution of the local dynamics in the material and the spatial distribution of photons. This spatial averaging inevitably leads to a loss of resolution, which must be taken into account for a correct interpretation of LSI measurements. In this paper we derive analytical expressions to quantify the effects of spatial blurring in backscatter LSI for materials with heterogeneous dynamics. Using the diffusion approximation, we calculate the photon density distribution for a semi-infinite material, and we predict the effect of dynamic heterogeneity on the measured correlation function. We verify our theoretical expressions using random walk simulations. Our results show that LSI measurements in dynamically heterogeneous materials should be interpreted with caution, especially when only a single wavelength and correlation time are used to obtain the dynamical map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Vitomir
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen, 6708, WE, Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen, 6708, WE, Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen, 6708, WE, Netherlands.
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14
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Amon A, Born P, Daniels KE, Dijksman JA, Huang K, Parker D, Schröter M, Stannarius R, Wierschem A. Publisher's Note: "Preface: Focus on imaging methods in granular physics" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 051701 (2017)]. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:079901. [PMID: 28764498 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Amon
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Huang
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wierschem
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Amon A, Born P, Daniels KE, Dijksman JA, Huang K, Parker D, Schröter M, Stannarius R, Wierschem A. Preface: Focus on imaging methods in granular physics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:051701. [PMID: 28571403 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Amon
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karen E Daniels
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Huang
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wierschem
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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