1
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Anderson MC, Dodin A, Fay TP, Limmer DT. Coherent control from quantum commitment probabilities. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024115. [PMID: 38995082 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We introduce a general definition of a quantum committor in order to clarify reaction mechanisms and facilitate control in processes where coherent effects are important. With a quantum committor, we generalize the notion of a transition state to quantum superpositions and quantify the effect of interference on the progress of the reaction. The formalism is applicable to any linear quantum master equation supporting metastability for which absorbing boundary conditions designating the reactant and product states can be applied. We use this formalism to determine the dependence of the quantum transition state on coherences in a polaritonic system and optimize the initialization state of a conical intersection model to control reactive outcomes, achieving yields of the desired state approaching 100%. In addition to providing a practical tool, the quantum committor provides a conceptual framework for understanding reactions in cases when classical intuitions fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Amro Dodin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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2
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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3
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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4
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Tanimura Y. Numerically "exact" approach to open quantum dynamics: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM). J Chem Phys 2021; 153:020901. [PMID: 32668942 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An open quantum system refers to a system that is further coupled to a bath system consisting of surrounding radiation fields, atoms, molecules, or proteins. The bath system is typically modeled by an infinite number of harmonic oscillators. This system-bath model can describe the time-irreversible dynamics through which the system evolves toward a thermal equilibrium state at finite temperature. In nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic spectroscopy, dynamics can be studied easily by using simple quantum master equations under the assumption that the system-bath interaction is weak (perturbative approximation) and the bath fluctuations are very fast (Markovian approximation). However, such approximations cannot be applied in chemical physics and biochemical physics problems, where environmental materials are complex and strongly coupled with environments. The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) can describe the numerically "exact" dynamics of a reduced system under nonperturbative and non-Markovian system-bath interactions, which has been verified on the basis of exact analytical solutions (non-Markovian tests) with any desired numerical accuracy. The HEOM theory has been used to treat systems of practical interest, in particular, to account for various linear and nonlinear spectra in molecular and solid state materials, to evaluate charge and exciton transfer rates in biological systems, to simulate resonant tunneling and quantum ratchet processes in nanodevices, and to explore quantum entanglement states in quantum information theories. This article presents an overview of the HEOM theory, focusing on its theoretical background and applications, to help further the development of the study of open quantum dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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5
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Sun K, Xu Q, Chen L, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Temperature effects on singlet fission dynamics mediated by a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Quan Xu
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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6
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Farfan CA, Turner DB. A systematic model study quantifying how conical intersection topography modulates photochemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20265-20283. [PMID: 32966428 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite their important role in photochemistry and expected presence in most polyatomic molecules, conical intersections have been thoroughly characterized in a comparatively small number of systems. Conical intersections can confer molecular photoreactivity or photostability, often with remarkable efficacy, due to their unique structure: at a conical intersection, the adiabatic potential energy surfaces of two or more electronic states are degenerate, enabling ultrafast decay from an excited state without radiative emission, known as nonadiabatic transfer. Furthermore, the precise conical intersection topography determines fundamental properties of photochemical processes, including excited-state decay rate, efficacy, and molecular products that are formed. However, these relationships have yet to be defined comprehensively. In this article, we use an adaptable computational model to investigate a variety of conical intersection topographies, simulate resulting nonadiabatic dynamics, and calculate key photochemical observables. We varied the vibrational mode frequencies to modify conical intersection topography systematically in four primary classes of conical intersections and quantified the resulting rate, total yield, and product yield of nonadiabatic decay. The results reveal that higher vibrational mode frequencies reduce nonadiabatic transfer, but increase the transfer rate and resulting photoproduct formation. These trends can inform progress toward experimental control of photochemical reactions or tuning of molecules' photochemical properties based on conical intersections and their topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Farfan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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7
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Duan HG, Jha A, Li X, Tiwari V, Ye H, Nayak PK, Zhu XL, Li Z, Martinez TJ, Thorwart M, Miller RJD. Intermolecular vibrations mediate ultrafast singlet fission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb0052. [PMID: 32948583 PMCID: PMC7500928 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a spin-allowed exciton multiplication process in organic semiconductors that converts one spin-singlet exciton to two triplet excitons. It offers the potential to enhance solar energy conversion by circumventing the Shockley-Queisser limit on efficiency. We study the primary steps of singlet fission in a pentacene film by using a combination of TG and 2D electronic spectroscopy complemented by quantum chemical and nonadiabatic dynamics calculations. We show that the coherent vibrational dynamics induces the ultrafast transition from the singlet excited electronic state to the triplet-pair state via a degeneracy of potential energy surfaces, i.e., a multidimensional conical intersection. Significant vibronic coupling of the electronic wave packet to a few key intermolecular rocking modes in the low-frequency region connect the excited singlet and triplet-pair states. Along with high-frequency local vibrations acting as tuning modes, they open a new channel for the ultrafast exciton transfer through the resulting conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanyang Ye
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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8
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Sowa JK, Weiss EA, Seideman T. Photoisomerization-coupled electron transfer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034301. [PMID: 32716166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic molecular structures constitute a unique platform for constructing molecular switches, sensors, and memory devices. One of their most promising applications is as light-switchable electron acceptor or donor units. Here, we investigate a previously unexplored process that we postulate may occur in such systems: an ultrafast electron transfer triggered by a simultaneous photoisomerization of the donor or the acceptor moiety. We propose a theoretical model for this phenomenon and, with the aid of density functional theory calculations, apply it to the case of a dihydropyrene-type photochromic molecular donor. By considering the wavepacket dynamics and the photoisomerization yield, we show that the two processes involved, electron transfer and photoisomerization, are in general inseparable and need to be treated in a unified manner. We finish by discussing how the efficiency of photoisomerization-coupled electron transfer can be controlled experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K Sowa
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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9
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Mangaud E, Lasorne B, Atabek O, Desouter-Lecomte M. Statistical distributions of the tuning and coupling collective modes at a conical intersection using the hierarchical equations of motion. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mangaud
- Physicochimie des Electrolytes et des Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux-UMR 8234 Sorbonne Université, F-75252 Paris, France and Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR 5589, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Lasorne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Osman Atabek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Michèle Desouter-Lecomte
- Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France and Département de Chimie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, B6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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10
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Chen L, Gelin MF, Zhao Y, Domcke W. Mapping of Wave Packet Dynamics at Conical Intersections by Time- and Frequency-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5873-5880. [PMID: 31518141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of wave packet dynamics at conical intersections by time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has been investigated theoretically for a three-state two-mode model of a conical intersection coupled to a dissipative environment. The ideal and the actually measurable time- and frequency-gated fluorescence spectra are accurately and efficiently simulated by combining the hierarchy equations-of-motion method for dissipative quantum dynamics with the methodology of the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach for the calculation of spectroscopic signals. It is shown that time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectra reveal essential aspects of the wave packet dynamics at conical intersections and the effects of environment-induced dissipation. The results of the present work indicate that fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy with femtosecond time resolution is an efficient tool for the characterization of ultrafast dynamics at conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
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11
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Duan HG, Thorwart M, Miller RJD. Does electronic coherence enhance anticorrelated pigment vibrations under realistic conditions? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114115. [PMID: 31542003 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting efficiency of a photoactive molecular complex is largely determined by the properties of its electronic quantum states. Those, in turn, are influenced by molecular vibrational states of the nuclear degrees of freedom. Here, we reexamine two recently formulated concepts that a coherent vibronic coupling between molecular states would either extend the electronic coherence lifetime or enhance the amplitude of the anticorrelated vibrational mode at longer times. For this, we study a vibronically coupled dimer and calculate the nonlinear two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra that directly reveal electronic coherence. The time scale of electronic coherence is initially extracted by measuring the antidiagonal bandwidth of the central peak in the 2D spectrum at zero waiting time. Based on the residual analysis, we identify small-amplitude long-lived oscillations in the cross-peaks, which, however, are solely due to groundstate vibrational coherence, regardless of having resonant or off-resonant conditions. Our studies neither show an enhancement of the electronic quantum coherence nor an enhancement of the anticorrelated vibrational mode by the vibronic coupling under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Farfan CA, Turner DB. Nonadiabatic Photochemistry Induced by Inaccessible Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7768-7776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille A. Farfan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York New York 10003, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York New York 10003, United States
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13
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Toa ZSD, deGolian MH, Jumper CC, Hiller RG, Scholes GD. Consistent Model of Ultrafast Energy Transfer in Peridinin Chlorophyll-a Protein Using Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy and Förster Theory. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6410-6420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi S. D. Toa
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Mary H. deGolian
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Chanelle C. Jumper
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Roger G. Hiller
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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14
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Schile AJ, Limmer DT. Simulating conical intersection dynamics in the condensed phase with hybrid quantum master equations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:014106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addison J. Schile
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
| | - David T. Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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15
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Evidence for a vibrational phase-dependent isotope effect on the photochemistry of vision. Nat Chem 2018; 10:449-455. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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