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Zobel JP, González L. The Quest to Simulate Excited-State Dynamics of Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1116-1140. [PMID: 34467353 PMCID: PMC8397362 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes current computational efforts in the field of simulating photodynamics of transition metal complexes. We present the typical workflows and feature the strengths and limitations of the different contemporary approaches. From electronic structure methods suitable to describe transition metal complexes to approaches able to simulate their nuclear dynamics under the effect of light, we give particular attention to build a bridge between theory and experiment by critically discussing the different models commonly adopted in the interpretation of spectroscopic experiments and the simulation of particular observables. Thereby, we review all the studies of excited-state dynamics on transition metal complexes, both in gas phase and in solution from reduced to full dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
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Song H, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, White AJ, Zhang Y, Mukamel S, Govind N, Tretiak S. An Ab Initio Multiple Cloning Method for Non-Adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics in NWChem. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3629-3643. [PMID: 34014085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach based on the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) method provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems. The AIMC method is a controlled approximation to nonadiabatic dynamics with a particular strength in the proper description of decoherence effects because of the branching of vibrational wavepackets at a level crossing. Here, we report a new implementation of the AIMC algorithm in the open source NWChem computational chemistry program. The framework combines linear-response time-dependent density functional theory with Ehrenfest mean-field theory to determine the equations of motion for classical trajectories. The multidimensional wave function is decomposed into a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories (i.e., MCE approach), which can clone with fully quantum mechanical amplitudes and phases. By using an efficient time-derivative based nonadiabatic coupling approach within the AIMC method, all observables are calculated on-the-fly in the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics process. As a representative example, we apply our implementation to study the ultrafast photoinduced electronic and vibrational energy transfer in a pyridine molecule. The effects of the cloning procedure on electronic and vibrational coherence, relaxation and unidirectional energy transfer are discussed. This new AIMC implementation provides a high-level nonadiabatic molecular dynamics framework for simulating photoexcited dynamics in complex molecular systems and experimentally relevant ultrafast spectroscopic probes, such as nonlinear coherent optical and X-ray signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Alexander J White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Abstract
Coordination compounds, characterized by fascinating and tunable electronic properties, are capable of binding easily to proteins, polymers, wires and DNA. Upon irradiation, these molecular systems develop functions finding applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, luminescent and conformational probes, electron transfer triggers and diagnostic or therapeutic tools. The control of these functions is activated by the light wavelength, the metal/ligand cooperation and the environment within the first picoseconds (ps). After a brief summary of the theoretical background, this perspective reviews case studies, from 1st row to 3rd row transition metal complexes, that illustrate how spin-orbit, vibronic coupling and quantum effects drive the photophysics of this class of molecules at the early stage of the photoinduced elementary processes within the fs-ps time scale range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Ghosh J, Gajapathy H, Jayachandran A, Bernstein ER, Bhattacharya A. On the electronically nonadiabatic decomposition dynamics of furazan and triazole energetic molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164304. [PMID: 31042884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined results of ab initio electronic-structure calculations, nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations using ab initio multiple spawning, and previous spectroscopic investigations of jet-cooled molecules provide strong evidence of a (π,σ*)-mediated decomposition mechanism for the furazan and triazole energetic molecules. The importance of dissociative excited states formed by electron promotion from a π molecular orbital to a σ* molecular orbital is explored for the furazan and triazole energetic molecules. Dissociative (π,σ*) states of furazan and triazole energetic molecules can be populated by nonadiabatic surface jump from the (π,π*) or the (n,π*) state. Finally, conical intersections between (π,σ*) potential energy surfaces (PESs) and the ground PES influence the eventual fragmentation dynamics of the furazan and triazole energetic molecules. Due to structural similarity of the triazole molecule with the pyrrole molecule, a comparison of nonadiabatic dynamics of these two molecules is also presented. The N-N bond dissociation is found to be a barrierless pathway for the triazole molecule, whereas the N-H bond dissociation exhibits a barrierless pathway for the pyrrole molecule. The present work, thus, provides insights into the excited-state chemistry of furazan and triazole energetic functional groups. The same insight can also be relevant for other energetic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harshad Gajapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ajay Jayachandran
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Elliot R Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Atanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Sousa C, Alías M, Domingo A, de Graaf C. Deactivation of Excited States in Transition-Metal Complexes: Insight from Computational Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 25:1152-1164. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sousa
- Departament de Química Física and Institut de Química, Teòrica i Computacional; Universitat de Barcelona; C/ Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Marc Alías
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Catalunya Spain
| | - Alex Domingo
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Catalunya Spain
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Catalunya Spain
- ICREA; Pg. Lluis Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
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Comparison of internal conversion dynamics of azo and azoxy energetic moieties through the (S1/S0)CI conical Intersection: An ab initio multiple spawning study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ghosh J, Gajapathy H, Konar A, Narasimhaiah GM, Bhattacharya A. Sub-500 fs electronically nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the S 1 excited state: Ab initio multiple spawning study. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:204302. [PMID: 29195277 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic materials store a large amount of chemical energy. Different ignition processes, including laser ignition and shock or compression wave, initiate the energy release process by first promoting energetic molecules to the electronically excited states. This is why a full understanding of initial steps of the chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the excited electronic states is highly desirable. In general, conical intersection (CI), which is the crossing point of multidimensional electronic potential energy surfaces, is well established as a controlling factor in the initial steps of chemical dynamics of energetic molecules following their electronic excitations. In this article, we have presented different aspects of the ultrafast unimolecular relaxation dynamics of energetic molecules through CIs. For this task, we have employed ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) simulation using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) electronic wavefunction and frozen Gaussian-based nuclear wavefunction. The AIMS simulation results collectively reveal that the ultrafast relaxation step of the best energetic molecules (which are known to exhibit very good detonation properties) is completed in less than 500 fs. Many, however, exhibit sub-50 fs dynamics. For example, nitro-containing molecules (including C-NO2, N-NO2, and O-NO2 active moieties) relax back to the ground state in approximately 40 fs through similar (S1/S0)CI conical intersections. The N3-based energetic molecule undergoes the N2 elimination process in 40 fs through the (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. Nitramine-Fe complexes exhibit sub-50 fs Fe-O and N-O bond dissociation through the respective (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. On the other hand, tetrazine-N-oxides, which are known to exhibit better detonation properties than tetrazines, undergo internal conversion in a 400-fs time scale, while the relaxation time of tetrazine is very long (about 100 ns). Many other characteristics of sub-500 fs nonadiabatic decay of energetic molecules are discussed. In the end, many unresolved issues associated with the ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harshad Gajapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arindam Konar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gowrav M Narasimhaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Makhov DV, Tretiak S, Shalashilin D. An ab initio multiple cloning approach for the simulation of photoinduced dynamics in conjugated molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17762-17772. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional wave function: a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories suited to clone and swap their electronic amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
- School of Mathematics
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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