1
|
Hua C, Tennant DA, Savici AT, Sedov V, Sala G, Winn B. Implementation of a laser-neutron pump-probe capability for inelastic neutron scattering. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033902. [PMID: 38445995 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about nonequilibrium dynamics in spin systems is of great importance to both fundamental science and technological applications. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is an indispensable tool to study spin excitations in complex magnetic materials. However, conventional INS spectrometers currently only perform steady-state measurements and probe averaged properties over many collision events between spin excitations in thermodynamic equilibrium, while the exact picture of re-equilibration of these excitations remains unknown. In this paper, we report on the design and implementation of a time-resolved laser-neutron pump-probe capability at hybrid spectrometer (beamline 14-B) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This capability allows us to excite out-of-equilibrium magnons with a nanosecond pulsed laser source and probe the resulting dynamics using INS. Here, we discussed technical aspects to implement such a capability in a neutron beamline, including choices of suitable neutron instrumentation and material systems, laser excitation scheme, experimental configurations, and relevant firmware and software development to allow for time-synchronized pump-probe measurements. We demonstrated that the laser-induced nonequilibrium structure factor is able to be resolved by INS in a quantum magnet. The method developed in this work will provide SNS with advanced capabilities for performing out-of-equilibrium measurements, opening up an entirely new research direction to study out-of-equilibrium phenomena using neutrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hua
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D A Tennant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Shull Wollan Center-A joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A T Savici
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Sedov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G Sala
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B Winn
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jana S, Muralidhar S, Åkerman J, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Pontius N. Using the photoinduced L 3 resonance shift in Fe and Ni as time reference for ultrafast experiments at low flux soft x-ray sources. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:044304. [PMID: 34395721 PMCID: PMC8357444 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical-pump induced ultrafast transient change of x-ray absorption at L 3 absorption resonances of the transition metals Ni and Fe in the Fe0.5Ni0.5 alloy. We find the effect for both elements to occur simultaneously on a femtosecond timescale. This effect may hence be used as a handy cross correlation scheme, providing a time-zero reference for ultrafast optical-pump soft x-ray-probe measurement. The method benefits from a relatively simple experimental setup as the sample itself acts as time-reference tool. In particular, this technique works with low flux ultrafast soft x-ray sources. The measurements are compared to the cross correlation method introduced in an earlier publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Jana
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shreyas Muralidhar
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Åkerman
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Niko Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Wang X, Jurgilaitis A, Pham VT, Kroon D, Larsson J. Repetitive non-thermal melting as a timing monitor for femtosecond pump/probe X-ray experiments. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:054303. [PMID: 32984435 PMCID: PMC7511237 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved optical pump/X-ray probe experiments are often used to study structural dynamics. To ensure high temporal resolution, it is necessary to monitor the timing between the X-ray pulses and the laser pulses. The transition from a crystalline solid material to a disordered state in a non-thermal melting process can be used as a reliable timing monitor. We have performed a study of the non-thermal melting of InSb in single-shot mode, where we varied the sample temperature in order to determine the conditions required for repetitive melting. We show how experimental conditions affect the feasibility of such a timing tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Å. U. J. Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. C. Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A. Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Van-Thai Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D. Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Larsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehrabi P, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Leimkohl JP, Schikora H, Ninkovic J, Krivokuca S, Andriček L, Epp SW, Sherrell D, Owen RL, Pearson AR, Tellkamp F, Schulz EC, Miller RJD. The HARE chip for efficient time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:360-370. [PMID: 32153274 PMCID: PMC7064102 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) is an emerging technique for static and time-resolved protein structure determination. Using specifically patterned silicon chips for sample delivery, the `hit-and-return' (HARE) protocol allows for efficient time-resolved data collection. The specific pattern of the crystal wells in the HARE chip provides direct access to many discrete time points. HARE chips allow for optical excitation as well as on-chip mixing for reaction initiation, making a large number of protein systems amenable to time-resolved studies. Loading of protein microcrystals onto the HARE chip is streamlined by a novel vacuum loading platform that allows fine-tuning of suction strength while maintaining a humid environment to prevent crystal dehydration. To enable the widespread use of time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography (TR-SSX), detailed technical descriptions of a set of accessories that facilitate TR-SSX workflows are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Mehrabi
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrike M. Müller-Werkmeister
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Leimkohl
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schikora
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Ninkovic
- Halbleiterlabor der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Krivokuca
- Halbleiterlabor der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Andriček
- Halbleiterlabor der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, D-81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha W. Epp
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Darren Sherrell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Robin L. Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedjof Tellkamp
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike C. Schulz
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Glownia JM, Gumerlock K, Lemke HT, Sato T, Zhu D, Chollet M. Pump-probe experimental methodology at the Linac Coherent Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:685-691. [PMID: 31074431 PMCID: PMC6510196 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751900225x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental methods that use free-electron laser (FEL) sources that can deliver short X-ray pulses below a 10 fs pulse duration and traditional optical lasers are ideal tools for pump-probe experiments. However, these new methods also come with a unique set of challenges, such as how to accurately determine temporal overlap between two sources at the femtosecond scale and how to correct for the pulse-to-pulse beam property fluctuations of the FEL light derived from the self-amplified spontaneous emission process. Over the past several years of performing pump-probe experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), new methods and tools have been developed to improve the ways experimental timing is measured, monitored and scanned. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the most commonly used techniques at LCLS to perform pump-probe-type experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Karl Gumerlock
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Henrik T. Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, WBBA/022, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martiel I, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Cohen AE. Strategies for sample delivery for femtosecond crystallography. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:160-177. [PMID: 30821705 PMCID: PMC6400256 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318017953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient data-collection methods are required for successful macromolecular crystallography (MX) experiments at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). XFEL beamtime is scarce, and the high peak brightness of each XFEL pulse destroys the exposed crystal volume. It is therefore necessary to combine diffraction images from a large number of crystals (hundreds to hundreds of thousands) to obtain a final data set, bringing about sample-refreshment challenges that have previously been unknown to the MX synchrotron community. In view of this experimental complexity, a number of sample delivery methods have emerged, each with specific requirements, drawbacks and advantages. To provide useful selection criteria for future experiments, this review summarizes the currently available sample delivery methods, emphasising the basic principles and the specific sample requirements. Two main approaches to sample delivery are first covered: (i) injector methods with liquid or viscous media and (ii) fixed-target methods using large crystals or using microcrystals inside multi-crystal holders or chips. Additionally, hybrid methods such as acoustic droplet ejection and crystal extraction are covered, which combine the advantages of both fixed-target and injector approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Martiel
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Henrike M. Müller-Werkmeister
- Institute of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aina E. Cohen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schulz EC, Mehrabi P, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Tellkamp F, Jha A, Stuart W, Persch E, De Gasparo R, Diederich F, Pai EF, Miller RJD. The hit-and-return system enables efficient time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography. Nat Methods 2018; 15:901-904. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Hada M, Saito S, Sato R, Miyata K, Hayashi Y, Shigeta Y, Onda K. Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29912189 DOI: 10.3791/57612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss in this article the experimental measurements of the molecules in liquid crystal (LC) phase using the time-resolved infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy and time-resolved electron diffraction. Liquid crystal phase is an important state of matter that exists between the solid and liquid phases and it is common in natural systems as well as in organic electronics. Liquid crystals are orientationally ordered but loosely packed, and therefore, the internal conformations and alignments of the molecular components of LCs can be modified by external stimuli. Although advanced time-resolved diffraction techniques have revealed picosecond-scale molecular dynamics of single crystals and polycrystals, direct observations of packing structures and ultrafast dynamics of soft materials have been hampered by blurry diffraction patterns. Here, we report time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffractometry to acquire ultrafast snapshots of a columnar LC material bearing a photoactive core moiety. Differential-detection analyses of the combination of time-resolved IR vibrational spectroscopy and electron diffraction are powerful tools for characterizing structures and photoinduced dynamics of soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University;
| | | | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Ken Onda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University;
| |
Collapse
|