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Gao H, Cai H, Yang G, Zhao J, Li X, Yang S, Yang T. Open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074301. [PMID: 39145553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Very recently, open-cage metallo-azafullerenes PbC100N4H4 and Pb2C100N4H4 containing one Pb-N4-C moiety have been synthesized via the electron beam. Herein, we utilized density functional theory calculations in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study the geometric and electronic structures, bonding properties, thermodynamic stability, and catalytic performance of MC100N4H4 and M2C100N4H4 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb). Metal-nitrogen distances and metal-metal distances increase along with the metal radius while the metal atom is positively charged. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that the bonding interactions between M and the C100N4H4 fragment could be described as the donor-acceptor interaction between M(ns0(n-1)d10np4) and C100N4H4 fragment, in which the orbital interactions terms contribute more than the electrostatic interactions. AIMD simulations demonstrate that those metallo-azafullerenes exhibit thermodynamic stability at room temperature. These metallo-azafullerenes, which could serve as typical carbon-supported single-atom catalysts, possess enhanced catalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared to the planar catalysts, which is attributed to the curvature of metallo-azafullerenes. GeC100N4H4 and SnC100N4H4 exhibit high catalytic performance in the 4e-ORR pathway to H2O, whereas only PbC100N4H4 is suitable for the 2e-ORR reaction pathway because of the difficulty in obtaining electrons. All M2C100N4H4 favors the 4e-reaction pathway due to the presence of the axial metal atom. Our finding of open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts holds profound implications for both fundamental research in catalysis and practical applications in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hairui Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gege Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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3
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Hu Z, Ullah A, Prima‐Garcia H, Chin S, Wang Y, Aragó J, Shi Z, Gaita‐Ariño A, Coronado E. Binding Sites, Vibrations and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times in Europium(II)-Based Metallofullerene Spin Qubits. Chemistry 2021; 27:13242-13248. [PMID: 34268813 PMCID: PMC8518920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To design molecular spin qubits with enhanced quantum coherence, a control of the coupling between the local vibrations and the spin states is crucial, which could be realized in principle by engineering molecular structures via coordination chemistry. To this end, understanding the underlying structural factors that govern the spin relaxation is a central topic. Here, we report the investigation of the spin dynamics in a series of chemically designed europium(II)-based endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). By introducing a unique structural difference, i. e. metal-cage binding site, while keeping other molecular parameters constant between different complexes, these manifest the key role of the three low-energy metal-displacing vibrations in mediating the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 ). The temperature dependence of T1 can thus be normalized by the frequencies of these low energy vibrations to show an unprecedentedly universal behavior for EMFs in frozen CS2 solution. Our theoretical analysis indicates that this structural difference determines not only the vibrational rigidity but also spin-vibration coupling in these EMF-based qubit candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistryand ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871People's Republic of China
| | - Aman Ullah
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Helena Prima‐Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Sang‐Hyun Chin
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistryand ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Zujin Shi
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistryand ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871People's Republic of China
| | - Alejandro Gaita‐Ariño
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán 246980PaternaSpain
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4
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Liu F, Spree L, Krylov DS, Velkos G, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Electron Lanthanide-Lanthanide Bonds Inside Fullerenes toward Robust Redox-Active Molecular Magnets. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2981-2993. [PMID: 31571482 PMCID: PMC6796827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic phenomenon of lanthanide-fullerene interactions is the transfer of metal valence electrons to the carbon cage. With early lanthanides such as La, a complete transfer of six valence electrons takes place for the metal dimers encapsulated in the fullerene cage. However, the low energy of the σ-type Ln-Ln bonding orbital in the second half of the lanthanide row limits the Ln2 → fullerene transfer to only five electrons. One electron remains in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, whereas the fullerene cage with a formal charge of -5 is left electron-deficient. Such Ln2@C80 molecules are unstable in the neutral form but can be stabilized by substitution of one carbon atom by nitrogen to give azafullerenes Ln2@C79N or by quenching the unpaired electron on the fullerene cage by reacting it with a chemical such as benzyl bromide, transforming one sp2 carbon into an sp3 carbon and yielding the monoadduct Ln2@C80(CH2Ph). Because of the presence of the Ln-Ln bonding molecular orbital with one electron, the Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(R) molecules feature a unique single-electron Ln-Ln bond and an unconventional +2.5 oxidation state of the lanthanides. In this Account, which brings together metallofullerenes, molecular magnets, and lanthanides in unconventional valence states, we review the progress in the studies of dimetallofullerenes with single-electron Ln-Ln bonds and highlight the consequences of the unpaired electron residing in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital for the magnetic interactions between Ln ions. Usually, Ln···Ln exchange coupling in polynuclear lanthanide compounds is weak because of the core nature of 4f electrons. However, when interactions between Ln centers are mediated by a radical bridge, stronger coupling may be achieved because of the diffuse nature of radical-based orbitals. Ultimately, when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron in the Ln-Ln bonding orbital, the strength of the exchange coupling is increased dramatically. Giant exchange coupling in endohedral Ln2 dimers is combined with a rather strong axial ligand field exerted on the lanthanide ions by the fullerene cage and the excess electron density localized between two Ln ions. As a result, Ln2@C79N and Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) compounds exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization and exceptionally high blocking temperatures for Ln = Dy and Tb. At low temperatures, the [Ln3+-e-Ln3+] fragment behaves as a single giant spin. Furthermore, the Ln-Ln bonding orbital in dimetallofullerenes is redox-active, which allows its population to be changed by electrochemical reactions, thus changing the magnetic properties because the change in the number of electrons residing in the Ln-Ln orbital affects the magnetic structure of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Hohe Block‐Temperatur der Magnetisierung und herausragende Koerzitivfeldstärke im Azafulleren Tb
2
@C
79
N mit einer Einelektronen‐Terbium‐Terbium‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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6
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb 2 @C 79 N with a Single-Electron Terbium-Terbium Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5891-5896. [PMID: 30786125 PMCID: PMC6519270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azafullerene Tb2 @C79 N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb2 @C79 N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τQTM =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Liu F, Velkos G, Krylov DS, Spree L, Zalibera M, Ray R, Samoylova NA, Chen CH, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Ziegs F, Nenkov K, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Richter M, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Air-stable redox-active nanomagnets with lanthanide spins radical-bridged by a metal-metal bond. Nat Commun 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 30718550 PMCID: PMC6362165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering intramolecular exchange interactions between magnetic metal atoms is a ubiquitous strategy for designing molecular magnets. For lanthanides, the localized nature of 4f electrons usually results in weak exchange coupling. Mediating magnetic interactions between lanthanide ions via radical bridges is a fruitful strategy towards stronger coupling. In this work we explore the limiting case when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron. We synthesize an array of air-stable Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) dimetallofullerenes (Ln2 = Y2, Gd2, Tb2, Dy2, Ho2, Er2, TbY, TbGd) featuring a covalent lanthanide-lanthanide bond. The lanthanide spins are glued together by very strong exchange interactions between 4f moments and a single electron residing on the metal–metal bonding orbital. Tb2@C80(CH2Ph) shows a gigantic coercivity of 8.2 Tesla at 5 K and a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 25.2 K. The Ln-Ln bonding orbital in Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) is redox active, enabling electrochemical tuning of the magnetism. Dilanthanide complexes that possess radical bridges exhibit enhanced magnetic exchange coupling, affording molecular magnets with high blocking temperatures. Here, the authors explore a series of dilanthanide-encapsulated fullerenes where the radical bridge is taken to its limit and the role is played by a single unpaired electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rajyavardhan Ray
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nenkov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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8
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Liu X, Spree L, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Giant exchange coupling and field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization in Gd 2@C 79N with a single-electron Gd-Gd bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2902-2905. [PMID: 29497728 PMCID: PMC5885278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of the azafullerene Gd2@C79N are studied by SQUID magnetometry. The effective exchange coupling constant jGd,e between the Gd spins and the spin of unpaired electron residing on the single-electron Gd-Gd bond is determined to be 170 ± 10 cm-1. Low temperature AC measurements revealed field-induced millisecond-long relaxation of magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - K Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - L Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - A U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - H C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA and Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA.
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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