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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R. High-Resolution Frequency-Domain Spectroscopic and Modeling Studies of Photosystem I (PSI), PSI Mutants and PSI Supercomplexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3850. [PMID: 38612659 PMCID: PMC11011720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two main pigment-protein complexes where the primary steps of oxygenic photosynthesis take place. This review describes low-temperature frequency-domain experiments (absorption, emission, circular dichroism, resonant and non-resonant hole-burned spectra) and modeling efforts reported for PSI in recent years. In particular, we focus on the spectral hole-burning studies, which are not as common in photosynthesis research as the time-domain spectroscopies. Experimental and modeling data obtained for trimeric cyanobacterial Photosystem I (PSI3), PSI3 mutants, and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes are analyzed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes. Detailed information on the excitonic structure of photosynthetic complexes is essential to determine the structure-function relationship. We will focus on the so-called "red antenna states" of cyanobacterial PSI, as these states play an important role in photochemical processes and EET pathways. The high-resolution data and modeling studies presented here provide additional information on the energetics of the lowest energy states and their chlorophyll (Chl) compositions, as well as the EET pathways and how they are altered by mutations. We present evidence that the low-energy traps observed in PSI are excitonically coupled states with significant charge-transfer (CT) character. The analysis presented for various optical spectra of PSI3 and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes allowed us to make inferences about EET from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 core and demonstrate that the number of entry points varies between sample preparations studied by different groups. In our most recent samples, there most likely are three entry points for EET from the IsiA18 ring per the PSI core monomer, with two of these entry points likely being located next to each other. Therefore, there are nine entry points from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 trimer. We anticipate that the data discussed below will stimulate further research in this area, providing even more insight into the structure-based models of these important cyanobacterial photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Zazubovich
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Ress L, Malý P, Landgraf JB, Lindorfer D, Hofer M, Selby J, Lambert C, Renger T, Brixner T. Time-resolved circular dichroism of excitonic systems: theory and experiment on an exemplary squaraine polymer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9328-9349. [PMID: 37712031 PMCID: PMC10498725 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical foundations for femtosecond time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) spectroscopy of excitonic systems are presented. In this method, the system is pumped with linearly polarized light and the signal is defined as the difference between the transient absorption spectrum probed with left and with right circularly polarized light. We present a new experimental setup with a polarization grating as key element to generate circularly polarized pulses. Herein the positive (negative) first order of the diffracted light is left-(right-)circularly polarized and serves as a probe pulse in a TRCD experiment. The grating is capable of transferring ultrashort broadband pulses ranging from 470 nm to 720 nm into two separate beams with opposite ellipticity. By applying a specific chopping scheme we can switch between left and right circular polarizations and detect transient absorption (TA) and TRCD spectra on a shot-to-shot basis simultaneously. We perform experiments on a squaraine polymer, investigating excitonic dynamics, and we develop a general theory for TRCD experiments of excitonically coupled systems that we then apply to describe the experimental data in this particular example. At a magic angle of 54.7° between the pump-pulse polarization and the propagation direction of the probe pulse, the TRCD and TA signals become particularly simple to analyze, since the orientational average over random orientations of complexes factorizes into that of the interaction with the pump and the probe pulse, and the intrinsic electric quadrupole contributions to the TRCD signal average to zero for isotropic samples. Application of exciton theory to linear absorption and to linear circular dichroism spectra of squaraine polymers reveals the presence of two fractions of polymer conformations, a dominant helical conformation with close interpigment distances that are suggested to lead to short-range contributions to site energy shifts and excitonic couplings of the squaraine molecules, and a fraction of unfolded random coils. Theory demonstrates that TRCD spectra of selectively excited helices can resolve state populations that are practically invisible in TA spectroscopy due to the small dipole strength of these states. A qualitative interpretation of TRCD and TA spectra in the spectral window investigated experimentally is offered. The 1 ps time component found in these spectra is related to the slow part of exciton relaxation obtained between states of the helix in the low-energy half of the exciton manifold. The dominant 140 ps time constant reflects the decay of excited states to the electronic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ress
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jann B Landgraf
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominik Lindorfer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Michael Hofer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Joshua Selby
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Monti M, Stener M, Coccia E. Electronic circular dichroism from real-time propagation in state space. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084102. [PMID: 36859092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose to compute the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of chiral molecules using a real-time propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the space of electronic field-free eigenstates, by coupling TDSE with a given treatment of the electronic structure of the target. The time-dependent induced magnetic moment is used to compute the ECD spectrum from an explicit electric perturbation. The full matrix representing the transition magnetic moment in the space of electronic states is generated from that among pairs of molecular orbitals. In the present work, we show the ECD spectra of methyloxirane, of several conformers of L-alanine, and of the Λ-Co(acac)3 complex, computed from a singly excited ansatz of time-dependent density functional theory eigenstates. The time-domain ECD spectra properly reproduce the frequency-domain ones obtained in the linear-response regime and quantitatively agree with the available experimental data. Moreover, the time-domain approach to ECD allows us to naturally go beyond the ground-state rotationally averaged ECD spectrum, which is the standard outcome of the linear-response theory, e.g., by computing the ECD spectra from electronic excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Sutcliffe J, Johansson JO. A femtosecond magnetic circular dichroism spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113001. [PMID: 34852523 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a broadband magneto-optical spectrometer with femtosecond temporal resolution. The absorption spectrometer is based on a white-light supercontinuum (∼320 to 750 nm) using shot-to-shot temporal and spectral referencing at 1 kHz. Static and transient absorption spectra using circularly polarized light are collected in a magnetic field. The difference spectra with respect to the external field direction give the static and transient magneto-optical Faraday rotation (magnetic optical rotary dispersion) and ellipticity (magnetic circular dichroism) spectra. An achromatic quarter-wave plate is used, and the impact of the deviation from ideal retardance on the spectra is discussed. Results from solution-based and thin-film samples are used to demonstrate the performance and wide applicability of the instrument. The sensitivities for the static and time-resolved data were found to be 5 and 0.4 mdeg, respectively. The method presents a simple way to measure magneto-optical spectra using a transient absorption spectrometer and an electromagnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sutcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Olof Johansson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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Scott M, Rehn DR, Norman P, Dreuw A. Ab Initio Excited-State Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra Exploiting the Third-Order Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction Scheme for the Polarization Propagator. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5132-5137. [PMID: 34030439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state rotatory strengths are reported for the first time at a correlated ab initio level, here with the algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme of the polarization propagator up to the third order. To demonstrate the capabilities of this computational approach, the gas phase S1 electronic circular dichroism spectra of the bicyclic ketones (1R)-camphor, (1R)-norcamphor, and (1R)-fenchone have been calculated at the ADC(3) level of theory. Furthermore, the solution excited-state spectra of the energetically lowest conformer of R-(+)-1,1'-bi(2-naphthol) have been computed with inclusion of a polarizable continuum model at the ADC(2) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Scott
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk R Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Schmid M, Martinez-Fernandez L, Markovitsi D, Santoro F, Hache F, Improta R, Changenet P. Unveiling Excited-State Chirality of Binaphthols by Femtosecond Circular Dichroism and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4089-4094. [PMID: 31260627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved circular dichroism (TR-CD) is a powerful tool for probing conformational dynamics of biomolecules over large time scales that are crucial for establishing their structure-function relationship. However, such experiments, notably in the femtosecond regime, remain challenging due to their extremely weak signals, prone to polarization artifacts. By using binol and two bridged derivatives (PL1 and PL2) as chiral prototypes, we present here the first comprehensive study of this type in the middle UV, combining femtosecond TR-CD and quantum mechanical calculations (TD-DFT). We show that excitation of the three compounds induces large variations of their transient CD signals, in sharp contrast to those of their achiral transient absorption. We demonstrate that these variations arise from both the alteration of the electronic distribution and the dihedral angle in the excited state. These results highlight the great sensitivity of TR-CD detection to signals hardly accessible to achiral transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schmid
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Lara Martinez-Fernandez
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Modúlo13 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca , via G. Moruzzi 1 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - François Hache
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Roberto Improta
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Mezzocannone 16 , I-80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Pascale Changenet
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Kuronuma M, Sato T, Araki Y, Mori T, Sakamoto S, Inoue Y, Ito O, Wada T. Transient Circular Dichroism Measurement of the Excited Triplet State of Pristine Hexahelicene in Solution at Room Temperature. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuronuma
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Sato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-087, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-087, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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