1
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Schaffner D, Juncker von Buchwald T, Karaev E, Alagia M, Richter R, Stranges S, Coriani S, Fischer I. The x-ray absorption spectrum of the tert-butyl radical: An experimental and computational investigation. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034309. [PMID: 39017428 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the x-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of the tert-butyl radical, C4H9. The radical was generated pyrolytically from azo-tert-butane, and the XAS of the pure radical was obtained by subtraction of spectra recorded at different temperatures. The bands in the XAS were assigned by ab initio calculations that are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The lowest energy signal in the XAS is assigned to the C1s electron transition from the central carbon atom to the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO), while higher transitions correspond to C1s excitations from terminal carbon atoms. Furthermore, we investigated the fragmentation of the radical following resonant C1s excitation by electron-ion-coincidence spectroscopy. Several fragmentation channels were identified. The C1s excitation of the terminal carbons is associated with a stronger fragmentation tendency compared to the lowest C1s excitation of the central carbon into the SOMO. For this core excited state, we still observe an intact parent ion, C4H9+, and a comparatively higher tendency to dissociate into CH3+ + C3H6+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schaffner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michele Alagia
- CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Farmaci, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Dey S, Folkestad SD, Paul AC, Koch H, Krylov AI. Core-ionization spectrum of liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1845-1859. [PMID: 38174659 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present state-of-the-art calculations of the core-ionization spectrum of water. Despite significant progress in procedures developed to mitigate various experimental complications and uncertainties, the experimental determination of ionization energies of solvated species involves several non-trivial steps such as assessing the effect of the surface potential, electrolytes, and finite escape depths of photoelectrons. This provides a motivation to obtain robust theoretical values of the intrinsic bulk ionization energy and the corresponding solvent-induced shift. Here we develop theoretical protocols based on coupled-cluster theory and electrostatic embedding. Our value of the intrinsic solvent-induced shift of the 1sO ionization energy of water is -1.79 eV. The computed absolute position and the width of the 1sO peak in photoelectron spectrum of water are 538.47 eV and 1.44 eV, respectively, agreeing well with the best experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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3
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Folkestad SD, Paul AC, Ponzi A, Grazioli C, Coreno M, de Simone M, Koch H, Coriani S. Electronic Characterization of Glycolaldehyde: Experimental and Theoretical Insights from the Core- and Valence-Level Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10621-10631. [PMID: 38084657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The core-level electron excitation and ionization spectra of glycolaldehyde have been investigated by photoabsorption and photoemission spectroscopy at both carbon and oxygen K-edges; the valence ionization spectra were also recorded by photoelectron spectroscopy in the UV-vis region. The spectra are interpreted by means of ab initio calculations based on the equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) and coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative are in good agreement with the experimental results, and many of the observed features are assigned. The photoabsorption spectra are not only dominated by transitions from core-level orbitals to unoccupied π and σ orbitals but also show structures due to Rydberg transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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4
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Marin K, Huang M, Evangelista FA. Signatures of diradicals in x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882842. [PMID: 37094006 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretical simulations are critical to analyze and interpret the x-ray absorption spectrum of transient open-shell species. In this work, we propose a model of the many-body core-excited states of symmetric diradicals. We apply this model to analyze the carbon K-edge transitions of o-, m-, and p-benzyne, three organic diradicals with diverse and unusual electronic structures. The predictions of our model are compared with high-level multireference computations of the K-edge spectrum of the benzynes obtained with the driven similarity renormalization group truncated to third order. Our model shows the importance of a many-body treatment of the core-excited states of the benzynes and provides a theoretical framework to understand which properties of the ground state of these diradicals can be extracted from their x-ray spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Marin
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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5
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Paul AC, Folkestad SD, Myhre RH, Koch H. Oscillator Strengths in the Framework of Equation of Motion Multilevel CC3. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5246-5258. [PMID: 35921447 PMCID: PMC9476665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present an efficient implementation of the equation
of motion
oscillator strengths for the closed-shell multilevel coupled cluster
singles and doubles with perturbative triples method (MLCC3) in the
electronic structure program eT. The orbital space is split into an active part treated with
CC3 and an inactive part computed at the coupled cluster singles and
doubles (CCSD) level of theory. Asymptotically, the CC3 contribution
scales as floating-point operations, where nV is the total number of virtual orbitals while nv and no are the
number of active virtual and occupied orbitals, respectively. The
CC3 contribution, thus, only scales linearly with the full system
size and can become negligible compared to the cost of CCSD. We demonstrate
the capabilities of our implementation by calculating the ultraviolet–visible
spectrum of azobenzene and a core excited state of betaine 30 with
more than 1000 molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf H Myhre
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavaleri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Zamani AY, Hratchian HP. Assessing the performance of ΔSCF and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation for calculating vertical core excitation energies. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084115. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical core excitation energies are obtained using a combination of the ΔSCF method and the diagonal second-order (D2) self-energy approximation. These methods are applied to a set of neutral molecules and their anionic forms. An assessment of the results with the inclusion of relativistic effects is presented. For core excitations involving delocalized symmetry orbitals, the applied composite method improves upon the overestimation of ΔSCF by providing approximate values close to experimental K-shell transition energies. The importance of both correlation and relaxation contributions to the vertical core-excited state energies, the concept of local and non-local core orbitals, and the consequences of breaking symmetry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hrant Patrick Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Merced, United States of America
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7
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Hait D, Oosterbaan KJ, Carter-Fenk K, Head-Gordon M. Computing x-ray absorption spectra from linear-response particles atop optimized holes. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:201104. [PMID: 35649868 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
State specific orbital optimized density functional theory (OO-DFT) methods, such as restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS), can attain semiquantitative accuracy for predicting x-ray absorption spectra of closed-shell molecules. OO-DFT methods, however, require that each state be individually optimized. In this Communication, we present an approach to generate an approximate core-excited state density for use with the ROKS energy ansatz, which is capable of giving reasonable accuracy without requiring state-specific optimization. This is achieved by fully optimizing the core-hole through the core-ionized state, followed by the use of electron-addition configuration interaction singles to obtain the particle level. This hybrid approach can be viewed as a DFT generalization of the static-exchange (STEX) method and can attain ∼0.6 eV rms error for the K-edges of C-F through the use of local functionals, such as PBE and OLYP. This ROKS(STEX) approach can also be used to identify important transitions for full OO ROKS treatment and can thus help reduce the computational cost of obtaining OO-DFT quality spectra. ROKS(STEX), therefore, appears to be a useful technique for the efficient prediction of x-ray absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Katherine J Oosterbaan
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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8
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Hohenstein EG, Yu JK, Bannwarth C, List NH, Paul AC, Folkestad SD, Koch H, Martínez TJ. Predictions of Pre-edge Features in Time-Resolved Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy from Hole-Hole Tamm-Dancoff-Approximated Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7120-7133. [PMID: 34623139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (TR-NEXAFS) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying photochemical reaction dynamics with femtosecond time resolution. In order to avoid ambiguity in TR-NEXAFS spectra from nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, core- and valence-excited states must be evaluated on equal footing and those valence states must also define the potential energy surfaces used in the nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. In this work, we demonstrate that hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff-approximated density functional theory (hh-TDA) is capable of directly simulating TR-NEXAFS spectroscopies. We apply hh-TDA to the excited-state dynamics of acrolein. We identify two pre-edge features in the oxygen K-edge TR-NEXAFS spectrum associated with the S2 (ππ*) and S1 (nπ*) excited states. We show that these features can be used to follow the internal conversion dynamics between the lowest three electronic states of acrolein. Due to the low, O(N2) apparent computational complexity of hh-TDA and our GPU-accelerated implementation, this method is promising for the simulation of pre-edge features in TR-NEXAFS spectra of large molecules and molecules in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jimmy K Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nanna Holmgaard List
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarai D Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavaleri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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9
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Bilalbegović G, Maksimović A, Valencic LA, Lehtola S. Sulfur Molecules in Space by X-rays: A Computational Study. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:436-448. [PMID: 33842801 PMCID: PMC8028330 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray astronomy lacks high resolution spectra of interstellar dust analogues and molecules, severely hampering interstellar medium studies based on upcoming X-ray missions. Various theoretical approaches may be used to address this problem, but they must first be shown to reproduce reliable spectra compared to the experiment. In this work, we calculate the sulfur K edge X-ray absorption spectra of H2S, SO2, and OCS, whose spectra are already known from X-ray experiments and predict the X-ray spectrum of CS, which as far as we are aware has not been measured, thereby hampering its detection by X-ray telescopes. We chose these four molecules as the astrochemistry of sulfur is an unsolved problem and as the four molecules are already known to exist in space. We consider three types of methods for modeling the X-ray spectra: more accurate calculations with the algebraic-diagrammatic construction (ADC) and the CC2, CCSD, and CC3 coupled cluster (CC) approaches as well as more affordable ones with transition potential density functional theory (TP-DFT). A comparison of our computational results to previously reported experimental spectra shows that the core-valence separation (CVS) approaches CVS-ADC(2)-x and CVS-CC3 generally yield a good qualitative level of agreement with the experiment, suggesting that they can be used for interpreting measured spectra, while the TP-DFT method is not reliable for these molecules. However, quantitative agreement with the experiment is still outside the reach of the computational methods studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goranka Bilalbegović
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Bijenička
cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Maksimović
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lynne A. Valencic
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, 20771 Maryland, United States
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins
University, 366 Bloomberg
Center, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, 21218 Maryland, United States
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio
1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Fransson T, Brumboiu IE, Vidal ML, Norman P, Coriani S, Dreuw A. XABOOM: An X-ray Absorption Benchmark of Organic Molecules Based on Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen 1s → π* Transitions. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1618-1637. [PMID: 33544612 PMCID: PMC8023667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of several standard and popular approaches for calculating X-ray absorption spectra at the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K-edges of 40 primarily organic molecules up to the size of guanine has been evaluated, focusing on the low-energy and intense 1s → π* transitions. Using results obtained with CVS-ADC(2)-x and fc-CVS-EOM-CCSD as benchmark references, we investigate the performance of CC2, ADC(2), ADC(3/2), and commonly adopted density functional theory (DFT)-based approaches. Here, focus is on precision rather than on accuracy of transition energies and intensities-in other words, we target relative energies and intensities and the spread thereof, rather than absolute values. The use of exchange-correlation functionals tailored for time-dependent DFT calculations of core excitations leads to error spreads similar to those seen for more standard functionals, despite yielding superior absolute energies. Long-range corrected functionals are shown to perform particularly well compared to our reference data, showing error spreads in energy and intensity of 0.2-0.3 eV and ∼10%, respectively, as compared to 0.3-0.6 eV and ∼20% for a typical pure hybrid. In comparing intensities, state mixing can complicate matters, and techniques to avoid this issue are discussed. Furthermore, the influence of basis sets in high-level ab initio calculations is investigated, showing that reasonably accurate results are obtained with the use of 6-311++G**. We name this benchmark suite as XABOOM (X-ray absorption benchmark of organic molecules) and provide molecular structures and ground-state self-consistent field energies and spectroscopic data. We believe that it provides a good assessment of electronic structure theory methods for calculating X-ray absorption spectra and will become useful for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fransson
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Fysikum, Stockholm University, Albanova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iulia E. Brumboiu
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology, 34141 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- DTU
Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU
Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, NTNU-Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, N-7991 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Tsuru S, Vidal ML, Pápai M, Krylov AI, Møller KB, Coriani S. An assessment of different electronic structure approaches for modeling time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:024101. [PMID: 33786337 PMCID: PMC7986275 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We assess the performance of different protocols for simulating excited-state x-ray absorption spectra. We consider three different protocols based on equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles, two of them combined with the maximum overlap method. The three protocols differ in the choice of a reference configuration used to compute target states. Maximum-overlap-method time-dependent density functional theory is also considered. The performance of the different approaches is illustrated using uracil, thymine, and acetylacetone as benchmark systems. The results provide guidance for selecting an electronic structure method for modeling time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tsuru
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mátyás Pápai
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Abstract
We present a new and efficient implementation of the closed shell coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples method (CC3) in the electronic structure program eT. Asymptotically, a ground state calculation has an iterative cost of 4nV4nO3 floating point operations (FLOP), where nV and nO are the number of virtual and occupied orbitals, respectively. The Jacobian and transpose Jacobian transformations, required to iteratively solve for excitation energies and transition moments, both require 8nV4nO3 FLOP. We have also implemented equation of motion (EOM) transition moments for CC3. The EOM transition densities require recalculation of triples amplitudes, as nV3nO3 tensors are not stored in memory. This results in a noniterative computational cost of 10nV4nO3 FLOP for the ground state density and 26nV4nO3 FLOP per state for the transition densities. The code is compared to the CC3 implementations in CFOUR, DALTON, and PSI4. We demonstrate the capabilities of our implementation by calculating valence and core excited states of l-proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
C. Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf H. Myhre
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavaleri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Moitra T, Madsen D, Christiansen O, Coriani S. Vibrationally resolved coupled-cluster x-ray absorption spectra from vibrational configuration interaction anharmonic calculations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:234111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry—Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diana Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ove Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry—Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Folkestad SD, Koch H. Equation-of-Motion MLCCSD and CCSD-in-HF Oscillator Strengths and Their Application to Core Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6869-6879. [PMID: 32955866 PMCID: PMC8011930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an implementation of equation-of-motion oscillator strengths for the multilevel CCSD (MLCCSD) model where CCS is used as the lower level method (CCS/CCSD). In this model, the double excitations of the cluster operator are restricted to an active orbital space, whereas the single excitations are unrestricted. Calculated nitrogen K-edge spectra of adenosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and an ATP-water system are used to demonstrate the performance of the model. Projected atomic orbitals (PAOs) are used to partition the virtual space into active and inactive orbital sets. Cholesky decomposition of the Hartree-Fock density is used to partition the occupied orbitals. This Cholesky-PAO partitioning is cheap, scaling as O(N3), and is suitable for the calculation of core excitations, which are localized in character. By restricting the single excitations of the cluster operator to the active space, as well as the double excitations, the CCSD-in-HF model is obtained. A comparison of the two models-MLCCSD and CCSD-in-HF-is presented for the core excitation spectra of the adenosine and ATP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavaleri 7, Pisa 56126, Italy
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15
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Garner SM, Neuscamman E. Core excitations with excited state mean field and perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154102. [PMID: 33092351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We test the efficacy of excited state mean field theory and its excited-state-specific perturbation theory on the prediction of K-edge positions and x-ray peak separations. We find that the mean field theory is surprisingly accurate, even though it contains no accounting of differential electron correlation effects. In the perturbation theory, we test multiple core-valence separation schemes and find that, with the mean field theory already so accurate, electron-counting biases in one popular separation scheme become a dominant error when predicting K-edges. Happily, these appear to be relatively easy to correct for, leading to a perturbation theory for K-edge positions that is lower scaling and more accurate than coupled cluster theory and competitive in accuracy with recent high-accuracy results from restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham theory. For peak separations, our preliminary data show excited state mean field theory to be exceptionally accurate, but more extensive testing will be needed to see how it and its perturbation theory compare to coupled cluster peak separations more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eric Neuscamman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Matthews DA. EOM-CC methods with approximate triple excitations applied to core excitation and ionisation energies. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1771448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. Highly Accurate Prediction of Core Spectra of Molecules at Density Functional Theory Cost: Attaining Sub-electronvolt Error from a Restricted Open-Shell Kohn-Sham Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:775-786. [PMID: 31917579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the use of the recently developed square gradient minimization (SGM) algorithm for excited-state orbital optimization to obtain spin-pure restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) energies for core excited states of molecules. The SGM algorithm is robust against variational collapse and offers a reliable route to converging orbitals for target excited states at only 2-3 times the cost of ground-state orbital optimization (per iteration). ROKS/SGM with the modern SCAN/ωB97X-V functionals is found to predict the K-edge of C, N, O, and F to a root mean squared error of ∼0.3 eV. ROKS/SGM is equally effective at predicting L-edge spectra of third period elements, provided a perturbative spin-orbit correction is employed. This high accuracy can be contrasted with traditional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which typically has greater than 10 eV error and requires translation of computed spectra to align with experiment. ROKS is computationally affordable (having the same scaling as ground-state DFT and a slightly larger prefactor) and can be applied to geometry optimizations/ab initio molecular dynamics of core excited states, as well as condensed phase simulations. ROKS can also model doubly excited/ionized states with one broken electron pair, which are beyond the ability of linear response based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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18
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Myhre RH, Coriani S, Koch H. X-ray and UV Spectra of Glycine within Coupled Cluster Linear Response Theory. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9701-9711. [PMID: 31549830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coupled cluster models CCSD and CC3 are used to investigate the (core) excited states and ionization energies of glycine in the gas phase. Excited states and ionization energies in the UV spectral range are calculated using a standard coupled cluster linear response, while core-level excited states and ionization potentials are calculated using the core-valence separation approximation. The temperature dependence from different conformers is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H Myhre
- Department of Chemistry , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU , 7491 Trondheim , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry , Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU , 7491 Trondheim , Norway.,Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
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19
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Frati F, de Groot F, Cerezo J, Santoro F, Cheng L, Faber R, Coriani S. Coupled cluster study of the x-ray absorption spectra of formaldehyde derivatives at the oxygen, carbon, and fluorine K-edges. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5097650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frati
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 GC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Groot
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 GC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM–CNR), Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Rasmus Faber
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Vidal ML, Feng X, Epifanovsky E, Krylov AI, Coriani S. New and Efficient Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Framework for Core-Excited and Core-Ionized States. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3117-3133. [PMID: 30964297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a fully analytical implementation of the core-valence separation (CVS) scheme for the equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) method for calculations of core-level states. Inspired by the CVS idea as originally formulated by Cederbaum, Domcke, and Schirmer, pure valence excitations are excluded from the EOM target space and the frozen-core approximation is imposed on the reference-state amplitudes and multipliers. This yields an efficient, robust, practical, and numerically balanced EOM-CCSD framework for calculations of excitation and ionization energies as well as state and transition properties (e.g., spectral intensities, natural transition, and Dyson orbitals) from both the ground and excited states. The errors in absolute excitation/ionization energies relative to the experimental reference data are on the order of 0.2-3.0 eV, depending on the K-edge considered and on the basis set used, and the shifts are systematic for each edge. Compared to a previously proposed CVS scheme where CVS was applied as a posteriori projection only during the solution of the EOM eigenvalue equations, the new scheme is computationally cheaper. It also achieves better cancellation of errors, yielding similar spectral profiles but with absolute core excitation and ionization energies that are systematically closer to the corresponding experimental data. Among the presented results are calculations of transient-state X-ray absorption spectra, relevant for interpretation of UV-pump/X-ray probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta L Vidal
- DTU Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Xintian Feng
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Q-Chem Incorporated , 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105 , Pleasanton , California 94588 , United States
| | - Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Q-Chem Incorporated , 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105 , Pleasanton , California 94588 , United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-0482 , United States
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
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21
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Liu J, Matthews D, Coriani S, Cheng L. Benchmark Calculations of K-Edge Ionization Energies for First-Row Elements Using Scalar-Relativistic Core–Valence-Separated Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1642-1651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Devin Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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22
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Carbone JP, Cheng L, Myhre RH, Matthews D, Koch H, Coriani S. An analysis of the performance of coupled cluster methods for K-edge core excitations and ionizations using standard basis sets. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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23
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How Does Vibrational Excitation Affect the X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Monohydrated Halide and Alkali Metal Clusters? ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Fransson T, Dreuw A. Simulating X-ray Emission Spectroscopy with Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Schemes for the Polarization Propagator. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:546-556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fransson
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht−Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht−Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Ehlert C, Gühr M, Saalfrank P. An efficient first principles method for molecular pump-probe NEXAFS spectra: Application to thymine and azobenzene. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ehlert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3C5, Canada
| | - Markus Gühr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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