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Wang YS, Zhong Manis JX, Rohan MC, Orlando TM, Kretchmer JS. Modeling Intermolecular Coulombic Decay with Non-Hermitian Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7806-7813. [PMID: 39052307 PMCID: PMC11299181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the capability of using real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) in conjunction with a complex absorbing potential (CAP) to simulate the intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes following the ionization of an inner-valence electron. We examine the ICD dynamics in a series of noncovalent bonded dimer systems, including hydrogen-bonded and purely van der Waals (VdW)-bonded systems. In comparison to previous work, we show that RT-TDDFT simulations with a CAP correctly capture the ICD phenomenon in systems exhibiting a stronger binding energy. The calculated time scales for ICD of the studied systems are in the range of 5-50 fs, in agreement with previous studies. However, there is a breakdown in the accuracy of the methodology for the pure VdW-bonded systems. Overall, the presented RT-TDDFT/CAP methodology provides a powerful tool for differentiating between competing electronic relaxation pathways following inner-valence or core ionization without necessitating any a priori assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Siang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - James X. Zhong Manis
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew C. Rohan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Thomas M. Orlando
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Sekaran S, Bindech O, Fromager E. A unified density matrix functional construction of quantum baths in density matrix embedding theory beyond the mean-field approximation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:034107. [PMID: 37466226 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The equivalence in one-electron quantum baths between the practical implementation of density matrix embedding theory (DMET) and the more recent Householder-transformed density matrix functional embedding theory has been shown previously in the standard but special case where the reference full-size (one-electron reduced) density matrix, from which the bath is constructed, is idempotent [S. Yalouz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 214112 (2022)]. We prove mathematically that the equivalence remains valid when the density matrix is not idempotent anymore, thus allowing for the construction of correlated (one-electron) quantum baths. A density-matrix functional exactification of DMET is derived within the present unified quantum embedding formalism. Numerical examples reveal that the embedding cluster can be quite sensitive to the level of density-matrix functional approximation used for computing the reference density matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajanthan Sekaran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Oussama Bindech
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Fromager
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Yehorova D, Kretchmer JS. A multi-fragment real-time extension of projected density matrix embedding theory: Non-equilibrium electron dynamics in extended systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:131102. [PMID: 37031109 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we derive a multi-fragment real-time extension of the projected density matrix embedding theory (pDMET) designed to treat non-equilibrium electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems. As in the previously developed static pDMET, the real time pDMET partitions the total system into many fragments; the coupling between each fragment and the rest of the system is treated through a compact representation of the environment in terms of a quantum bath. The real-time pDMET involves simultaneously propagating the wavefunctions for each separate fragment–bath embedding system along with an auxiliary mean-field wavefunction of the total system. The equations of motion are derived by (i) projecting the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the fragment and bath space associated with each separate fragment and by (ii) enforcing the pDMET matching conditions between the global 1-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) obtained from the fragment calculations and the mean-field 1-RDM at all points in time. The accuracy of the method is benchmarked through comparisons to time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group and time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) theory; the methods were applied to a one- and two-dimensional single-impurity Anderson model and multi-impurity Anderson models with ordered and disordered distributions of the impurities. The results demonstrate a large improvement over TDHF and rapid convergence to the exact dynamics with an increase in fragment size. Our results demonstrate that the real-time pDMET is a promising and flexible method that balances accuracy and efficiency to simulate the non-equilibrium electron dynamics in heterogeneous systems of large size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Yehorova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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4
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Martyn JM, Liu Y, Chin ZE, Chuang IL. Efficient fully-coherent quantum signal processing algorithms for real-time dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024106. [PMID: 36641381 DOI: 10.1063/5.0124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulating the unitary dynamics of a quantum system is a fundamental problem of quantum mechanics, in which quantum computers are believed to have significant advantage over their classical counterparts. One prominent such instance is the simulation of electronic dynamics, which plays an essential role in chemical reactions, non-equilibrium dynamics, and material design. These systems are time-dependent, which requires that the corresponding simulation algorithm can be successfully concatenated with itself over different time intervals to reproduce the overall coherent quantum dynamics of the system. In this paper, we quantify such simulation algorithms by the property of being fully-coherent: the algorithm succeeds with arbitrarily high success probability 1 - δ while only requiring a single copy of the initial state. We subsequently develop fully-coherent simulation algorithms based on quantum signal processing (QSP), including a novel algorithm that circumvents the use of amplitude amplification while also achieving a query complexity additive in time t, ln(1/δ), and ln(1/ϵ) for error tolerance ϵ: Θ‖H‖|t|+ln(1/ϵ)+ln(1/δ). Furthermore, we numerically analyze these algorithms by applying them to the simulation of the spin dynamics of the Heisenberg model and the correlated electronic dynamics of an H2 molecule. Since any electronic Hamiltonian can be mapped to a spin Hamiltonian, our algorithm can efficiently simulate time-dependent ab initio electronic dynamics in the circuit model of quantum computation. Accordingly, it is also our hope that the present work serves as a bridge between QSP-based quantum algorithms and chemical dynamics, stimulating a cross-fertilization between these exciting fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Martyn
- Department of Physics, Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics, Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zachary E Chin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Isaac L Chuang
- Department of Physics, Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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5
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Yalouz S, Sekaran S, Fromager E, Saubanère M. Quantum embedding of multi-orbital fragments using the block-Householder transformation. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:214112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0125683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, some of the authors introduced the use of the Householder transformation as a simple and intuitive method for embedding local molecular fragments [see Sekaran et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 035121 (2021) and Sekaran et al., Computation 10, 45 (2022)]. In this work, we present an extension of this approach to the more general case of multi-orbital fragments using the block version of the Householder transformation applied to the one-body reduced density matrix, unlocking the applicability to general quantum chemistry/condensed matter physics Hamiltonians. A step-by-step construction of the block Householder transformation is presented. Both physical and numerical areas of interest of the approach are highlighted. The specific mean-field (noninteracting) case is thoroughly detailed as it is shown that the embedding of a given N spin–orbital fragment leads to the generation of two separated sub-systems: (1) a 2 N spin–orbitals “fragment+bath” cluster that exactly contains N electrons and (2) a remaining cluster’s “environment” described by so-called core electrons. We illustrate the use of this transformation in different cases of embedding scheme for practical applications. We particularly focus on the extension of the previously introduced Local Potential Functional Embedding Theory and Householder-transformed Density Matrix Functional Embedding Theory to the case of multi-orbital fragments. These calculations are realized on different types of systems, such as model Hamiltonians (Hubbard rings) and ab initio molecular systems (hydrogen rings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Yalouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sajanthan Sekaran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Fromager
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Cui ZH, Zhai H, Zhang X, Chan GKL. Systematic electronic structure in the cuprate parent state from quantum many-body simulations. Science 2022; 377:1192-1198. [PMID: 36074839 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative description of correlated electron materials remains a modern computational challenge. We demonstrate a numerical strategy to simulate correlated materials at the fully ab initio level beyond the solution of effective low-energy models and apply it to gain a detailed microscopic understanding across a family of cuprate superconducting materials in their parent undoped states. We uncover microscopic trends in the electron correlations and reveal the link between the material composition and magnetic energy scales through a many-body picture of excitation processes involving the buffer layers. Our work illustrates a path toward a quantitative and reliable understanding of more complex states of correlated materials at the ab initio many-body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Cui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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7
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Van Benschoten WZ, Shepherd JJ. Piecewise Interaction Picture Density Matrix Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:184107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The density matrix quantum Monte Carlo (DMQMC) set of methods stochastically samples the exact $N$-body density matrix for interacting electrons at finite temperature. We introduce a simple modification to the interaction picture DMQMC method (IP-DMQMC) which overcomes the limitation of only sampling one inverse temperature point at a time, instead allowing for the sampling of a temperature range within a single calculation thereby reducing the computational cost. At the target inverse temperature, instead of ending the simulation, we incorporate a change of picture away from the interaction picture. The resulting equations of motion have piecewise functions and use the interaction picture in the first phase of a simulation, followed by the application of the Bloch equation once the target inverse temperature is reached. We find that the performance of this method is similar to or better than the DMQMC and IP-DMQMC algorithms in a variety of molecular test systems.
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Peng R, White AF, Zhai H, Kin-Lic Chan G. Conservation laws in coupled cluster dynamics at finite temperature. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044103. [PMID: 34340387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We extend the finite-temperature Keldysh non-equilibrium coupled cluster theory (Keldysh-CC) [A. F. White and G. K.-L. Chan, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 6137-6253 (2019)] to include a time-dependent orbital basis. When chosen to minimize the action, such a basis restores local and global conservation laws (Ehrenfest's theorem) for all one-particle properties while remaining energy conserving for time-independent Hamiltonians. We present the time-dependent Keldysh orbital-optimized coupled cluster doubles method in analogy with the formalism for zero-temperature dynamics, extended to finite temperatures through the time-dependent action on the Keldysh contour. To demonstrate the conservation property and understand the numerical performance of the method, we apply it to several problems of non-equilibrium finite-temperature dynamics: a 1D Hubbard model with a time-dependent Peierls phase, laser driving of molecular H2, driven dynamics in warm-dense silicon, and transport in the single impurity Anderson model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Peng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Alec F White
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Church MS, Rubenstein BM. Real-time dynamics of strongly correlated fermions using auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184103. [PMID: 34241020 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spurred by recent technological advances, there is a growing demand for computational methods that can accurately predict the dynamics of correlated electrons. Such methods can provide much-needed theoretical insights into the electron dynamics probed via time-resolved spectroscopy experiments and observed in non-equilibrium ultracold atom experiments. In this article, we develop and benchmark a numerically exact Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method for modeling the dynamics of correlated electrons in real time. AFQMC has become a powerful method for predicting the ground state and finite temperature properties of strongly correlated systems mostly by employing constraints to control the sign problem. Our initial goal in this work is to determine how well AFQMC generalizes to real-time electron dynamics problems without constraints. By modeling the repulsive Hubbard model on different lattices and with differing initial electronic configurations, we show that real-time AFQMC is capable of accurately capturing long-lived electronic coherences beyond the reach of mean field techniques. While the times to which we can meaningfully model decrease with increasing correlation strength and system size as a result of the exponential growth of the dynamical phase problem, we show that our technique can model the short-time behavior of strongly correlated systems to very high accuracy. Crucially, we find that importance sampling, combined with a novel adaptive active space sampling technique, can substantially lengthen the times to which we can simulate. These results establish real-time AFQMC as a viable technique for modeling the dynamics of correlated electron systems and serve as a basis for future sampling advances that will further mitigate the dynamical phase problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Church
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Brenda M Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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10
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Tran HK, Ye HZ, Van Voorhis T. Bootstrap embedding with an unrestricted mean-field bath. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214101. [PMID: 33291897 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A suite of quantum embedding methods have recently been developed where the Schmidt decomposition is applied to the full system wavefunction to derive basis states that preserve the entanglement between the fragment and the bath. The quality of these methods can depend heavily on the quality of the initial full system wavefunction. Most of these methods, including bootstrap embedding (BE) [M. Welborn et al; J. Chem. Phys. 145, 074102 (2016)], start from a spin-restricted mean-field wavefunction [call this restricted BE (RBE)]. Given that spin-unrestricted wavefunctions can capture a significant amount of strong correlation at the mean-field level, we suspect that starting from a spin-unrestricted mean-field wavefunction will improve these embedding methods for strongly correlated systems. In this work, BE is generalized to an unrestricted Hartree-Fock bath [call this unrestricted BE (UBE)], and UBE is applied to model hydrogen ring systems. UBE's improved versatility over RBE is utilized to calculate high spin symmetry states that were previously unattainable with RBE. Ionization potentials, electron affinities, and spin-splittings are computed using UBE with accuracy on par with spin-unrestricted coupled cluster singles and doubles. Even for cases where RBE is viable, UBE converges more reliably. We discuss the limitations or weaknesses of each calculation and how improvements to RBE and density matrix embedding theory these past few years can also improve UBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Pham HQ, Hermes MR, Gagliardi L. Periodic Electronic Structure Calculations with the Density Matrix Embedding Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:130-140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Q. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Abstract
![]()
Fragment
embedding is one way to circumvent the high computational
scaling of accurate electron correlation methods. The challenge of
applying fragment embedding to molecular systems primarily lies in
the strong entanglement and correlation that prevent accurate fragmentation
across chemical bonds. Recently, Schmidt decomposition has been shown
effective for embedding fragments that are strongly coupled to a bath
in several model systems. In this work, we extend a recently developed
quantum embedding scheme, bootstrap embedding (BE), to molecular systems.
The resulting method utilizes the matching conditions naturally arising
from using overlapping fragments to optimize the embedding. Numerical
simulation suggests that the accuracy of the embedding improves rapidly
with fragment size for small molecules, whereas larger fragments that
include orbitals from different atoms may be needed for larger molecules.
BE scales linearly with system size (apart from an integral transform)
and hence can potentially be useful for large-scale calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Nathan D Ricke
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Henry K Tran
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Gaggioli CA, Stoneburner SJ, Cramer CJ, Gagliardi L. Beyond Density Functional Theory: The Multiconfigurational Approach To Model Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Samuel J. Stoneburner
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Abstract
We explore model electron dynamics of an atom scattering off a surface within the time-dependent complete active space self-consistent field (TD-CASSCF) approximation. We focus especially on the scattering of a hydrogen atom and its resulting spin dynamics starting from an initially spin-polarized state. Our results reveal competing electronic time scales that are governed by the electronic structure of the surface as well as the character of the atom. The time scales and nonadiabaticity of the dynamics are reported on by the final spin polarization of the scattered atom, which may be probed in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Kretchmer
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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