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Liu T, Rahman MH, Menezes PL, Martini A. Effect of Ion Pair on Contact Angle for Phosphonium Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4354-4363. [PMID: 35666944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The wettability of ionic liquids (ILs) is relevant to their use in various applications. However, a mechanistic understanding of how the cation-anion pair affects wettability is still evolving. Here, focusing on phosphonium ILs, wettability was characterized in terms of contact angle using experiments and classical molecular dynamics simulations. Both experiments and simulations showed that the contact angle was affected by the anion and increased as benzoate < salicylate < saccharinate. Further, the simulations showed that the contact angle decreased with increasing cation alkyl chain length for these anions paired with five different tetra-alkyl-phosphonium cations. The trends were explained in terms of adhesive and cohesive energies in the simulations and then correlated to the atomic scale differences between the anions and the cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Md Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Pradeep L Menezes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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2
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Lin X, Liu X, Xu S, Liu Z, Zhao C, Liu R, Li P, Feng X, Ma Y. Cation effect on ionic liquid-involved polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ionic liquids with varied cations on the electrochemical performance of Li/LiFePO4 batteries is investigated in terms of cationic solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Xinshuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Cuie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Xiaomiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China, ,
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Orekhov MA. Coordination Numbers of Bivalent Ions in Organic Solvents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecular dynamic models are created for properties of bivalent ions in organic solvents. It is shown that molecules of the considered solvents bound to ions via oxygen atoms. A theoretical model is developed that describes the ion coordination number. The coordination number in this model is determined by the ratio between the sizes of the ion and the atom organic molecule bound to it. It is shown that the coordination number depends weakly on the solvent and strongly on the type of ion. A value of 0.13 nm is obtained for the effective size of an oxygen atom bound to a bivalent ion. The constructed theoretical model agrees with the results from molecular dynamic calculations and the available experimental data.
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Fan X, Wang C. High-voltage liquid electrolytes for Li batteries: progress and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10486-10566. [PMID: 34341815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of the Li ion batteries (LIBs), the energy density has been tripled, mainly attributed to the increase of the electrode capacities. Now, the capacity of transition metal oxide cathodes is approaching the limit due to the stability limitation of the electrolytes. To further promote the energy density of LIBs, the most promising strategies are to enhance the cut-off voltage of the prevailing cathodes or explore novel high-capacity and high-voltage cathode materials, and also replacing the graphite anode with Si/Si-C or Li metal. However, the commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with relatively low anodic stability of ∼4.3 V vs. Li+/Li cannot sustain high-voltage cathodes. The bottleneck restricting the electrochemical performance in Li batteries has veered towards new electrolyte compositions catering for aggressive next-generation cathodes and Si/Si-C or Li metal anodes, since the oxidation-resistance of the electrolytes and the in situ formed cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers at the high-voltage cathodes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on anodes critically control the electrochemical performance of these high-voltage Li batteries. In this review, we present a comprehensive and in-depth overview on the recent advances, fundamental mechanisms, scientific challenges, and design strategies for the novel high-voltage electrolyte systems, especially focused on stability issues of the electrolytes, the compatibility and interactions between the electrolytes and the electrodes, and reaction mechanisms. Finally, novel insights, promising directions and potential solutions for high voltage electrolytes associated with effective SEI/CEI layers are proposed to motivate revolutionary next-generation high-voltage Li battery chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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5
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Phosphonium ionic liquid-based electrolyte for high voltage Li-ion batteries: Effect of ionic liquid ratio. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic
liquids have emerged as a versatile solvent system for a diverse range of organic
transformations. In the past few decades, the literature has witnessed remarkable advances
in a wide range of organic conversions carried out in the presence of various imidazolium,
pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium and diazobicyclo-octane based ionic liquids. In
the reaction, ionic liquids serve as a solvent, catalyst or sometimes both. In certain cases,
they are also modified with metal nanoparticles or complexes to form heterogeneous
catalysts or are immobilized onto solid support like agar-agar to act as solid-support
catalysts. Reactions catalysed by ionic liquids incorporating chiral catalysts possess the
advantageous features of being highly enantioselective and reproducible, besides being
economical and easy to handle. In this review, an updated insight regarding the role played by ionic liquids in
various C-C bond-forming organic reactions, has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb), India
| | - Opinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb), India
| | - Rahul Badru
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb), India
| | - Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb), India
| | - Pritpal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Pb), India
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7
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Chen F, Forsyth M. Computational Investigation of Mixed Anion Effect on Lithium Coordination and Transport in Salt Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7414-7420. [PMID: 31722533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of high concentrations of alkali metal ion salts in ionic liquids (ILs) has been demonstrated to significantly improve electrolyte performance, increase alkali metal ion transference numbers, and promote the formation of favorable SEI structures enabling long-term stable cycling. One challenge in using this material is the overall low ionic conductivity, which is a common effect of increased salt concentration. This simulation work first investigated the strategy of using mixed anions to tune the ionic conductivity in a concentrated IL (or "ionic liquid-in-salt") system having 50 mol % lithium salt. The effects of binding strength, size, and mobility of selected anions on coordination and dynamics of lithium ions were discussed. The results confirm its feasibility and provide general guidance for the selection of anions to improve the ionic conductivity of salt-concentrated electrolyte systems based on ionic liquids and other solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University (Burwood Campus), ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, 221 Burwood Highway , Burwood , VIC 3125 , Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University (Burwood Campus), ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, 221 Burwood Highway , Burwood , VIC 3125 , Australia
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Mauger A, Julien CM, Paolella A, Armand M, Zaghib K. Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3892. [PMID: 31775348 PMCID: PMC6926585 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to solid electrolytes stricto sensu, there are other electrolytes that are mainly solids, but with some added liquid. In some cases, the amount of liquid added is only on the microliter scale; the addition of liquid is aimed at only improving the contact between a solid-state electrolyte and an electrode, for instance. In some other cases, the amount of liquid is larger, as in the case of gel polymers. It is also an acceptable solution if the amount of liquid is small enough to maintain the safety of the cell; such cases are also considered in this review. Different chemistries are examined, including not only Li-air, Li-O2, and Li-S, but also sodium-ion batteries, which are also subject to intensive research. The challenges toward commercialization are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mauger
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada;
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnol Alava, 01510 Minano, Spain;
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada;
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Lankin AV, Norman GE, Orekhov MA. Behavior of the Environment during Ion Diffusion in Liquids. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441908017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Bedrov D, Piquemal JP, Borodin O, MacKerell AD, Roux B, Schröder C. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes Using Polarizable Force Fields. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7940-7995. [PMID: 31141351 PMCID: PMC6620131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many applications in chemistry, biology, and energy storage/conversion research rely on molecular simulations to provide fundamental insight into structural and transport properties of materials with high ionic concentrations. Whether the system is comprised entirely of ions, like ionic liquids, or is a mixture of a polar solvent with a salt, e.g., liquid electrolytes for battery applications, the presence of ions in these materials results in strong local electric fields polarizing solvent molecules and large ions. To predict properties of such systems from molecular simulations often requires either explicit or mean-field inclusion of the influence of polarization on electrostatic interactions. In this manuscript, we review the pros and cons of different treatments of polarization ranging from the mean-field approaches to the most popular explicit polarization models in molecular dynamics simulations of ionic materials. For each method, we discuss their advantages and disadvantages and emphasize key assumptions as well as their adjustable parameters. Strategies for the development of polarizable models are presented with a specific focus on extracting atomic polarizabilities. Finally, we compare simulations using polarizable and nonpolarizable models for several classes of ionic systems, discussing the underlying physics that each approach includes or ignores, implications for implementation and computational efficiency, and the accuracy of properties predicted by these methods compared to experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bedrov
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 122 South Central Campus Drive, Room 304, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université,
UMR 7616 CNRS, CC137, 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 12-13, 4ème étage, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry
Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20703, United
States
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United
States
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gordon Center for Integrative
Science, University of Chicago, 929 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christian Schröder
- Department
of Computational Biological Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Forsyth M, Porcarelli L, Wang X, Goujon N, Mecerreyes D. Innovative Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquids and Polymers for Next-Generation Solid-State Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:686-694. [PMID: 30801170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrolytes based on organic solvents used in current Li-ion batteries are not compatible with the next-generation energy storage technologies including those based on Li metal. Thus, there has been an increase in research activities investigating solid-state electrolytes, ionic liquids (ILs), polymers, and combinations of these. This Account will discuss some of the work from our teams in these areas. Similarly, other metal-based technologies including Na, Mg, Zn, and Al, for example, are being considered as alternatives to Li-based energy storage. However, the materials research required to effectively enable these alkali metal based energy storage applications is still in its relative infancy. Once again, electrolytes play a significant role in enabling these devices, and research has for the most part progressed along similar lines to that in advanced lithium technologies. Some of our recent contributions in these areas will also be discussed, along with our perspective on future directions in this field. For example, one approach has been to develop single-ion conductors, where the anion is tethered to the polymer backbone, and the dominant charge conductor is the lithium or sodium countercation. Typically, these present with low conductivity, whereas by using a copolymer approach or incorporating bulky quaternary ammonium co-cations, the effective charge separation is increased thus leading to higher conductivities and greater mobility of the alkali metal cation. This has been demonstrated both experimentally and via computer simulations. Further enhancements in ion transport may be possible in the future by designing and tethering more weakly associating anions to the polymer backbone. The second approach considers ion gels or composite polymer electrolytes where a polymerized ionic liquid is the matrix that provides both mechanical robustness and ion conducting pathways. The block copolymer approach is also demonstrated, in this case, to simultaneously provide mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity when used in combination with ionic-liquid electrolytes. The ultimate electrolyte material that will enable all high-performance solid-state batteries will have ion transport decoupled from the mechanical properties. While inorganic conductors can achieve this, their rigid, brittle nature creates difficulties. On the other hand, ionic polymers and their composites provide a rich area of chemistry to design and tune high ionic conductivity together with ideal mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Austrailia
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Nicolas Goujon
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari
Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia−San Sebastian, Spain
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12
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Perkin S, Kirchner B, Fayer MD. Preface: Special Topic on Chemical Physics of Ionic Liquids. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5039492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Perkin
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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