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Comparative study of the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance of pixelated stilbene and plastic scintillator (EJ-276) arrays for a coded-aperture-based hand-held dual-particle imager. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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2
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W Q, Liu X, Zhang Z, Jiang N, Hou Y, Zhang H, Ji Y, Sun L, Xia Y. Artifact analysis of a far-field coded-aperture gamma camera extended to partially coded field-of-view. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-022-00355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Longhitano F, Poma GE, Cosentino L, Finocchiaro P. A Scintillator Array Table with Spectroscopic Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22134754. [PMID: 35808247 PMCID: PMC9269305 DOI: 10.3390/s22134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of radioactive material handling, such as in radwaste sorting and segregation operations, the availability of a simple tool to quickly detect and locate gamma radiation spots can be quite convenient. Additional spectroscopic features, even with moderate energy resolutions, could provide a useful benefit. As a proof of principle for such a tool, we developed a gamma detector prototype featuring an array of 10 × 10 CsI(Tl) scintillators (1 × 1 × 1 cm3) providing readouts by means of a corresponding array of 6 × 6 mm2 silicon photo multipliers (SiPM). Such a detector table could be easily incorporated into a work desk for quick scanning of possibly radioactive objects. The proposed detector has a good counting efficiency and energy resolution, while the simulations and tests show interesting hot-spot localization capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Longhitano
- INFN Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Elio Poma
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.E.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cosentino
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.E.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Paolo Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.E.P.); (L.C.)
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Hyeon S, Hammig M, Jeong M. Improving light collection efficiency using partitioned light guide on pixelated scintillator-based γ-ray imager. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Carminati M, Scandurra G. Impact and trends in embedding field programmable gate arrays and microcontrollers in scientific instrumentation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:091501. [PMID: 34598486 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcontrollers and field-programmable gate arrays have been largely leveraged in scientific instrumentation since decades. Recent advancements in the performance of these programmable digital devices, with hundreds of I/O pins, up to millions of logic cells, >10 Gb/s connectivity, and hundreds of MHz multiple clocks, have been accelerating this trend, extending the range of functions. The diversification of devices from very low-cost 8-bit microcontrollers up to 32-bit ARM-based ones and a system of chip combining programmable logic with processors make them ubiquitous in modern electronic systems, addressing diverse challenges from ultra-low power operation, with sub-µA quiescent current in sleep mode for portable and Internet of Things applications, to high-performance computing, such as in machine vision. In this Review, the main motivations (compactness, re-configurability, parallelization, low latency for sub-ns timing, and real-time control), the possible approaches of the adoption of embedded devices, and the achievable performances are discussed. Relevant examples of applications in opto-electronics, physics experiments, impedance, vibration, and temperature sensing from the recent literature are also reviewed. From this bird-eye view, key paradigms emerge, such as the blurring of boundaries between digital platforms and the pervasiveness of machine learning algorithms, significantly fostered by the possibility to be run in embedded devices for distributing intelligence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carminati
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - G Scandurra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
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Park S, Boo J, Hammig M, Jeong M. Impact of aperture-thickness on the real-time imaging characteristics of coded-aperture gamma cameras. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Boo J, Hammig MD, Jeong M. Compact lightweight imager of both gamma rays and neutrons based on a pixelated stilbene scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier array. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3826. [PMID: 33589719 PMCID: PMC7884744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual particle imaging, in which both neutrons and gamma-rays in the environment can be individually characterized, is particularly attractive for monitoring mixed radiation emitters such as special nuclear materials (SNM). Effective SNM localization and detection benefits from high instrument sensitivity so that real-time imaging or imaging with a limited number of acquired events is enabled. For portable applications, one also desires a dual particle imager (DPI) that is readily deployable. We have developed a hand-held type DPI equipped with a pixelated stilbene-silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array module and low sampling-rate analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) processed via a multiplexed readout. The stilbene-SiPM array (12 × 12 pixels) is capable of effectively performing pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between gamma-ray and neutron events and neutron/gamma-ray source localization on the imaging plane, as demonstrated with 252Cf neutron/gamma and 137Cs gamma-ray sources. The low sampling rate ADCs connected to the stilbene-SiPM array module result in a compact instrument with high sensitivity that provides a gamma-ray image of a 137Cs source, producing 6.4 μR/h at 1 m, in less than 69 s. A neutron image for a 3.5 × 105 n/s 252Cf source can also be obtained in less than 6 min at 1 m from the center of the system. The instrument images successfully with field of view of 50° and provides angular resolution of 6.8°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Boo
- Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark D Hammig
- Nuclear Engineering & Rad. Sci., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Manhee Jeong
- Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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MCNP-polimi simulation for the compressed-sensing based reconstruction in a coded-aperture imaging CAI extended to partially-coded field-of-view. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Development of hand-held coded-aperture gamma ray imaging system based on GAGG(Ce) scintillator coupled with SiPM array. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Cheng X, Hu K, Shao Y. Dual-Polarity SiPM Readout Electronics Based on 1-bit Sigma-Delta Modulatiom Circuit for PET Detector Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2019; 66:2107-2113. [PMID: 33746246 PMCID: PMC7978155 DOI: 10.1109/tns.2019.2932270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a simple and effective method to extend 1-bit sigma-delta modulation (SDM) circuit based charge-to-digital converter (QDC) to read dual-polarity silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) output signals. With the same QDC circuit but different voltage biases to the circuit components, the new circuit can read and process both positive and negative polarity signals. We conducted experimental studies to validate its ability to read and process dual-polarity signals and evaluated its performance for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector applications. The results, based on energy, coincidence timing and crystal identification measurements, show that the circuit provides equal electronics capability for readout of both polarity signals and good performance for SiPM array-based PET imaging detector applications. Overall, the dual-polarity QDC readout electronics can be easily implemented to extend the range of signal polarity and to provide effective and flexible detector front-end electronics for reading single- or dual-polarity SiPM output signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75391, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75391, USA
| | - Yiping Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75391, USA
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Al Hamrashdi H, Monk SD, Cheneler D. Passive Gamma-Ray and Neutron Imaging Systems for National Security and Nuclear Non-Proliferation in Controlled and Uncontrolled Detection Areas: Review of Past and Current Status. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112638. [PMID: 31212632 PMCID: PMC6603774 DOI: 10.3390/s19112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Global concern for the illicit transportation and trafficking of nuclear materials and other radioactive sources is on the rise, with efficient and rapid security and non-proliferation technologies in more demand than ever. Many factors contribute to this issue, including the increasing number of terrorist cells, gaps in security networks, politically unstable states across the globe and the black-market trading of radioactive sources to unknown parties. The use of passive gamma-ray and neutron detection and imaging technologies in security-sensitive areas and ports has had more impact than most other techniques in detecting and deterring illicit transportation and trafficking of illegal radioactive materials. This work reviews and critically evaluates these techniques as currently utilised within national security and non-proliferation applications and proposes likely avenues of development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen D Monk
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - David Cheneler
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
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Wang D, Ruskov IN, Hu H, Kopatch YN, Grozdanov DN, Fedorov NA, Aliyev FA. Gamma-ray imaging with a time-modulated random coded aperture. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:015107. [PMID: 30709164 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a new industrial gamma-ray imaging system. This system takes advantage of a time-modulated random coded aperture (TMRCA). The gamma-ray detector coupled to the TMRCA can be position-sensitive or non-position-sensitive. The TMRCA imaging system could offer the ability to identify radioactive sources without losing spatial resolution. With a non-position-sensitive BGO detector, a prototype TMRCA imaging system was constructed. The prototype system was investigated with two gamma-ray sources (137Cs, 60Co) and a 238Pu-Be neutron source, which was placed in a paraffin moderator to produce an extended source. The experimental results suggest that the TMRCA imaging system offers the opportunity to achieve high spatial-energy resolution cost-effectively for high-energy gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ivan N Ruskov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Huasi Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuri N Kopatch
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dimitar N Grozdanov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita A Fedorov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fuad A Aliyev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russian Federation
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