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Mostafa Y, Bouza Z, Byers J, Babenko I, Ubachs W, Versolato OO, Bayraktar M. Extreme ultraviolet broadband imaging spectrometer using dispersion-matched zone plates. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4316-4319. [PMID: 37582021 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We present simultaneous 1D imaging and broadband spectroscopy of a laser-produced plasma (LPP) source of extreme ultraviolet light, using a tapered zone plate that is matched to the dispersion of a transmission grating. We describe the design and fabrication of the zone plates in the 5-80 nm wavelength regime with designed spatial resolution of ∼10 µm and spectral resolution of ∼0.8 nm. Subsequently, we benchmark the imaging spectrometer with a solid tin target LPP. Plane wave propagation simulations qualitatively match the experimental results and confirm the device performance.
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Borchert M, Braenzel J, Gnewkow R, Lunin L, Sidiropoulos T, Tümmler J, Will I, Noll T, Reichel O, Rohloff D, Erko A, Krist T, von Korff Schmising C, Pfau B, Eisebitt S, Stiel H, Schick D. Versatile tabletop setup for picosecond time-resolved resonant soft-x-ray scattering and spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:063102. [PMID: 37862537 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a laser-driven, bright, and broadband (50 to 1500 eV) soft-x-ray plasma source with <10 ps pulse duration. This source is employed in two complementary, laboratory-scale beamlines for time-resolved, magnetic resonant scattering and spectroscopy, as well as near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. In both beamlines, dedicated reflection zone plates (RZPs) are used as single optical elements to capture, disperse, and focus the soft x rays, reaching resolving powers up to E/ΔE > 1000, with hybrid RZPs at the NEXAFS beamline retaining a consistent E/ΔE > 500 throughout the full spectral range, allowing for time-efficient data acquisition. We demonstrate the versatility and performance of our setup by a selection of soft-x-ray spectroscopy and scattering experiments, which so far have not been possible on a laboratory scale. Excellent data quality, combined with experimental flexibility, renders our approach a true alternative to large-scale facilities, such as synchrotron-radiation sources and free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Braenzel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Gnewkow
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid Lunin
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Tümmler
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Will
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tino Noll
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Reichel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Rohloff
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Krist
- NOB Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, 10627 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Pfau
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Stiel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Stiel H, Braenzel J, Jonas A, Gnewkow R, Glöggler LT, Sommer D, Krist T, Erko A, Tümmler J, Mantouvalou I. Towards Understanding Excited-State Properties of Organic Molecules Using Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13463. [PMID: 34948258 PMCID: PMC8706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extension of the pump-probe approach known from UV/VIS spectroscopy to very short wavelengths together with advanced simulation techniques allows a detailed analysis of excited-state dynamics in organic molecules or biomolecular structures on a nanosecond to femtosecond time level. Optical pump soft X-ray probe spectroscopy is a relatively new approach to detect and characterize optically dark states in organic molecules, exciton dynamics or transient ligand-to-metal charge transfer states. In this paper, we describe two experimental setups for transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy based on an LPP emitting picosecond and sub-nanosecond soft X-ray pulses in the photon energy range between 50 and 1500 eV. We apply these setups for near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) investigations of thin films of a metal-free porphyrin, an aggregate forming carbocyanine and a nickel oxide molecule. NEXAFS investigations have been carried out at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edge as well as on the Ni L-edge. From time-resolved NEXAFS carbon, K-edge measurements of the metal-free porphyrin first insights into a long-lived trap state are gained. Our findings are discussed and compared with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stiel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Julia Braenzel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Adrian Jonas
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Gnewkow
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Theresa Glöggler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denny Sommer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Krist
- NOB Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, D-10627 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Johannes Tümmler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Kleine C, Ekimova M, Winghart MO, Eckert S, Reichel O, Löchel H, Probst J, Braig C, Seifert C, Erko A, Sokolov A, Vrakking MJJ, Nibbering ETJ, Rouzée A. Highly efficient soft x-ray spectrometer for transient absorption spectroscopy with broadband table-top high harmonic sources. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034302. [PMID: 34235230 PMCID: PMC8249000 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel soft x-ray spectrometer for ultrafast absorption spectroscopy utilizing table-top femtosecond high-order harmonic sources. Where most commercially available spectrometers rely on spherical variable line space gratings with a typical efficiency on the order of 3% in the first diffractive order, this spectrometer, based on a Hettrick-Underwood design, includes a reflective zone plate as a dispersive element. An improved efficiency of 12% at the N K-edge is achieved, accompanied by a resolving power of 890. The high performance of the soft x-ray spectrometer is further demonstrated by comparing nitrogen K-edge absorption spectra from calcium nitrate in aqueous solution obtained with our high-order harmonic source to previous measurements performed at the electron storage ring facility BESSY II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kleine
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Winghart
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckert
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Reichel
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Löchel
- Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, Krumme Strasse 64, 10627 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Probst
- Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, Krumme Strasse 64, 10627 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Braig
- Institute of Applied Photonics (IAP) e.V., Rudower Chaussee 29/31, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Seifert
- Institute of Applied Photonics (IAP) e.V., Rudower Chaussee 29/31, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexei Erko
- Institute of Applied Photonics (IAP) e.V., Rudower Chaussee 29/31, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Sokolov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc J. J. Vrakking
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max Born Str. 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Jonas A, Stiel H, Glöggler L, Dahm D, Dammer K, Kanngießer B, Mantouvalou I. Towards Poisson noise limited optical pump soft X-ray probe NEXAFS spectroscopy using a laser-produced plasma source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36524-36537. [PMID: 31873429 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a laboratory setup for near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) in the soft X-ray regime between 284 eV to 1303 eV with a resolving power of up to 1370. Based on a laser-produced plasma source, a pair of identical reflection zone plates and an X-ray CCD camera, the setup is intended for optical pump X-ray probe NEXAFS measurements with a detectable change in absorption of the excited sample down to 10-4 and 500 ps time resolution. Because of the high stability of the source the statistical error only depends on the detector response and the number of photons detected and can reach the detector noise limit after a couple of thousands single shots. Thus, structure-function relationship investigations of bio-molecules are rendered feasible in the laboratory.
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