1
|
Citty B, Lynd JK, Gera T, Varvelo L, Raccah DIGB. MesoHOPS: Size-invariant scaling calculations of multi-excitation open quantum systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144118. [PMID: 38619062 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoexcitation dynamics of molecular materials on the 10-100 nm length scale depend on complex interactions between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, rendering exact calculations difficult or intractable. The adaptive Hierarchy of Pure States (adHOPS) is a formally exact method that leverages the locality imposed by interactions between thermal environments and electronic excitations to achieve size-invariant scaling calculations for single-excitation processes in systems described by a Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. Here, we extend adHOPS to account for arbitrary couplings between thermal environments and vertical excitation energies, enabling formally exact, size-invariant calculations that involve multiple excitations or states with shared thermal environments. In addition, we introduce a low-temperature correction and an effective integration of the noise to reduce the computational expense of including ultrafast vibrational relaxation in Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) simulations. We present these advances in the latest version of the open-source MesoHOPS library and use MesoHOPS to characterize charge separation at a one-dimensional organic heterojunction when both the electron and hole are mobile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Citty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jacob K Lynd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tarun Gera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Leonel Varvelo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750314 Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
| | - Doran I G B Raccah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boettcher V, Hartmann R, Beyer K, Strunz WT. Dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum heat engine-Computing bath observables from the hierarchy of pure states. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094108. [PMID: 38436445 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a fully quantum dynamical treatment of a quantum heat engine and its baths based on the Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS), an exact and general method for open quantum system dynamics. We show how the change of the bath energy and the interaction energy can be determined within HOPS for arbitrary coupling strength and smooth time dependence of the modulation protocol. The dynamics of all energetic contributions during the operation can be carefully examined both in its initial transient phase and, also later, in its periodic steady state. A quantum Otto engine with a qubit as an inherently nonlinear work medium is studied in a regime where the energy associated with the interaction Hamiltonian plays an important role for the global energy balance and, thus, must not be neglected when calculating its power and efficiency. We confirm that the work required to drive the coupling with the baths sensitively depends on the speed of the modulation protocol. Remarkably, departing from the conventional scheme of well-separated phases by allowing for temporal overlap, we discover that one can even gain energy from the modulation of bath interactions. We visualize these various work contributions using the analog of state change diagrams of thermodynamic cycles. We offer a concise, full presentation of HOPS with its extension to bath observables, as it serves as a universal tool for the numerically exact description of general quantum dynamical (thermodynamic) scenarios far from the weak-coupling limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Boettcher
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Richard Hartmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Beyer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Walter T Strunz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gera T, Chen L, Eisfeld A, Reimers JR, Taffet EJ, Raccah DIGB. Simulating optical linear absorption for mesoscale molecular aggregates: An adaptive hierarchy of pure states approach. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887556. [PMID: 37125709 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present dyadic adaptive HOPS (DadHOPS), a new method for calculating linear absorption spectra for large molecular aggregates. This method combines the adaptive HOPS (adHOPS) framework, which uses locality to improve computational scaling, with the dyadic HOPS method previously developed to calculate linear and nonlinear spectroscopic signals. To construct a local representation of dyadic HOPS, we introduce an initial state decomposition that reconstructs the linear absorption spectra from a sum over locally excited initial conditions. We demonstrate the sum over initial conditions can be efficiently Monte Carlo sampled and that the corresponding calculations achieve size-invariant [i.e., O(1)] scaling for sufficiently large aggregates while trivially incorporating static disorder in the Hamiltonian. We present calculations on the photosystem I core complex to explore the behavior of the initial state decomposition in complex molecular aggregates as well as proof-of-concept DadHOPS calculations on an artificial molecular aggregate inspired by perylene bis-imide to demonstrate the size-invariance of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Gera
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box, Dallas, Texas 750314, USA
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and the School of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elliot J Taffet
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box, Dallas, Texas 750314, USA
| | - Doran I G B Raccah
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box, Dallas, Texas 750314, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varvelo L, Lynd JK, Citty B, Kühn O, Raccah DIGB. Formally Exact Simulations of Mesoscale Exciton Diffusion in a Light-Harvesting 2 Antenna Nanoarray. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3077-3083. [PMID: 36947483 PMCID: PMC10069740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of plants and bacteria combine atomically precise pigment-protein complexes with dynamic membrane architectures to control energy transfer on the 10-100 nm length scales. Recently, synthetic materials have integrated photosynthetic antenna proteins to enhance exciton transport, though the influence of artificial packing on the excited-state dynamics in these biohybrid materials is not fully understood. Here, we use the adaptive hierarchy of pure states (adHOPS) to perform a formally exact simulation of excitation energy transfer within artificial aggregates of light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) with a range of packing densities. We find that LH2 aggregates support a remarkable exciton diffusion length ranging from 100 nm at a biological packing density to 300 nm at the densest packing previously suggested in an artificial aggregate. The unprecedented scale of these formally exact calculations also underscores the efficiency with which adHOPS simulates excited-state processes in molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Varvelo
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Jacob K. Lynd
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Brian Citty
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute
of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doran I. G. B. Raccah
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Bennett DIG, Eisfeld A. Calculating non-linear response functions for multi-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using dyadic non-Markovian quantum state diffusion. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:114104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a methodology for simulating multi-dimensional electronic spectra of molecular aggregates with coupling of electronic excitation to a structured environment using the stochastic non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) method in combination with perturbation theory for the response functions. A crucial aspect of our approach is that we propagate the NMQSD equation in a doubled system Hilbert space, but with the same noise. We demonstrate that our approach shows fast convergence with respect to the number of stochastic trajectories, providing a promising technique for numerical calculation of two-dimensional electronic spectra of large molecular aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Germany
| | - Doran I. G Bennett
- Chemistry, Southern Methodist University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen L, Bennett DIG, Eisfeld A. Simulation of absorption spectra of molecular aggregates: A hierarchy of stochastic pure state approach. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulation of spectroscopic observables for molecular aggregates with strong and structured coupling of electronic excitation to vibrational degrees of freedom is an important but challenging task. The Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) provides a formally exact solution based on local, stochastic trajectories. Exploiting the localization of HOPS for the simulation of absorption spectra in large aggregates requires a formulation in terms of normalized trajectories. Here, we provide a normalized dyadic equation where the ket- and bra-states are propagated in different electronic Hilbert spaces. This work opens the door to applying adaptive HOPS methods for the simulation of absorption spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, Germany
| | - Doran I. G. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahu A, Kurian JS, Tiwari V. Vibronic resonance is inadequately described by one-particle basis sets. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0029027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amitav Sahu
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Jo Sony Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang YC, Zhao Y. The hierarchical stochastic schrödinger equations: Theory and applications. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|