1
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Lee Y, Oang KY, Kim D, Ihee H. A comparative review of time-resolved x-ray and electron scattering to probe structural dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:031301. [PMID: 38706888 PMCID: PMC11065455 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The structure of molecules, particularly the dynamic changes in structure, plays an essential role in understanding physical and chemical phenomena. Time-resolved (TR) scattering techniques serve as crucial experimental tools for studying structural dynamics, offering direct sensitivity to molecular structures through scattering signals. Over the past decade, the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED) facilities has ushered TR scattering experiments into a new era, garnering significant attention. In this review, we delve into the basic principles of TR scattering experiments, especially focusing on those that employ x-rays and electrons. We highlight the variations in experimental conditions when employing x-rays vs electrons and discuss their complementarity. Additionally, cutting-edge XFELs and MeV-UED facilities for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments and the experiments performed at those facilities are reviewed. As new facilities are constructed and existing ones undergo upgrades, the landscape for TR x-ray and electron scattering experiments is poised for further expansion. Through this review, we aim to facilitate the effective utilization of these emerging opportunities, assisting researchers in delving deeper into the intricate dynamics of molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Key Young Oang
- Radiation Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon 34057, South Korea
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2
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Weakly RB, Liekhus-Schmaltz CE, Poulter BI, Biasin E, Alonso-Mori R, Aquila A, Boutet S, Fuller FD, Ho PJ, Kroll T, Loe CM, Lutman A, Zhu D, Bergmann U, Schoenlein RW, Govind N, Khalil M. Revealing core-valence interactions in solution with femtosecond X-ray pump X-ray probe spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3384. [PMID: 37291130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy using ultrafast optical and infrared pulses has become an essential tool to discover and understand complex electronic and structural dynamics in solvated molecular, biological, and material systems. Here we report the experimental realization of an ultrafast two-color X-ray pump X-ray probe transient absorption experiment performed in solution. A 10 fs X-ray pump pulse creates a localized excitation by removing a 1s electron from an Fe atom in solvated ferro- and ferricyanide complexes. Following the ensuing Auger-Meitner cascade, the second X-ray pulse probes the Fe 1s → 3p transitions in resultant novel core-excited electronic states. Careful comparison of the experimental spectra with theory, extracts +2 eV shifts in transition energies per valence hole, providing insight into correlated interactions of valence 3d with 3p and deeper-lying electrons. Such information is essential for accurate modeling and predictive synthesis of transition metal complexes relevant for applications ranging from catalysis to information storage technology. This study demonstrates the experimental realization of the scientific opportunities possible with the continued development of multicolor multi-pulse X-ray spectroscopy to study electronic correlations in complex condensed phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Benjamin I Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elisa Biasin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Franklin D Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Caroline M Loe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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3
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Ilchen M, Schmidt P, Novikovskiy NM, Hartmann G, Rupprecht P, Coffee RN, Ehresmann A, Galler A, Hartmann N, Helml W, Huang Z, Inhester L, Lutman AA, MacArthur JP, Maxwell T, Meyer M, Music V, Nuhn HD, Osipov T, Ray D, Wolf TJA, Bari S, Walter P, Li Z, Moeller S, Knie A, Demekhin PV. Site-specific interrogation of an ionic chiral fragment during photolysis using an X-ray free-electron laser. Commun Chem 2021; 4:119. [PMID: 36697819 PMCID: PMC9814667 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-wavelength free-electron lasers with their ultrashort pulses at high intensities have originated new approaches for tracking molecular dynamics from the vista of specific sites. X-ray pump X-ray probe schemes even allow to address individual atomic constituents with a 'trigger'-event that preludes the subsequent molecular dynamics while being able to selectively probe the evolving structure with a time-delayed second X-ray pulse. Here, we use a linearly polarized X-ray photon to trigger the photolysis of a prototypical chiral molecule, namely trifluoromethyloxirane (C3H3F3O), at the fluorine K-edge at around 700 eV. The created fluorine-containing fragments are then probed by a second, circularly polarized X-ray pulse of higher photon energy in order to investigate the chemically shifted inner-shell electrons of the ionic mother-fragment for their stereochemical sensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically support how two-color X-ray pump X-ray probe experiments with polarization control enable XFELs as tools for chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ilchen
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany ,grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany ,Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Philipp Schmidt
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany ,grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Nikolay M. Novikovskiy
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany ,grid.182798.d0000 0001 2172 8170Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gregor Hartmann
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany ,grid.424048.e0000 0001 1090 3682Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Rupprecht
- grid.419604.e0000 0001 2288 6103Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryan N. Coffee
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Galler
- grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Nick Hartmann
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Wolfram Helml
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Fakultät für Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Ludger Inhester
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alberto A. Lutman
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - James P. MacArthur
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Timothy Maxwell
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Michael Meyer
- grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Valerija Music
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany ,grid.434729.f0000 0004 0590 2900European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Heinz-Dieter Nuhn
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA USA ,grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Sadia Bari
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Zheng Li
- grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Moeller
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - André Knie
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- grid.5155.40000 0001 1089 1036Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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4
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Wang J, Bulanov SV, Chen M, Lei B, Zhang Y, Zagidullin R, Zorina V, Yu W, Leng Y, Li R, Zepf M, Rykovanov SG. Relativistic slingshot: A source for single circularly polarized attosecond x-ray pulses. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:061201. [PMID: 33466060 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism to generate a single intense circularly polarized attosecond x-ray pulse from the interaction of a circularly polarized relativistic few-cycle laser pulse with an ultrathin foil at normal incidence. Analytical modeling and particle-in-cell simulation demonstrate that a huge charge-separation field can be produced when all the electrons are displaced from the target by the incident laser, resulting in a high-quality relativistic electron mirror that propagates against the tail of the laser pulse. The latter is efficiently reflected as well as compressed into an attosecond pulse that is also circularly polarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sergei V Bulanov
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI-Beamlines Project, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Min Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bifeng Lei
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rishat Zagidullin
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Veronika Zorina
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Matt Zepf
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sergey G Rykovanov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
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5
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Rouxel JR, Keefer D, Mukamel S. Signatures of electronic and nuclear coherences in ultrafast molecular x-ray and electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:014101. [PMID: 33457447 PMCID: PMC7803382 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond x-ray and electron diffraction hold promise to image the evolving structures of single molecules. We present a unified quantum-electrodynamical formulation of diffraction signals, based on the exact many-body nuclear + electronic wavefunction that can be extracted from quantum chemistry simulations. This gives a framework for analyzing various approximate molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the complete description of ultrafast diffraction signals contains interesting contributions involving mixed elastic and inelastic scattered photons that are usually masked by other larger contributions and are neglected. These terms include overlaps of nuclear wavepackets between different electronic states that provide an electronic decoherence mechanism and are important for the time-resolved imaging of conical intersections.
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6
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Orville AM. Recent results in time resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at XFELs. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 65:193-208. [PMID: 33049498 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (tr-SFX) methods exploit slurries of crystalline samples that range in size from hundreds of nanometers to a few tens of micrometers, at near-physiological temperature and pressure, to generate atomic resolution models and probe authentic function with the same experiment. 'Dynamic structural biology' is often used to encompass the research philosophy and techniques. Reaction cycles for tr-SFX studies are initiated by photons or ligand addition/mixing strategies, wherein the latter are potentially generalizable across enzymology. Thus, dynamic structural biology often creates stop-motion molecular movies of macromolecular function. In metal-dependent systems, complementary spectroscopic information can also be collected from the same samples and X-ray pulses, which provides even more detailed mechanistic insights. These types of experimental data also complement quantum mechanical and classical dynamics numerical calculations. Correlated structural-functional results will yield more detailed mechanistic insights and will likely translate into better drugs and treatments impacting human health, and better catalysis for clean energy and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Orville
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom.
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7
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Nass K, Gorel A, Abdullah MM, V Martin A, Kloos M, Marinelli A, Aquila A, Barends TRM, Decker FJ, Bruce Doak R, Foucar L, Hartmann E, Hilpert M, Hunter MS, Jurek Z, Koglin JE, Kozlov A, Lutman AA, Kovacs GN, Roome CM, Shoeman RL, Santra R, Quiney HM, Ziaja B, Boutet S, Schlichting I. Structural dynamics in proteins induced by and probed with X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1814. [PMID: 32286284 PMCID: PMC7156470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic structure determination beyond the limitations imposed upon synchrotron measurements by radiation damage. The need for very short XFEL pulses is relieved through gating of Bragg diffraction by loss of crystalline order as damage progresses, but not if ionization events are spatially non-uniform due to underlying elemental distributions, as in biological samples. Indeed, correlated movements of iron and sulfur ions were observed in XFEL-irradiated ferredoxin microcrystals using unusually long pulses of 80 fs. Here, we report a femtosecond time-resolved X-ray pump/X-ray probe experiment on protein nanocrystals. We observe changes in the protein backbone and aromatic residues as well as disulfide bridges. Simulations show that the latter’s correlated structural dynamics are much slower than expected for the predicted high atomic charge states due to significant impact of ion caging and plasma electron screening. This indicates that dense-environment effects can strongly affect local radiation damage-induced structural dynamics. The local X-ray-induced dynamics that occur in protein crystals during serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) measurements at XFELs are not well understood. Here the authors performed a time-resolved X-ray pump X-ray probe SFX experiment, and they observe distinct structural changes in the disulfide bridges and peptide backbone of proteins; complementing theoretical approaches allow them to further characterize the details of the X-ray induced ionization and local structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Nass
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gorel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malik M Abdullah
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Marco Kloos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas R M Barends
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R Bruce Doak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Hilpert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark S Hunter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason E Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gabriela Nass Kovacs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher M Roome
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert L Shoeman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harry M Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Beata Ziaja
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ilme Schlichting
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
The advent of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in the last decade created the discipline of serial crystallography but also the challenge of how crystal samples are delivered to X-ray. Early sample delivery methods demonstrated the proof-of-concept for serial crystallography and XFEL but were beset with challenges of high sample consumption, jet clogging and low data collection efficiency. The potential of XFEL and serial crystallography as the next frontier of structural solution by X-ray for small and weakly diffracting crystals and provision of ultra-fast time-resolved structural data spawned a huge amount of scientific interest and innovation. To utilize the full potential of XFEL and broaden its applicability to a larger variety of biological samples, researchers are challenged to develop better sample delivery methods. Thus, sample delivery is one of the key areas of research and development in the serial crystallography scientific community. Sample delivery currently falls into three main systems: jet-based methods, fixed-target chips, and drop-on-demand. Huge strides have since been made in reducing sample consumption and improving data collection efficiency, thus enabling the use of XFEL for many biological systems to provide high-resolution, radiation damage-free structural data as well as time-resolved dynamics studies. This review summarizes the current main strategies in sample delivery and their respective pros and cons, as well as some future direction.
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9
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10
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Makita M, Vartiainen I, Mohacsi I, Caleman C, Diaz A, Jönsson HO, Juranić P, Medvedev N, Meents A, Mozzanica A, Opara NL, Padeste C, Panneels V, Saxena V, Sikorski M, Song S, Vera L, Willmott PR, Beaud P, Milne CJ, Ziaja-Motyka B, David C. Femtosecond phase-transition in hard x-ray excited bismuth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:602. [PMID: 30679456 PMCID: PMC6345934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of bismuth crystal structure upon excitation of its A1g phonon has been intensely studied with short pulse optical lasers. Here we present the first-time observation of a hard x-ray induced ultrafast phase transition in a bismuth single crystal at high intensities (~1014 W/cm2). The lattice evolution was followed using a recently demonstrated x-ray single-shot probing setup. The time evolution of the (111) Bragg peak intensity showed strong dependence on the excitation fluence. After exposure to a sufficiently intense x-ray pulse, the peak intensity dropped to zero within 300 fs, i.e. faster than one oscillation period of the A1g mode at room temperature. Our analysis indicates a nonthermal origin of a lattice disordering process, and excludes interpretations based on electron-ion equilibration process, or on thermodynamic heating process leading to plasma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makita
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - I Vartiainen
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I Mohacsi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - C Caleman
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H O Jönsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Applied physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N Medvedev
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic.,Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Meents
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mozzanica
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N L Opara
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,C-CINA Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Padeste
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Panneels
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Saxena
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428, India
| | - M Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - S Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - L Vera
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P R Willmott
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C J Milne
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Ziaja-Motyka
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - C David
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Helk T, Zürch M, Spielmann C. Perspective: Towards single shot time-resolved microscopy using short wavelength table-top light sources. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:010902. [PMID: 30868083 PMCID: PMC6404932 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved imaging allows revealing the interaction mechanisms in the microcosm of both inorganic and biological objects. While X-ray microscopy has proven its advantages for resolving objects beyond what can be achieved using optical microscopes, dynamic studies using full-field imaging at the nanometer scale are still in their infancy. In this perspective, we present the current state of the art techniques for full-field imaging in the extreme-ultraviolet- and soft X-ray-regime which are suitable for single exposure applications as they are paramount for studying dynamics in nanoscale systems. We evaluate the performance of currently available table-top sources, with special emphasis on applications, photon flux, and coherence. Examples for applications of single shot imaging in physics, biology, and industrial applications are discussed.
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