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Nie C, Peng F, Cao R, Cui K, Sheng J, Chen W, Li L. Recent progress in flow‐induced polymer crystallization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Nie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Fan Peng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Renkuan Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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2
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Chen S, Chen W, Ren Y, Sun J, Wang J, Yang Y. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Nascent Polyethylene Crystallization in Confined Space: Nucleation and Lamella Orientation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Stretching-induced Nucleation and Crystallization of Cyclic Polyethylene: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Sheng J, Chen W, Cui K, Li L. Polymer crystallization under external flow. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:036601. [PMID: 35060493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac4d92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The general aspects of polymer crystallization under external flow, i.e., flow-induced crystallization (FIC) from fundamental theoretical background to multi-scale characterization and modeling results are presented. FIC is crucial for modern polymer processing, such as blowing, casting, and injection modeling, as two-third of daily-used polymers is crystalline, and nearly all of them need to be processed before final applications. For academics, the FIC is intrinsically far from equilibrium, where the polymer crystallization behavior is different from that in quiescent conditions. The continuous investigation of crystallization contributes to a better understanding on the general non-equilibrium ordering in condensed physics. In the current review, the general theories related to polymer nucleation under flow (FIN) were summarized first as a preliminary knowledge. Various theories and models, i.e., coil-stretch transition and entropy reduction model, are briefly presented together with the modified versions. Subsequently, the multi-step ordering process of FIC is discussed in detail, including chain extension, conformational ordering, density fluctuation, and final perfection of the polymer crystalline. These achievements for a thorough understanding of the fundamental basis of FIC benefit from the development of various hyphenated rheometer, i.e., rheo-optical spectroscopy, rheo-IR, and rheo-x-ray scattering. The selected experimental results are introduced to present efforts on elucidating the multi-step and hierarchical structure transition during FIC. Then, the multi-scale modeling methods are summarized, including micro/meso scale simulation and macroscopic continuum modeling. At last, we briefly describe our personal opinions related to the future directions of this field, aiming to ultimately establish the unified theory of FIC and promote building of the more applicable models in the polymer processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Ming Y, Li S, Hao T, Nie Y. Molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of carbon nanotube content on stretch-induced crystallization of polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16021-16030. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on stretch-induced crystallization behaviors in CNT filled polyethylene systems. During high-temperature stretching,...
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6
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Precursor formation and crystal nucleation in stretched polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Nie C, Peng F, Xu T, Ding Y, Sheng J, Chen W, Li L. Biaxial Stretch-Induced Crystallization of Polymers: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Nie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Peng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiwei Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Jeong JH, Lee YK, Ahn KH. Drying mechanism of monodisperse colloidal film: Evolution of normal stress and its correlation with microstructure. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Young Ki Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
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A Unified Thermodynamic Model of Flow-induced Crystallization of Polymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hall KW, Percec S, Shinoda W, Klein ML. Chain-End Modification: A Starting Point for Controlling Polymer Crystal Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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He J, Liu Y, Liu F, Zhou J, Huo H. Roles of solution concentration and shear rate in the shear-induced crystallization of P3HT. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19673-19681. [PMID: 35479231 PMCID: PMC9033596 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic shear can induce the formation of flow-induced precursors (FIPs) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in toluene. The shear temperature, solution concentration and shear rate determine the FIP content. The FIP is metastable. Upon fixing the shear rate at 1.0 s−1 and the shear temperature at 60 °C (or 80 °C for a 5.0 mg mL−1 solution), when the shear stress σ exceeds the critical values, a further increase in σ may destroy the formed FIP during shear, leading to the amount of FIPs first increasing when the solution concentration increases from 0.2 mg mL−1 to 0.4 mg mL−1 and then gradually decreasing with a further increase in the solution concentration from 0.7 mg mL−1 to 5.0 mg mL−1. Upon fixing the shear temperature at 60 °C (or 80 °C for a 5.0 mg mL−1 solution), the high concentration P3HT solution has high viscosity, leading to more mechanical energy being dissipated under shear, resulting in the most suitable shear rate increases with increasing solution concentration to reduce the entropy. The reduction in entropy is related to the formation of FIPs, and thus, the most suitable shear rate at which the largest FIP content can be obtained increases with increasing solution concentration. The FIP content dramatically affects the crystallization of P3HT in toluene. Increasing the FIP content can accelerate nucleation and crystallization, and change the crystallization mechanism from a second-order reaction to a first-order reaction of P3HT aggregates. The shear temperature and solution concentration determine the FIP content. Increasing FIPs can accelerate the crystallization kinetics and change the crystallization mechanism from a second-order to a first-order reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
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Xu D, Lu Y, Luo C. Pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in crystallization of short n-alkane droplets: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084903. [PMID: 32872849 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We carry out molecular dynamics simulations by using an all-atom model to study the nucleation and crystallization of n-alkane droplets under three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional conditions. We focus on the development of orientational order of chains from a random state to a neatly ordered one. Two new methods, the map of symmetry breaking and the information entropy of chain orientations, are introduced to characterize the emerge and remelting phenomena of a primary nucleus at the early stage of crystallization. Stepwise nucleation, as well as the surface induced nucleation, of large droplets is observed. We elucidate the kinetic process of the formation of a primary nucleus and the rearrangement of every single molecule involved in a primary nucleus. We found that density fluctuation and orientational preordering are coupled together and occur simultaneously in nucleation. Our results show the pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in the crystallization of n-alkane droplets that are heuristic for the deeper understanding of the crystallization in more complex molecules such as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Hall KW, Percec S, Shinoda W, Klein ML. Property Decoupling across the Embryonic Nucleus-Melt Interface during Polymer Crystal Nucleation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4793-4804. [PMID: 32413263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatial distributions are presented that quantitatively capture how polymer properties (e.g., segment alignment, density, and potential energy) vary with distance from nascent polymer crystals (nuclei) in prototypical polyethylene melts. It is revealed that the spatial extent of nuclei and their interfaces is metric-dependent as is the extent to which nucleus interiors are solid-like. As distance from a nucleus increases, some properties, such as density, decay to melt-like behavior more rapidly than polymer segment alignment, indicating that a polymer nucleus resides in a nematic-like droplet. This nematic-like droplet region coincides with enhanced formation of ordered polymer segments that are not part of the nucleus. It is more favorable to find nonconstituent ordered polymer segments near a nucleus than in the surrounding metastable melt, pointing to the possibility of one nucleus inducing the formation of other nuclei. In this vein, there is also a second region of enhanced ordering that lies along the nematic director of a nucleus, but beyond its nematic droplet and fold regions. These results indicate that crystal stacking, a key characteristic of lamellae in semicrystalline polymeric materials, begins to emerge during the earliest stages of polymer crystallization (i.e., crystal nucleation). More generally, the findings of this study provide a conceptual bridge between polymer crystal nucleation under nonflow and flow conditions and are used to rationalize previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michael L Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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14
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Nicholson DA, Rutledge GC. Flow-induced inhomogeneity and enhanced nucleation in a long alkane melt. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Liu Z, Zhou Z, Ming Y, Zhang S, Hao T, Nie Y. Molecular dynamics simulations of nucleation details in stretched polyethylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Hall KW, Sirk TW, Percec S, Klein ML, Shinoda W. Monodisperse Polymer Melts Crystallize via Structurally Polydisperse Nanoscale Clusters: Insights from Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E447. [PMID: 32074962 PMCID: PMC7077701 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that monodisperse entangled polymer melts crystallize via the formation of nanoscale nascent polymer crystals (i.e., nuclei) that exhibit substantial variability in terms of their constituent crystalline polymer chain segments (stems). More specifically, large-scale coarse-grain molecular simulations are used to quantify the evolution of stem length distributions and their properties during the formation of polymer nuclei in supercooled prototypical polyethylene melts. Stems can adopt a range of lengths within an individual nucleus (e.g., ∼1-10 nm) while two nuclei of comparable size can have markedly different stem distributions. As such, the attainment of chemically monodisperse polymer specimens is not sufficient to achieve physical uniformity and consistency. Furthermore, stem length distributions and their evolution indicate that polymer crystal nucleation (i.e., the initial emergence of a nascent crystal) is phenomenologically distinct from crystal growth. These results highlight that the tailoring of polymeric materials requires strategies for controlling polymer crystal nucleation and growth at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Timothy W. Sirk
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
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Tang X, Chen W, Li L. The Tough Journey of Polymer Crystallization: Battling with Chain Flexibility and Connectivity. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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