1
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Hirai Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kasahara C, Hirose H, Futaki S. Liquid Droplet-Mediated Formulation of Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Immunoglobulin G for Cytosolic Delivery. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1653-1661. [PMID: 38290425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are promising biopharmaceuticals that offer new therapeutic options for diseases. Since antibodies are membrane impermeable, approaches that allow immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) to access intracellular therapeutic targets would open new horizons in antibody therapies. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are among the classes of vectors that deliver biopharmaceuticals into cells. Using liquid droplets formed by IgG and polyglutamate, we report here a unique approach to forming LNPs containing IgG via liquid droplets formed in the presence of polyglutamic acid (polyE). The addition of polyE promoted the formation of smaller LNPs with cationic lipids than in its absence, and the formed LNPs were much more efficient in cytosolic IgG delivery and targeting of cellular proteins. This approach also allows for the encapsulation of intact IgG without the need for chemical or sequence modification. The intracellularly delivered IgG retained its target binding ability, as demonstrated by labeling of nuclear pore complex and HRas-GFP and inhibition of antiapoptotic cell death by phosphorylated Akt protein in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kawaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Chisato Kasahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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2
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Lapenna A, Dagallier C, Huille S, Tribet C. Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Viscosity Reducers for Concentrated Formulations of a Monoclonal IgG Antibody. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:982-991. [PMID: 38240032 PMCID: PMC10849046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Above a concentration threshold, the viscosity of solutions of proteins increases abruptly, which hampers the injectability of therapeutic formulations. Concentrations above 200 g/L are an ideal goal for subcutaneous application of antibodies. Molecular additives, such as amino acids (e.g., arginine) help decrease the viscosity, but they are used at concentrations as high as about 200 mmol/L. We addressed the question of whether poly(amino acids) could be more efficient than small molecular additives. We observed marked fluidification of a model therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution by poly(d,l-glutamic acid) and poly(l-glutamic acid) derivatives added at concentrations of <6.5 g/L (i.e., a mAb/polymer chain molar ratio between 4:1 and 1:1 mol/mol). The bare poly(glutamate) parent chains were compared with polyethylene glycol-grafted chains as PEGylation is a common way to enhance stability. Viscosity could be decreased to ∼20 mPa s as compared to values of ∼100 mPa s in the absence of polymers at 200 g/L mAb. Formation of complexes between the mAb and the polyglutamates was characterized by capillary electrophoresis analysis in dilute solutions (1 g/L mAb) and by observation of phase separation at higher concentrations, suggesting tight association at about 2:1 mol/mol mAb/polymer. Altogether, these results show that polyglutamate derivatives hold an untapped potential as an excipient for fluidification of concentrated protein solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Lapenna
- Département
de Chimie, PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camille Dagallier
- Biologics
Formulation & Process Development, Biologics
Drug Product Development Department, SANOFI R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde- BP 14, Vitry-sur-Seine 94403, France
| | - Sylvain Huille
- Biologics
Formulation & Process Development, Biologics
Drug Product Development Department, SANOFI R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde- BP 14, Vitry-sur-Seine 94403, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- Département
de Chimie, PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
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3
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Yoshida T, Sakakibara N, Ura T, Minamiki T, Shiraki K. Cationic polyelectrolytes prevent the aggregation of l-lactate dehydrogenase under unstable conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128549. [PMID: 38043662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Unstructured biological macromolecules have attracted attention as protein aggregation inhibitors in living cells. Some are characterized by their free structural configuration, highly charged, and water-soluble. However, the importance of these properties in inhibiting protein aggregation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of charged poly (amino acids), which mimic these properties, on aggregation of l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and compared their effects to monomeric amino acids and folded proteins. LDH was stable and active at a neutral pH (~7) but formed inactive aggregates at acidic pH (< 6). Adding cationic polyelectrolytes of poly-l-lysine and poly-l-arginine suppressed the acid-induced aggregation and inactivation of LDH under acidic pH values. Adding monomeric amino acids and cationic folded proteins also prevented LDH aggregation but with lower efficacy than cationic polyelectrolytes. These results indicate that unstructured polyelectrolytes effectively stabilize unstable enzymes because they interact flexibly and multivalently with them. Our findings provide a simple method for stabilizing enzymes under unstable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Yoshida
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Nanako Sakakibara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoto Ura
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Minamiki
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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4
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Moses K, Van Tassel PR. Polyelectrolyte Influence on Beta-Hairpin Peptide Stability: A Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:359-370. [PMID: 36574611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of proteins and charged macromolecules (polyelectrolytes) find important applications as pharmaceutical formulations, biocatalysts, and cell-contacting substrates. A key question is how the polymer component influences the structure and function of the protein. The present paper addresses the influence of charged polymers on the thermal stability of two model beta-hairpin-forming peptides through an all-atom, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. The (negatively charged) peptides consist of the terminal 16 amino acids of the B1 domain of Protein G (GB1) and a variant with three of the GB1 residues substituted with tryptophan (Tryptophan Zipper 4, or TZ4). A (cationic) lysine polymer is seen to thermally stabilize TZ4 and destabilize GB1, while a (also cationic) chitosan polymer slightly stabilizes GB1 but has essentially no effect on TZ4. Free energy profiles reveal folded and unfolded conformations to be separated by kinetic barriers generally acting in the direction of the thermodynamically favored state. Through application of an Ising-like statistical mechanical model, a mechanism is proposed based on competition between (indirect) entropic stabilization of folded versus unfolded states and (direct) competition for hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. These findings have important implications to the design of polyelectrolyte-based materials for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moses
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Paul R Van Tassel
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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5
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Simončič M, Hritz J, Lukšič M. Biomolecular Complexation on the "Wrong Side": A Case Study of the Influence of Salts and Sugars on the Interactions between Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4412-4426. [PMID: 36134887 PMCID: PMC9554918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the protein purification, drug delivery, food industry, and biotechnological applications involving protein-polyelectrolyte complexation, proper selection of co-solutes and solution conditions plays a crucial role. The onset of (bio)macromolecular complexation occurs even on the so-called "wrong side" of the protein isoionic point where both the protein and the polyelectrolyte are net like-charged. To gain mechanistic insights into the modulatory role of salts (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) and sugars (sucrose and sucralose) in protein-polyelectrolyte complexation under such conditions, interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) at pH = 8.0 was studied by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and thermodynamic modeling. The BSA-NaPSS complexation proceeds by two binding processes (first, formation of intrapolymer complexes and then formation of interpolymer complexes), both driven by favorable electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged sulfonic groups (-SO3-) of NaPSS and positively charged patches on the BSA surface. Two such positive patches were identified, each responsible for one of the two binding processes. The presence of salts screened both short-range attractive and long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between both macromolecules, resulting in a nonmonotonic dependence of the binding affinity on the total ionic strength for both binding processes. In addition, distinct anion-specific effects were observed (NaCl < NaBr < NaI). The effect of sugars was less pronounced: sucrose had no effect on the complexation, but its chlorinated analogue, sucralose, promoted it slightly due to the screening of long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between BSA and NaPSS. Although short-range non-electrostatic interactions are frequently mentioned in the literature in relation to BSA or NaPSS, we found that the main driving force of complexation on the "wrong side" are electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jozef Hritz
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Affinity of aromatic amino acid side chains in amino acid solvents. Biophys Chem 2022; 287:106831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Simončič M, Lukšič M. Modulating Role of Co-Solutes in Complexation between Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1245. [PMID: 35335575 PMCID: PMC8953846 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of three types of co-solutes: (i) salts (NaCl, NaBr, NaI), (ii) polymer (polyethylene glycol; PEG-400, PEG-3000, PEG-20000), and (iii) sugars (sucrose, sucralose) on the complexation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) was studied. Three critical pH parameters were extracted from the pH dependence of the solution’s turbidity: pHc corresponding to the formation of the soluble complexes, pHΦ corresponding to the formation of the insoluble complexes, and pHopt corresponding to the charge neutralization of the complexes. In the presence of salts, the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes as well as the charge neutralization of complexes was hindered, which is a consequence of the electrostatic screening of attractive interactions between BSA and NaPSS. Distinct anion-specific trends were observed in which the stabilizing effect of the salt increased in the order: NaCl < NaBr < NaI. The presence of PEG, regardless of its molecular weight, showed no measurable effect on the formation of soluble complexes. PEG-400 and PEG-3000 showed no effect on the formation of insoluble complexes, but PEG-20000 in high concentrations promoted their formation due to the molecular crowding effect. The presence of sugar molecules had little effect on BSA-NaPSS complexation. Sucralose showed a minor stabilizing effect with respect to the onset of complex formation, which was due to its propensity to the protein surface. This was confirmed by the fluorescence quenching assay (Stern-Volmer relationship) and all-atom MD simulations. This study highlights that when evaluating the modulatory effect of co-solutes on protein-polyelectrolyte interactions, (co-solute)-protein interactions and their subsequent impact on protein aggregation must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Tsumura K, Hsu W, Mimura M, Horiuchi A, Shiraki K. Lowering the viscosity of a high-concentration antibody solution by protein-polyelectrolyte complex. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:17-24. [PMID: 34629298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-concentration and low-viscosity antibody formulations are necessary when administering these solutions subcutaneously (SC) due to limitations on injection volume. Here we show a method to decrease the viscosity of monoclonal antibody solution by protein-polyelectrolyte complex (PPC) with poly-l-glutamic acid (polyE). The viscosity of omalizumab solutions was 90 cP at the concentration of 150 mg/mL. In the presence of 20-50 mM polyE, the viscosity of PPC solution of 150 mg/mL omalizumab dramatically decreased below 10 cP due to the formation of crowded solution. The crowded state of PPC, named aggregated PPC (A-PPC), contained water droplets with a diameter of 10 μm or larger with low antibody concentrations. In the presence of 60 mM or more polyE, the omalizumab solution was transparent with the viscosity of 40 cP or less, named soluble PPC (S-PPC). More importantly, the solutions of both A-PPC and S-PPC were fully redissolved by the addition of phosphate saline buffer confirmed by secondary structure, the amount of aggregates, and binding activity to antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tsumura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - WeiLin Hsu
- Research and Development Center, Terumo Corporation, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mimura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Aiko Horiuchi
- Research and Development Center, Terumo Corporation, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 259-0151, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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9
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Pir Cakmak F, Marianelli AM, Keating CD. Phospholipid Membrane Formation Templated by Coacervate Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10366-10375. [PMID: 34398617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of coacervate-supported phospholipid membranes by hydrating a dried lipid film in the presence of coacervate droplets. Coacervate-supported membranes were characterized by fluorescence imaging, polarization, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of labeled lipids, lipid quenching experiments, and solute uptake experiments. Our findings are consistent with the presence of lipid membranes around the coacervates, with many droplets fully coated by what appear to be continuous lipid bilayers. In contrast to traditional giant lipid vesicles formed by gentle hydration in the absence of coacervates, the coacervate-templated membrane vesicles are more uniform in size, shape, and apparent lamellarity. Due to their fully coacervate model cytoplasm, these simple artificial cells are macromolecularly crowded and can be easily pre-loaded with high concentrations of proteins or nucleic acids. Within the same population, in addition to coacervate droplets having intact lipid membrane coatings, other coacervate droplets are coated with membranes having defects or pores that permit solute entry, and some are coated with multilayered membranes. Membranes surrounding protein-based coacervate droplets provided protection from a protease added to the external solution. The simplicity of producing artificial cells having a coacervate model cytoplasm surrounded by a model membrane is at the same time interesting as a potential mechanism for prebiotic protocell formation and appealing for biotechnology. We anticipate that such structures could serve as a new type of model system for understanding interactions between intracellular phases and cell or organelle membranes, which are implicated in a growing number of processes ranging from neurotransmission to signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Pir Cakmak
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Allyson M Marianelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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10
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Mimura M, Tomita S, Shinkai Y, Hosokai T, Kumeta H, Saio T, Shiraki K, Kurita R. Quadruplex Folding Promotes the Condensation of Linker Histones and DNAs via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9849-9857. [PMID: 34152774 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and DNA has recently emerged as a possible mechanism underlying the dynamic organization of chromatin. We herein report the role of DNA quadruplex folding in liquid droplet formation via LLPS induced by interactions between DNA and linker histone H1 (H1), a key regulator of chromatin organization. Fluidity measurements inside the droplets, binding assays using G-quadruplex-selective probes, and structural analyses based on circular dichroism demonstrated that quadruplex DNA structures, such as the G-quadruplex and i-motif, promote droplet formation with H1 and decrease molecular motility within droplets. The dissolution of the droplets in the presence of additives and the LLPS of the DNA structural units indicated that, in addition to electrostatic interactions between the DNA and the intrinsically disordered region of H1, π-π stacking between quadruplex DNAs could potentially drive droplet formation, unlike in the electrostatically driven LLPS of duplex DNA and H1. According to phase diagrams of anionic molecules with various conformations, the high LLPS ability associated with quadruplex folding arises from the formation of interfaces consisting of organized planes of guanine bases and the side surfaces with a high charge density. Given that DNA quadruplex structures are well-documented in heterochromatin regions, it is imperative to understand the role of DNA quadruplex folding in the context of intranuclear LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mimura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tomita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- National Metrology Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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11
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Nomoto A, Nishinami S, Shiraki K. Solubility Parameters of Amino Acids on Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Aggregation of Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691052. [PMID: 34222258 PMCID: PMC8242209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solution properties of amino acids determine the folding, aggregation, and liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) behaviors of proteins. Various indices of amino acids, such as solubility, hydropathy, and conformational parameter, describe the behaviors of protein folding and solubility both in vitro and in vivo. However, understanding the propensity of LLPS and aggregation is difficult due to the multiple interactions among different amino acids. Here, the solubilities of aromatic amino acids (SAs) were investigated in solution containing 20 types of amino acids as amino acid solvents. The parameters of SAs in amino acid solvents (PSASs) were varied and dependent on the type of the solvent. Specifically, Tyr and Trp had the highest positive values while Glu and Asp had the lowest. The PSAS values represent soluble and insoluble interactions, which collectively are the driving force underlying the formation of droplets and aggregates. Interestingly, the PSAS of a soluble solvent reflected the affinity between amino acids and aromatic rings, while that of an insoluble solvent reflected the affinity between amino acids and water. These findings suggest that the PSAS can distinguish amino acids that contribute to droplet and aggregate formation, and provide a deeper understanding of LLPS and aggregation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nomoto
- Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Suguru Nishinami
- Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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12
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Okada H, Mimura M, Tomita S, Kurita R. Affinity Diversification of a Polymer Probe for Pattern-recognition-based Biosensing Using Chemical Additives. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:713-719. [PMID: 33518589 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scp23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition-based sensing has attracted attention as a promising alternative to conventional sensing methods that rely on selective recognition. Here, we report on novel strategy using chemical additives with the ability to modulate probe/analyte interactions to more easily construct pattern-recognition-based sensing systems for proteins and cells. The fluorescence of dansyl-modified cationic poly-L-lysine (PLL-Dnc) is enhanced upon binding to proteins in aqueous solution, while the addition of salts, inert polymers, or alcohols modulates the protein/PLL-Dnc interactions via a variety of mechanisms. Subsequent readout of the fluorescence changes produces response patterns that reflect the characteristics of the analytes. Multivariate analysis of the response patterns allowed for accurate identification of not only eight structurally similar albumin homologues, but also four mammalian cells. This strategy, which uses inexpensive and common additives, significantly improves the accessibility of pattern-recognition-based sensing, which will offer new opportunities for the detection of various bioanalytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okada
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masahiro Mimura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Shunsuke Tomita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.,DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.,Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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13
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Effect of additives on liquid droplets and aggregates of proteins. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:587-592. [PMID: 32166611 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes the effect of additives on the formation of liquid droplets and aggregates of proteins. Proteins have the property of forming liquid droplets and aggregates both in vivo and in vitro. The liquid droplets of proteins are mainly stabilized by electrostatic and cation-π interactions, whereas the amorphous aggregates are mainly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. Crowders usually stabilize liquid droplets, whereas ions and hexandiols destabilize the droplets. Additives such as kosmotropes, sugars, osmolytes, and crowders promote the formation of amorphous aggregates, whereas additives such as arginine and chaotropes can prevent the formation of amorphous aggregates. Further, amyloid has a different mechanism for its formation from amorphous aggregates because it is primarily stabilized by a cross-β structure. These systematic analyses of additives will provide clues to controlling protein aggregations and will aid the true understanding of the transition of proteins from liquid droplets and aggregates.
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