1
|
Low D, Ferguson GM, Jarjour A, Schaefer BT, Bachmann MD, Moll PJW, Nowack KC. Scanning SQUID microscopy in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083704. [PMID: 34470407 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator with a base temperature at the sample stage of at least 30 mK. The microscope is rigidly mounted to the mixing chamber plate to optimize thermal anchoring of the sample. The microscope housing fits into the bore of a superconducting vector magnet, and our design accommodates a large number of wires connecting the sample and sensor. Through a combination of vibration isolation in the cryostat and a rigid microscope housing, we achieve relative vibrations between the SQUID and the sample that allow us to image with micrometer resolution over a 150 µm range while the sample stage temperature remains at base temperature. To demonstrate the capabilities of our system, we show images acquired simultaneously of the static magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic fields produced by a current above a superconducting micrometer-scale device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Low
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - G M Ferguson
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Jarjour
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Brian T Schaefer
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Maja D Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip J W Moll
- Laboratory of Quantum Materials (QMAT), Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja C Nowack
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wissberg S, Ronen M, Oren Z, Gerber D, Kalisky B. Sensitive Readout for Microfluidic High-Throughput Applications using Scanning SQUID Microscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1573. [PMID: 32005843 PMCID: PMC6994618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic chips provide a powerful platform for high-throughput screening of diverse biophysical systems. The most prevalent detection methods are fluorescence based. Developing new readout techniques for microfluidics focusing on quantitative information in the low signal regime is desirable. In this work, we combine the well-established immunoassay approach, with magnetic nanoparticles, with a highly sensitive magnetic imaging technique. We offer to integrate a microfluidic array into a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope, to image nanoparticles that were moved through the microfluidic device. We demonstrate the technique on protein-protein interactions (PPI). We compare sensitivity to that of a conventional readout, quantify the amount of interactions, and demonstrate 0.1 atto-mole sensitivity. Our work serves as a proof of concept that will promote the development of a new set of eyes, a stable usable microfluidic-scanning SQUID microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Wissberg
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Maria Ronen
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Ziv Oren
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Nes-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Doron Gerber
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Beena Kalisky
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geaney S, Cox D, Hönigl-Decrinis T, Shaikhaidarov R, Kubatkin SE, Lindström T, Danilov AV, de Graaf SE. Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy in the Single Photon Regime. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12539. [PMID: 31467310 PMCID: PMC6715798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave properties of nano-scale structures are important in a wide variety of applications in quantum technology. Here we describe a low-power cryogenic near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) which maintains nano-scale dielectric contrast down to the single microwave photon regime, up to 109 times lower power than in typical NSMMs. We discuss the remaining challenges towards developing nano-scale NSMM for quantum coherent interaction with two-level systems as an enabling tool for the development of quantum technologies in the microwave regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Geaney
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - D Cox
- Advanced Technology Institute, The University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - T Hönigl-Decrinis
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | | | - S E Kubatkin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lindström
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A V Danilov
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - S E de Graaf
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cerbin J, Sochnikov I. Isolation solution for extreme environmental vibrations for quantum-enabling cryogenic setups installed on raised frames. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083903. [PMID: 31472634 DOI: 10.1063/1.5112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic quantum sensing techniques are developing alongside the ever-increasing requirements for noiseless experimental environments. For instance, several groups have isolated internal system vibrations from cold heads in closed-cycle dilution refrigerators. However, these solutions often do not account for external vibrations, necessitating novel strategies to isolate the entire cryogenic systems from their environments in a particular set of raised cryostats. Here, we introduce a dual-stage external active vibration-isolation solution in conjunction with a closed-cycle dilution refrigerator that isolates it from the environment. This dual stage includes two sets of active attenuators and a customized steel tower for supporting experimental probes at heights of 3 m from the floor. Both stages achieve 20-40 dB of attenuation with the active systems engaged, corresponding to levels of vibration in the VC-G range (a standardized Vibration Criterion appropriate for extremely quiet research spaces) on the cryostat's room temperature baseplate and the steel tower. Our unique vibration isolation solution therefore expands the applications of modern cryogenic equipment beyond exclusively quiet specialty buildings, rendering such equipment suitable for interdisciplinary, open-floor research centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Cerbin
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ilya Sochnikov
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|