1
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Qiu Y, Gao T, Smith BR. Mechanical deformation and death of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3. [PMID: 38980581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells through the bloodstream is a significant step in tumor metastasis. To better understand the metastatic process, circulating tumor cell (CTC) survival in the circulation must be explored. While immune interactions with CTCs in recent decades have been examined, research has yet to sufficiently explain some CTC behaviors in blood flow. Studies related to CTC mechanical responses in the bloodstream have recently been conducted to further study conditions under which CTCs might die. While experimental methods can assess the mechanical properties and death of CTCs, increasingly sophisticated computational models are being built to simulate the blood flow and CTC mechanical deformation under fluid shear stresses (FSS) in the bloodstream.Several factors contribute to the mechanical deformation and death of CTCs as they circulate. While FSS can damage CTC structure, diverse interactions between CTCs and blood components may either promote or hinder the next metastatic step-extravasation at a remote site. Overall understanding of how these factors influence the deformation and death of CTCs could serve as a basis for future experiments and simulations, enabling researchers to predict CTC death more accurately. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improved metastasis-specific therapeutics and diagnostics specific in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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2
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Kottmeier J, Wullenweber MS, Kampen I, Kwade A, Dietzel A. A High-Aspect-Ratio Deterministic Lateral Displacement Array for High-Throughput Fractionation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:802. [PMID: 38930772 PMCID: PMC11205752 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Future industrial applications of microparticle fractionation with deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices are hindered by exceedingly low throughput rates. To enable the necessary high-volume flows, high flow velocities as well as high aspect ratios in DLD devices have to be investigated. However, no experimental studies have yet been conducted on the fractionation of bi-disperse suspensions containing particles below 10 µm with DLD at a Reynolds number (Re) above 60. Furthermore, devices with an aspect ratio of more than 4:1, which require advanced microfabrication, are not known in the DLD literature. Therefore, we developed a suitable process with deep reactive ion etching of silicon and anodic bonding of a glass lid to create pressure-resistant arrays. With a depth of 120 µm and a gap of 23 µm between posts, a high aspect ratio of 6:1 was realized, and devices were investigated using simulations and fractionation experiments. With the two-segmented array of 3° and 7° row shifts, critical diameters of 8 µm and 12 µm were calculated for low Re conditions, but it was already known that vortices behind the posts can shift these values to lower critical diameters. Suspensions with polystyrene particles in different combinations were injected with an overall flow rate of up to 15 mL/min, corresponding to Re values of up to 90. Suspensions containing particle combinations of 2 µm with 10 µm as well as 5 µm with 10 µm were successfully fractionated, even at the highest flow rate. Under these conditions, a slight widening of the displacement position was observed, but there was no further reduction in the critical size as it was for Re = 60. With an unprecedented fractionation throughput of nearly 1 L per hour, entirely new applications are being developed for chemical, pharmaceutical, and recycling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kottmeier
- Institute of Microtechnology, TU Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maike S. Wullenweber
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (A.K.)
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Kampen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (A.K.)
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (A.K.)
- Institute for Particle Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology, TU Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (A.K.)
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3
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Aghilinejad A, Amlani F, Mazandarani SP, King KS, Pahlevan NM. Mechanistic insights on age-related changes in heart-aorta-brain hemodynamic coupling using a pulse wave model of the entire circulatory system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1193-H1209. [PMID: 37712923 PMCID: PMC10908406 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00314.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in aortic biomechanics can impact the brain by reducing blood flow and increasing pulsatile energy transmission. Clinical studies have shown that impaired cardiac function in patients with heart failure is associated with cognitive impairment. Although previous studies have attempted to elucidate the complex relationship between age-associated aortic stiffening and pulsatility transmission to the cerebral network, they have not adequately addressed the effect of interactions between aortic stiffness and left ventricle (LV) contractility (neither on energy transmission nor on brain perfusion). In this study, we use a well-established and validated one-dimensional blood flow and pulse wave computational model of the circulatory system to address how age-related changes in cardiac function and vasculature affect the underlying mechanisms involved in the LV-aorta-brain hemodynamic coupling. Our results reveal how LV contractility affects pulsatile energy transmission to the brain, even with preserved cardiac output. Our model demonstrates the existence of an optimal heart rate (near the normal human heart rate) that minimizes pulsatile energy transmission to the brain at different contractility levels. Our findings further suggest that the reduction in cerebral blood flow at low levels of LV contractility is more prominent in the setting of age-related aortic stiffening. Maintaining optimal blood flow to the brain requires either an increase in contractility or an increase in heart rate. The former consistently leads to higher pulsatile power transmission, and the latter can either increase or decrease subsequent pulsatile power transmission to the brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the impact of major aging mechanisms of the arterial system and cardiac function on brain hemodynamics. Our findings suggest that aging has a significant impact on heart-aorta-brain coupling through changes in both arterial stiffening and left ventricle (LV) contractility. Understanding the underlying physical mechanisms involved here can potentially be a key step for developing more effective therapeutic strategies that can mitigate the contributions of abnormal LV-arterial coupling toward neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Aghilinejad
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Faisal Amlani
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sohrab P Mazandarani
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kevin S King
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Niema M Pahlevan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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4
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Cha H, Dai Y, Hansen HHWB, Ouyang L, Chen X, Kang X, An H, Ta HT, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Asymmetrical Obstacles Enable Unilateral Inertial Focusing and Separation in Sinusoidal Microchannel. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0036. [PMID: 37342212 PMCID: PMC10278993 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inertial microfluidics uses the intrinsic fluid inertia in confined channels to manipulate the particles and cells in a simple, high-throughput, and precise manner. Inertial focusing in a straight channel results in several equilibrium positions within the cross sections. Introducing channel curvature and adjusting the cross-sectional aspect ratio and shape can modify inertial focusing positions and can reduce the number of equilibrium positions. In this work, we introduce an innovative way to adjust the inertial focusing and reduce equilibrium positions by embedding asymmetrical obstacle microstructures. We demonstrated that asymmetrical concave obstacles could break the symmetry of original inertial focusing positions, resulting in unilateral focusing. In addition, we characterized the influence of obstacle size and 3 asymmetrical obstacle patterns on unilateral inertial focusing. Finally, we applied differential unilateral focusing on the separation of 10- and 15-μm particles and isolation of brain cancer cells (U87MG) from white blood cells (WBCs), respectively. The results indicated an excellent cancer cell recovery of 96.4% and WBC rejection ratio of 98.81%. After single processing, the purity of the cancer cells was dramatically enhanced from 1.01% to 90.13%, with an 89.24-fold enrichment. We believe that embedding asymmetric concave micro-obstacles is a new strategy to achieve unilateral inertial focusing and separation in curved channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Yuchen Dai
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Helena H. W. B. Hansen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Xiangxun Chen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Xiaoyue Kang
- School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Churchill Avenue, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Bioscience Discipline, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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5
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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6
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Vanapalli SA, Clair Hur S. Preface to the Special Topic: Microfluidics, Circulating Biomarkers and Cancer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:040401. [PMID: 35992639 PMCID: PMC9385218 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva A Vanapalli
- Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Soojung Clair Hur
- Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2682, USA
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7
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Akbari J. Design of two Inertial-based microfluidic devices for cancer cell separation from Blood: A serpentine inertial device and an integrated inertial and magnetophoretic device. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Simulative Investigation of Different DLD Microsystem Designs with Increased Reynolds Numbers Using a Two-Way Coupled IBM-CFD/6-DOF Approach. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microsystems are suitable for the size fractionation of particle suspensions in the size range of 0.1 to 10 µm. To be able to fractionate real particles beyond a laboratory scale, these systems have to be designed for higher throughputs. High flow resistances and increasing the clogging of the systems impose substantial challenges for industrial operation. Simulative parameter studies are suitable for improving the design of the systems; for example, the position and shape of the posts. A high-resolution, two-way coupled 6-DOF CFD-DEM approach was used to study the flow and particle behavior of different post shapes (circular and triangular) and post sizes at different Reynolds numbers. The results were compared with the classical first streamline width theory. It was shown that the streamline theory does not account for all effects responsible for the separation. Furthermore, a shift in the critical particle diameter to smaller values could be obtained when increasing the Reynolds number and also when using triangular posts with reduced post sizes compared to the post spacing. These findings can help to improve the efficiency of the systems as the post spacing could be extended, thus reducing the flow resistance and the probability of clogging.
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9
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Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
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Rahmati M, Chen X. Separation of circulating tumor cells from blood using dielectrophoretic DLD manipulation. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:49. [PMID: 34581876 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) play a prominent role in early cancer detection. Emerging label-free techniques can be promising to CTC detection due to advantages in preserving cell integrity and minimal sample consumption. Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a size-based label-free technique employing laminar flow for continuous sorting of suspended cells. However, separation based solely on size is challenging as the size distributions of CTCs tend to overlap with blood cells. Moreover, the rarity of CTCs in blood requires high throughput processing of samples for clinical utility. In this work, a dielectrophoretic DLD technique is presented to segregate CTCs from blood. This technique utilizes the cell size and dielectric properties as well as particle movement caused by polarization effect to accomplish continuous separation at high flow rates. A numerical model is developed and validated to investigate the effects of various parameters related to the fluid flow, micro-post array, and electric field. It is demonstrated that the dielectrophoretic DLD with specific post arrangement can continuously separate A549 lung CTCs from WBCs by applying a field frequency close to the crossover frequency of CTCs. The analysis further indicates that such a device can perform well despite uncertainties of CTC crossover frequencies. Additionally, efficient separation with minimum clogging can be achieved by setting the electric field perpendicular to fluid flow. The presented platform offers distinct advantages and can be potentially combined with techniques such as antibody-based immune-binding methods for rapid detection of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahmati
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA.
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11
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Narayana Iyengar S, Kumar T, Mårtensson G, Russom A. High resolution and rapid separation of bacteria from blood using elasto-inertial microfluidics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2538-2551. [PMID: 34510466 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improved sample preparation has the potential to address unmet needs for fast turnaround sepsis tests. In this work, we report elasto-inertial based rapid bacteria separation from diluted blood at high separation efficiency. In viscoelastic flows, we demonstrate novel findings where blood cells prepositioned at the outer wall entering a spiral device remain fully focused throughout the channel length while smaller bacteria migrate to the opposite wall. Initially, using microparticles, we show that particles above a certain size cut-off remain fully focused at the outer wall while smaller particles differentially migrate toward the inner wall. We demonstrate particle separation at 1 μm resolution at a total throughput of 1 mL/min. For blood-based experiments, a minimum of 1:2 dilution was necessary to fully focus blood cells at the outer wall. Finally, Escherichia coli spiked in diluted blood were continuously separated at a total flow rate of 1 mL/min, with efficiencies between 82 and 90% depending on the blood dilution. Using a single spiral, it takes 40 min to process 1 mL of blood at a separation efficiency of 82%. The label-free, passive, and rapid bacteria isolation method has a great potential for speeding up downstream phenotypic and genotypic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Narayana Iyengar
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.,AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tharagan Kumar
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.,AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Mårtensson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.,AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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DEM-LBM simulation of multidimensional fractionation by size and density through deterministic lateral displacement at various Reynolds numbers. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Hu X, Zang X, Lv Y. Detection of circulating tumor cells: Advances and critical concerns. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 33850563 PMCID: PMC8025150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and the major challenge in cancer treatment. Cancer cells in circulation are termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Primary tumor metastasis is likely due to CTCs released into the bloodstream. These CTCs extravasate and form fatal metastases in different organs. Analyses of CTCs are clarifying the biological understanding of metastatic cancers. These data are also helpful to monitor disease progression and to inform the development of personalized cancer treatment-based liquid biopsy. However, CTCs are a rare cell population with 1-10 CTCs per ml and are difficult to isolate from blood. Numerous approaches to detect CTCs have been developed based on the physical and biological properties of the cells. The present review summarizes the progress made in detecting CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 22300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yanguan Lv
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
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14
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Bhattacharjee R, Kumar R, Panwala FC, Shakeel PM. Design and analysis of an optimized microfluidic channel for isolation of circulating tumor cells using deterministic lateral displacement technique. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-020-00164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely scarce cells which cut off from a primary tumor and percolate into the circulation of blood flow and are, thus, critical for precise cancer detection and treatment. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) which exploits asymmetric splitting of laminar flow around the implanted microposts has displayed trustworthy capabilities in separating cells of varying sizes. In this research work, a microfluidic channel consisting of three symmetrically aligned inlets and outlets and embedded circular posts has been proposed which effectively separates the CTCs from lymphocytes utilizing the concept of DLD. Using a commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4, the design of the proposed microchannel has been simulated and analyzed considering an injected blood sample containing massive CTCs and slim WBCs of radii 13.5 µm and 6 µm, respectively. The proposed model of microchannel isolates the CTCs from WBCs at a comparatively higher sample mass flow rate of 4 × 10–6 kg/s and Reynolds number of 8.9 thereby operating efficiently at higher throughput, and offers excellent linearity in terms of velocity magnitude, pressure, shear rate and Reynolds number. The computational analysis of the proposed microchannel reveals that it can isolate CTCs from WBCs with better separation ratio, offers higher throughput, reduces possibilities of clogging and maintains better uniformity of pressure distribution and other flow parameters when compared with existing microchannel designs. The maximum separation ratio for CTCs and WBCs has been obtained as 84% and 96%, respectively.
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15
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Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Akbari J, Tebon P, R. Dokmeci M, Ahadian S. Design and Simulation of an Integrated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for CTCs Separation and Cell Lysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E699. [PMID: 32698447 PMCID: PMC7407509 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples and subsequent DNA extraction from these cells play a crucial role in cancer research and drug discovery. Microfluidics is a versatile technology that has been applied to create niche solutions to biomedical applications, such as cell separation and mixing, droplet generation, bioprinting, and organs on a chip. Centrifugal microfluidic biochips created on compact disks show great potential in processing biological samples for point of care diagnostics. This study investigates the design and numerical simulation of an integrated microfluidic device, including a cell separation unit for isolating CTCs from a blood sample and a micromixer unit for cell lysis on a rotating disk platform. For this purpose, an inertial microfluidic device was designed for the separation of target cells by using contraction-expansion microchannel arrays. Additionally, a micromixer was incorporated to mix separated target cells with the cell lysis chemical reagent to dissolve their membranes to facilitate further assays. Our numerical simulation approach was validated for both cell separation and micromixer units and corroborates existing experimental results. In the first compartment of the proposed device (cell separation unit), several simulations were performed at different angular velocities from 500 rpm to 3000 rpm to find the optimum angular velocity for maximum separation efficiency. By using the proposed inertial separation approach, CTCs, were successfully separated from white blood cells (WBCs) with high efficiency (~90%) at an angular velocity of 2000 rpm. Furthermore, a serpentine channel with rectangular obstacles was designed to achieve a highly efficient micromixer unit with high mixing quality (~98%) for isolated CTCs lysis at 2000 rpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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17
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Salafi T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. A Review on Deterministic Lateral Displacement for Particle Separation and Detection. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:77. [PMID: 34138050 PMCID: PMC7770818 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The separation and detection of particles in suspension are essential for a wide spectrum of applications including medical diagnostics. In this field, microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) holds a promise due to the ability of continuous separation of particles by size, shape, deformability, and electrical properties with high resolution. DLD is a passive microfluidic separation technique that has been widely implemented for various bioparticle separations from blood cells to exosomes. DLD techniques have been previously reviewed in 2014. Since then, the field has matured as several physics of DLD have been updated, new phenomena have been discovered, and various designs have been presented to achieve a higher separation performance and throughput. Furthermore, some recent progress has shown new clinical applications and ability to use the DLD arrays as a platform for biomolecules detection. This review provides a thorough discussion on the recent progress in DLD with the topics based on the fundamental studies on DLD models and applications for particle separation and detection. Furthermore, current challenges and potential solutions of DLD are also discussed. We believe that a comprehensive understanding on DLD techniques could significantly contribute toward the advancements in the field for various applications. In particular, the rapid, low-cost, and high-throughput particle separation and detection with DLD have a tremendous impact for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoriq Salafi
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
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