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Röwekamp L, Moch K, Seren M, Münzner P, Böhmer R, Gainaru C. Relaxation and diffusion of an ionic plasticizer in amorphous poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13219-13229. [PMID: 38634288 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the dynamics of the ionic constituents of 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis-(trifluormethylsulfonyl)-imide (PT), a paradigmatic ionic liquid, as an additive in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Hence, the resulting product can be regarded as a polymer electrolyte as well as an amorphous dispersion. Leveraging dielectric spectroscopy and oscillatory shear rheology, complemented by differential scanning calorimetry, the spectral shapes and the relaxation maps of the supercooled PVP-PT mixtures are accessed in their full compositional range. The study also presents dielectric and shear responses of neat PVP with a molecular weight of 2500 g mol-1. We discuss the plasticizing role of the PT additive and the decoupling between ionic dynamics and segmental relaxation in these mixtures. The extracted relaxation times, steady-state viscosities, and conductivities are employed to estimate the translational diffusivities of the ionic penetrants by means of the Stokes-Einstein, Nernst-Einstein, and Almond-West relations. While some of the estimated diffusivities agree with each other, some do not, pointing to the importance of the chosen hydrodynamic approximations and the type of response considered for the analysis. The present extensive dielectric, rheological, and calorimetric study enables a deeper understanding of relaxation and transport of ionic ingredients in polymers, particularly in the slow-dynamics regime which is difficult to access experimentally by direct-diffusivity probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Röwekamp
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Kevin Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Merve Seren
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Philipp Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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2
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Min J, Bae S, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Park MJ. Enhanced ionic conductivity in block copolymer electrolytes through interfacial passivation using mixed ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174906. [PMID: 37921254 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a strategic approach for enhancing the ionic conductivity of block copolymer electrolytes. This was achieved by introducing mixed ionic liquids (ILs) with varying molar ratios, wherein the imidazolium cation was paired with either tetrafluoroborate (BF4) anion or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion. Two polymer matrices, poly(4-styrenesulfonate)-b-polymethylbutylene (SSMB) and poly(4-styrenesulfonyl (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide)-b-polymethylbutylene (STMB), were synthesized for this purpose. All the SSMB and STMB containing mixed ILs showed hexagonal cylindrical structures, but the type of tethered acid group significantly influenced the interfacial properties. STMB electrolytes demonstrated enhanced segregation strength, which was attributed to strengthened Coulomb and hydrogen bonding interactions in the ionic domains, where the ILs were uniformly distributed. In contrast, the SSMB electrolytes exhibited increased concentration fluctuations because the BF4 anions were selectively sequestered at the block interfaces. This resulted in the effective confinement of imidazolium TFSI along the ionic domains, thereby preventing ion trapping in dead zones and facilitating rapid ion diffusion. Consequently, the SSMB electrolytes with mixed ILs demonstrated significantly improved ionic conductivities, surpassing the expected values based on the arithmetic average of the conductivities of each IL, whereas the ionic conductivity of the STMB was aligned with the expected average. The methodology explored in this study holds great promise for the development of solid-state polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Min
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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3
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Leong KW, Pan W, Yi X, Luo S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Mao J, Chen Y, Xuan J, Wang H, Leung DY. Next-generation magnesium-ion batteries: The quasi-solid-state approach to multivalent metal ion storage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1181. [PMID: 37556543 PMCID: PMC10411913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mg-ion batteries offer a safe, low-cost, and high-energy density alternative to current Li-ion batteries. However, nonaqueous Mg-ion batteries struggle with poor ionic conductivity, while aqueous batteries face a narrow electrochemical window. Our group previously developed a water-in-salt battery with an operating voltage above 2 V yet still lower than its nonaqueous counterpart because of the dominance of proton over Mg-ion insertion in the cathode. We designed a quasi-solid-state magnesium-ion battery (QSMB) that confines the hydrogen bond network for true multivalent metal ion storage. The QSMB demonstrates an energy density of 264 W·hour kg-1, nearly five times higher than aqueous Mg-ion batteries and a voltage plateau (2.6 to 2.0 V), outperforming other Mg-ion batteries. In addition, it retains 90% of its capacity after 900 cycles at subzero temperatures (-22°C). The QSMB leverages the advantages of aqueous and nonaqueous systems, offering an innovative approach to designing high-performing Mg-ion batteries and other multivalent metal ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Wah Leong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wending Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shijing Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yingguang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 510006, China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jin Xuan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dennis Y. C. Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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4
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Ion Correlations and Partial Ionicities in the Lamellar Phases of Block Copolymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1265-1271. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Marioni N, Zhang Z, Zofchak ES, Sachar HS, Kadulkar S, Freeman BD, Ganesan V. Impact of Ion–Ion Correlated Motion on Salt Transport in Solvated Ion Exchange Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1258-1264. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett S. Zofchak
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S. Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sanket Kadulkar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Outerelo Corvo T, Jourdain A, O’Brien S, Restagno F, Drockenmuller E, Chennevière A. Multiscale Structure of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Bulk and Solutions by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Outerelo Corvo
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Shona O’Brien
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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7
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Salama A, Mohamed F, Hesemann P. Preparation and dielectric relaxation of a novel ionocellulose derivative. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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8
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How the cation size impacts on the relaxational and diffusional dynamics of supercooled butylammonium-based ionic liquids: DPEBA–TFSI versus BTMA–TFSI. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Li-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide based ionic liquids with either butyl-trimethylammonium or N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-(propionyloxy)-ethyl)butan-1-ammonium as the anion were studied using proton and fluorine relaxometry as well as using field-gradient diffusometry to gain separate access to cation and anion dynamics in these compounds. The transport parameters obtained for these ionic liquids are compared with the estimates based on the conductivity data from literature and from the present work. The impact of cation size on correlation effects, the latter parameterized in terms of various Haven ratios, is mapped out.
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9
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He F, Xue B, Lei Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of molecular weight on electro-responsive electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid)s: Rheology and dielectric spectroscopy analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Poly(ionic liquid)s Based on Copolymers of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Cationic Glycidyl Triazolyl Polymers with Tribranched Side Chains. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:831-836. [PMID: 35549190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and cationic glycidyl triazolyl polymer with tribranched side chains (PEO-co-GTP·3X) were synthesized from glycidyl azide copolymer (PEO-co-GAP) and the tricationic alkyne. A synthetic route for the tricationic alkyne was also improved. Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) were used as counteranions. Copolymers PEO-co-GTP·3TFSI and PEO-co-GTP·3FSI were characterized by NMR, IR, size exclusion chromatography, DSC, TGA, rheological, and impedance measurements. The NMR results suggested that the main chain of the copolymer was more flexible than that of the homopolymer. However, no major changes were detected in the glass transition temperature and ionic conductivity of the homopolymer and copolymer with TFSI counteranions. The counterion exchange from TFSI to FSI resulted in an increase in the storage modulus and complex viscosity because of the ionic association. Despite its unfavorable viscoelastic properties, PEO-co-GTP·3FSI exhibited higher ionic conductivity than PEO-co-GTP·3TFSI (3.9 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 °C under anhydrous conditions).
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11
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Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effect of Molecular Weight on Viscosity Scaling and Ion Transport in Linear Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Thomann CA, Münzner P, Moch K, Jacquemin J, Goodrich P, Sokolov AP, Böhmer R, Gainaru C. Tuning the dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids via hydrogen bonding. I. The viscous regime. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0026144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Thomann
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - K. Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Jacquemin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- QUILL Center, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - P. Goodrich
- QUILL Center, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Bocharova V, Jayakody N, Yang J, Sacci RL, Yang W, Cheng S, Doughty B, Greenbaum S, Jeong SP, Popov I, Zhao S, Gainaru C, Wojnarowska Z. Modulation of Cation Diffusion by Reversible Supramolecular Assemblies in Ionic Liquid-Based Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31842-31851. [PMID: 32567831 PMCID: PMC7588017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) properties, such as high ionic conductivity under ambient conditions combined with nontoxicity and nonflammability, make them important materials for future technologies. Despite high ion conductivity desired for battery applications, cation transport numbers in ILs are not sufficient enough to attain high power density batteries. Thus, developing novel approaches directed toward improvement of cation transport properties is required for the application of ILs in energy-storing devices. In this effort, we used various experimental techniques to demonstrate that the strategy of mixing ILs with ultrasmall (1.8 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in melt-processable composites with improved transport numbers for cations at room temperature. This significant enhancement in the transport number was attributed to the specific chemistry of NPs exhibiting a weaker cation and stronger anion coordination at ambient temperature. At high temperature, significantly weakened NP-anion associations promoted a liquid-like behavior of composites, highlighting the melt-processability of these composites. These results show that designing a reversible dynamic noncovalent NP-anion association controlled by the temperature may constitute an effective strategy to control ion diffusion. Our studies provide fundamental insights into mechanisms driving the charge transport and offer practical guidance for the design of melt-processable composites with an improved cation transport number under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bocharova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nishani Jayakody
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, Hunter College
of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Robert L. Sacci
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven Greenbaum
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, Hunter College
of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Seung Pyo Jeong
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ivan Popov
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät
Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute
of Physics, The University of Silesia in
Katowice, SMCEBI 75 Pulku
Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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14
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Zhang Z, Wheatle BK, Krajniak J, Keith JR, Ganesan V. Ion Mobilities, Transference Numbers, and Inverse Haven Ratios of Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:84-89. [PMID: 35638661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We probe the ion mobilities, transference numbers, and inverse Haven ratio of ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids as a function of their molecular weight using a combination of atomistic equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. In contrast to expectations, we demonstrate that the inverse Haven ratio increases with increasing degree of polymerization (N) and then decreases at larger N. For a fixed center of mass reference frame, we demonstrate that such results arise as a consequence of the strong cation-cation correlated motions, which exceed (in magnitude) the self-diffusivity of cations. Together, our findings challenge the premise underlying the pursuit of pure polymeric ionic liquids as high transference number, single-ion conducting electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Bill K. Wheatle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jakub Krajniak
- Independent researcher, os. Kosmonautow 13/56, 61-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jordan R. Keith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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