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Nickerson CA, McLean RJC, Barrila J, Yang J, Thornhill SG, Banken LL, Porterfield DM, Poste G, Pellis NR, Ott CM. Microbiology of human spaceflight: microbial responses to mechanical forces that impact health and habitat sustainability. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024:e0014423. [PMID: 39158275 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00144-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYUnderstanding the dynamic adaptive plasticity of microorganisms has been advanced by studying their responses to extreme environments. Spaceflight research platforms provide a unique opportunity to study microbial characteristics in new extreme adaptational modes, including sustained exposure to reduced forces of gravity and associated low fluid shear force conditions. Under these conditions, unexpected microbial responses occur, including alterations in virulence, antibiotic and stress resistance, biofilm formation, metabolism, motility, and gene expression, which are not observed using conventional experimental approaches. Here, we review biological and physical mechanisms that regulate microbial responses to spaceflight and spaceflight analog environments from both the microbe and host-microbe perspective that are relevant to human health and habitat sustainability. We highlight instrumentation and technology used in spaceflight microbiology experiments, their limitations, and advances necessary to enable next-generation research. As spaceflight experiments are relatively rare, we discuss ground-based analogs that mimic aspects of microbial responses to reduced gravity in spaceflight, including those that reduce mechanical forces of fluid flow over cell surfaces which also simulate conditions encountered by microorganisms during their terrestrial lifecycles. As spaceflight mission durations increase with traditional astronauts and commercial space programs send civilian crews with underlying health conditions, microorganisms will continue to play increasingly critical roles in health and habitat sustainability, thus defining a new dimension of occupational health. The ability of microorganisms to adapt, survive, and evolve in the spaceflight environment is important for future human space endeavors and provides opportunities for innovative biological and technological advances to benefit life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Nickerson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert J C McLean
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Barrila
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiseon Yang
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Laura L Banken
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - D Marshall Porterfield
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - George Poste
- Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - C Mark Ott
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Blondel M, Machet C, Wildemann B, Abidine Y, Swider P. Mechanobiology of bacterial biofilms: Implications for orthopedic infection. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1861-1869. [PMID: 38432991 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative bacterial infections are prevalent complications in both human and veterinary orthopedic surgery, particularly when a biofilm develops. These infections often result in delayed healing, early revision, permanent functional loss, and, in severe cases, amputation. The diagnosis and treatment pose significant challenges, and bacterial biofilm further amplifies the therapeutic difficulty as it confers protection against the host immune system and against antibiotics which are usually administered as a first-line therapeutic option. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of numerous multidrug-resistant organisms, which largely compromise the already imperfect treatment efficiency. In this context, the study of bacterial biofilm formation allows to better target antibiotic use and to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies. Exploration of the roles played by mechanical factors on biofilm development is of particular interest, especially because cartilage and bone tissues are reactive environments that are subjected to mechanical load. This review delves into the current landscape of biofilm mechanobiology, exploring the role of mechanical factors on biofilm development through a multiscale prism starting from bacterial microscopic scale to reach biofilm mesoscopic size and finally the macroscopic scale of the fracture site or bone-implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Blondel
- Small Animal Surgery Department, Lyon University, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Camille Machet
- National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Yara Abidine
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Swider
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
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3
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Šístková J, Fialová T, Svoboda E, Varmužová K, Uher M, Číhalová K, Přibyl J, Dlouhý A, Pávková Goldbergová M. Insight into antibacterial effect of titanium nanotubular surfaces with focus on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17303. [PMID: 39068252 PMCID: PMC11283573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials used for orthopedic implants should not only have physical properties close to those of bones, durability and biocompatibility, but should also exhibit a sufficient degree of antibacterial functionality. Due to its excellent properties, titanium is still a widely used material for production of orthopedic implants, but the unmodified material exhibits poor antibacterial activity. In this work, the physicochemical characteristics, such as chemical composition, crystallinity, wettability, roughness, and release of Ti ions of the titanium surface modified with nanotubular layers were analyzed and its antibacterial activity against two biofilm-forming bacterial strains responsible for prosthetic joint infection (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was investigated. Electrochemical anodization (anodic oxidation) was used to prepare two types of nanotubular arrays with nanotubes differing in dimensions (with diameters of 73 and 118 nm and lengths of 572 and 343 nm, respectively). These two surface types showed similar chemistry, crystallinity, and surface energy. The surface with smaller nanotube diameter (TNT-73) but larger values of roughness parameters was more effective against S. aureus. For P. aeruginosa the sample with a larger nanotube diameter (TNT-118) had better antibacterial effect with proven cell lysis. Antibacterial properties of titanium nanotubular surfaces with potential in implantology, which in our previous work demonstrated a positive effect on the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts, were investigated in terms of surface parameters. The interplay between nanotube diameter and roughness appeared critical for the bacterial fate on nanotubular surfaces. The relationship of nanotube diameter, values of roughness parameters, and other surface properties to bacterial behavior is discussed in detail. The study is believed to shed more light on how nanotubular surface parameters and their interplay affect antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Šístková
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Fialová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Svoboda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, Brno, 662 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Varmužová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Uher
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Číhalová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Dlouhý
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Žižkova 513/22, Brno, 616 62, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Pávková Goldbergová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
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4
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Montoya C, Baraniya D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Orrego S. The effect of dental material type and masticatory forces on periodontitis-derived subgingival microbiomes. Biofilm 2024; 7:100199. [PMID: 38800100 PMCID: PMC11127099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Restorative dental materials can frequently extend below the gingival margin, serving as a potential haven for microbial colonization, and altering the local oral microbiome to ignite infection. However, the contribution of dental materials on driving changes of the composition of the subgingival microbiome is under-investigated. This study evaluated the microbiome-modulating properties of three biomaterials, namely resin dental composites (COM), antimicrobial piezoelectric composites (BTO), and hydroxyapatite (HA), using an optimized in vitro subgingival microbiome model derived from patients with periodontal disease. Dental materials were subjected to static or cyclic loading (mastication forces) during biofilm growth. Microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dysbiosis was measured in terms of subgingival microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI). Biomaterials subjected to cyclic masticatory loads were associated with enhanced biofilm viability except on the antibacterial composite. Biomaterials held static were associated with increased biofilm biomass, especially on HA surfaces. Overall, the microbiome richness (Chao index) was similar for all the biomaterials and loading conditions. However, the microbiome diversity (Shannon index) for the HA beams was significantly different than both composites. In addition, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between composites and HA biomaterials, and between both loading conditions (static and cyclic). Under static conditions, microbiomes formed over HA surfaces resulted in increased dysbiosis compared to composites through the enrichment of periopathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Fretibacterium spp., and depletion of commensals such as Granulicatella and Streptococcus spp. Interestingly, cyclic loading reversed the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over HA (depletion of periopathogenes) but increased the dysbiosis of microbiomes formed over composites (enrichment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterim nucleatum). Comparison of species formed on both composites (control and antibacterial) showed some differences. Commercial composites enriched Selenomonas spp. and depleted Campylobacter concisus. Piezoelectric composites effectively controlled the microbiome viability without significantly impacting the species abundance. Findings of this work open new understandings of the effects of different biomaterials on the modulation of oral biofilms and the relationship with oral subgingival infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divyashri Baraniya
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nezar Noor Al-Hebshi
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Lee J, Jha K, Harper CE, Zhang W, Ramsukh M, Bouklas N, Dörr T, Chen P, Hernandez CJ. Determining the Young's Modulus of the Bacterial Cell Envelope. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2956-2966. [PMID: 38593061 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria experience substantial physical forces in their natural environment, including forces caused by osmotic pressure, growth in constrained spaces, and fluid shear. The cell envelope is the primary load-carrying structure of bacteria, but the mechanical properties of the cell envelope are poorly understood; reports of Young's modulus of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli range from 2 to 18 MPa. We developed a microfluidic system to apply mechanical loads to hundreds of bacteria at once and demonstrated the utility of the approach for evaluating whole-cell stiffness. Here, we extend this technique to determine Young's modulus of the cell envelope of E. coli and of the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus. An optimization-based inverse finite element analysis was used to determine the cell envelope Young's modulus from observed deformations. The Young's modulus values of the cell envelope were 2.06 ± 0.04 MPa for E. coli, 0.84 ± 0.02 MPa for E. coli treated with a chemical (A22) known to reduce cell stiffness, 0.12 ± 0.03 MPa for V. cholerae, and 1.52 ± 0.06 MPa for S. aureus (mean ± SD). The microfluidic approach allows examination of hundreds of cells at once and is readily applied to Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms as well as rod-shaped and cocci cells, allowing further examination of the structural causes behind differences in cell envelope Young's modulus among bacterial species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Lee
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Karan Jha
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine E Harper
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Malissa Ramsukh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tobias Dörr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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6
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Yang J, Barrila J, Nauman EA, Nydam SD, Yang S, Park J, Gutierrez-Jensen AD, Castro CL, Ott CM, Buss K, Steel J, Zakrajsek AD, Schuff MM, Nickerson CA. Incremental increases in physiological fluid shear progressively alter pathogenic phenotypes and gene expression in multidrug resistant Salmonella. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2357767. [PMID: 38783686 PMCID: PMC11135960 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2357767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to sense and respond to mechanical forces has important implications for pathogens during infection, as they experience wide fluid shear fluctuations in the host. However, little is known about how mechanical forces encountered in the infected host drive microbial pathogenesis. Herein, we combined mathematical modeling with hydrodynamic bacterial culture to profile transcriptomic and pathogenesis-related phenotypes of multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium (ST313 D23580) under different fluid shear conditions relevant to its transition from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream. We report that D23580 exhibited incremental changes in transcriptomic profiles that correlated with its pathogenic phenotypes in response to these progressive increases in fluid shear. This is the first demonstration that incremental changes in fluid shear forces alter stress responses and gene expression in any ST313 strain and offers mechanistic insight into how forces encountered by bacteria during infection might impact their disease-causing ability in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseon Yang
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Barrila
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Eric A. Nauman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Seth D. Nydam
- Department of Animal Care & Technologies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Bioscience, Knowledge Enterprise, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jin Park
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ami D. Gutierrez-Jensen
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Christian L. Castro
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- JES Tech, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. Mark Ott
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristina Buss
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Bioscience, Knowledge Enterprise, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jason Steel
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Bioscience, Knowledge Enterprise, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Anne D. Zakrajsek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mary M. Schuff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Nickerson
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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7
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Feng Y, Wang S, Liu X, Han Y, Xu H, Duan X, Xie W, Tian Z, Yuan Z, Wan Z, Xu L, Qin S, He K, Huang J. Geometric constraint-triggered collagen expression mediates bacterial-host adhesion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8165. [PMID: 38071397 PMCID: PMC10710423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells living in geometrically confined microenvironments are ubiquitous in various physiological processes, e.g., wound closure. However, it remains unclear whether and how spatially geometric constraints on host cells regulate bacteria-host interactions. Here, we reveal that interactions between bacteria and spatially constrained cell monolayers exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity, and that bacteria tend to adhere to these cells near the outer edges of confined monolayers. The bacterial adhesion force near the edges of the micropatterned monolayers is up to 75 nN, which is ~3 times higher than that at the centers, depending on the underlying substrate rigidities. Single-cell RNA sequencing experiments indicate that spatially heterogeneous expression of collagen IV with significant edge effects is responsible for the location-dependent bacterial adhesion. Finally, we show that collagen IV inhibitors can potentially be utilized as adjuvants to reduce bacterial adhesion and thus markedly enhance the efficacy of antibiotics, as demonstrated in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocen Duan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyue Xie
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoling Tian
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Kangmin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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8
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Hsia CR, Melters DP, Dalal Y. The Force is Strong with This Epigenome: Chromatin Structure and Mechanobiology. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168019. [PMID: 37330288 PMCID: PMC10567996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
All life forms sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. Throughout evolution, organisms develop diverse mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways, leading to fast and sustained mechanoresponses. Memory and plasticity characteristics of mechanoresponses are thought to be stored in the form of epigenetic modifications, including chromatin structure alterations. These mechanoresponses in the chromatin context share conserved principles across species, such as lateral inhibition during organogenesis and development. However, it remains unclear how mechanotransduction mechanisms alter chromatin structure for specific cellular functions, and if altered chromatin structure can mechanically affect the environment. In this review, we discuss how chromatin structure is altered by environmental forces via an outside-in pathway for cellular functions, and the emerging concept of how chromatin structure alterations can mechanically affect nuclear, cellular, and extracellular environments. This bidirectional mechanical feedback between chromatin of the cell and the environment can potentially have important physiological implications, such as in centromeric chromatin regulation of mechanobiology in mitosis, or in tumor-stroma interactions. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and open questions in the field and provide perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Chromatin Structure and Epigenetic Mechanisms, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States. https://twitter.com/JeremiahHsia
| | - Daniël P Melters
- Chromatin Structure and Epigenetic Mechanisms, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States. https://twitter.com/dpmelters
| | - Yamini Dalal
- Chromatin Structure and Epigenetic Mechanisms, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States. https://twitter.com/NCIYaminiDalal
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9
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Chen KY, Kuo SH, Sharma J, Bhatta R, Liu Z, Ellis-Mohr A, An F, Li J, Chen Q, Foss KD, Wang H, Li Y, McCoy AM, Lau GW, Cao Q. A smart coating with integrated physical antimicrobial and strain-mapping functionalities for orthopedic implants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7397. [PMID: 37146142 PMCID: PMC10162669 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of orthopedic implants is increasing with an aging population. These patients are vulnerable to risks from periprosthetic infections and instrument failures. Here, we present a dual-functional smart polymer foil coating compatible with commercial orthopedic implants to address both septic and aseptic failures. Its outer surface features optimum bioinspired mechano-bactericidal nanostructures, capable of killing a wide spectrum of attached pathogens through a physical process to reduce the risk of bacterial infection, without directly releasing any chemicals or harming mammalian cells. On its inner surface in contact with the implant, an array of strain gauges with multiplexing transistors, built on single-crystalline silicon nanomembranes, is incorporated to map the strain experienced by the implant with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, providing information about bone-implant biomechanics for early diagnosis to minimize the probability of catastrophic instrument failures. Their multimodal functionalities, performance, biocompatibility, and stability are authenticated in sheep posterolateral fusion model and rodent implant infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jinsong Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shanny Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Jaishree Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Rimsha Bhatta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Austin Ellis-Mohr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fufei An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kari D. Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Annette M. McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Chevrier DM, Juhin A, Menguy N, Bolzoni R, Soto-Rodriguez PED, Kojadinovic-Sirinelli M, Paterson GA, Belkhou R, Williams W, Skouri-Panet F, Kosta A, Le Guenno H, Pereiro E, Faivre D, Benzerara K, Monteil CL, Lefevre CT. Collective magnetotaxis of microbial holobionts is optimized by the three-dimensional organization and magnetic properties of ectosymbionts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216975120. [PMID: 36848579 PMCID: PMC10013862 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216975120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, symbiosis and the concept of holobiont-a host entity with a population of symbionts-have gained a central role in our understanding of life functioning and diversification. Regardless of the type of partner interactions, understanding how the biophysical properties of each individual symbiont and their assembly may generate collective behaviors at the holobiont scale remains a fundamental challenge. This is particularly intriguing in the case of the newly discovered magnetotactic holobionts (MHB) whose motility relies on a collective magnetotaxis (i.e., a magnetic field-assisted motility guided by a chemoaerotaxis system). This complex behavior raises many questions regarding how magnetic properties of symbionts determine holobiont magnetism and motility. Here, a suite of light-, electron- and X-ray-based microscopy techniques [including X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)] reveals that symbionts optimize the motility, the ultrastructure, and the magnetic properties of MHBs from the microscale to the nanoscale. In the case of these magnetic symbionts, the magnetic moment transferred to the host cell is in excess (102 to 103 times stronger than free-living magnetotactic bacteria), well above the threshold for the host cell to gain a magnetotactic advantage. The surface organization of symbionts is explicitly presented herein, depicting bacterial membrane structures that ensure longitudinal alignment of cells. Magnetic dipole and nanocrystalline orientations of magnetosomes were also shown to be consistently oriented in the longitudinal direction, maximizing the magnetic moment of each symbiont. With an excessive magnetic moment given to the host cell, the benefit provided by magnetosome biomineralization beyond magnetotaxis can be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Chevrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Amélie Juhin
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005Paris, France
| | - Romain Bolzoni
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Paul E. D. Soto-Rodriguez
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Mila Kojadinovic-Sirinelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Greig A. Paterson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZELiverpool, UK
| | - Rachid Belkhou
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Wyn Williams
- School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3JW, UK
| | - Fériel Skouri-Panet
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005Paris, France
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Plateforme de Microscopie de l'Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, FR3479, Campus CNRS, 13402Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Plateforme de Microscopie de l'Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, FR3479, Campus CNRS, 13402Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona08290, Spain
| | - Damien Faivre
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005Paris, France
| | - Caroline L. Monteil
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
| | - Christopher T. Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), UMR7265, Bioscience and biotechnology institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul-lez-Durance13108, France
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11
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Daniel M, Eleršič Filipič K, Filová E, Judl T, Fojt J. Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:281-290. [PMID: 35380071 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2058875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium surface treated with titanium oxide nanotubes was used in many studies to quantify the effect of surface topography on cell fate. However, the predicted optimal diameter of nanotubes considerably differs among studies. We propose a model that explains cell adhesion to a nanostructured surface by considering the deformation energy of cell protrusions into titanium nanotubes and the adhesion to the surface. The optimal surface topology is defined as a geometry that gives the membrane a minimum energy shape. A dimensionless parameter, the cell interaction index, was proposed to describe the interplay between the cell membrane bending, the intrinsic curvature, and the strength of cell adhesion. Model simulation shows that an optimal nanotube diameter ranging from 20 nm to 100 nm (cell interaction index between 0.2 and 1, respectively) is feasible within a certain range of parameters describing cell membrane adhesion and bending. The results indicate a possibility to tune the topology of a nanostructural surface in order to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cells mechanically compatible with the given surface geometry while suppressing the growth of other mechanically incompatible cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Daniel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Fojt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Bright R, Hayles A, Wood J, Palms D, Brown T, Barker D, Vasilev K. Surfaces Containing Sharp Nanostructures Enhance Antibiotic Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6724-6731. [PMID: 35900125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing rate of medical device implantations is met by a proportionately high burden of implant-associated infections. To mitigate this threat, much research has been directed toward the development of antibacterial surface modifications by various means. One recent approach involves surfaces containing sharp nanostructures capable of killing bacteria upon contact. Herein, we report that the mechanical interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and such surface nanostructures leads to a sensitization of the pathogen to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate that this is due to cell wall damage and impeded bacterial defenses against reactive oxygen species. The results of this study promise to be impactful in the clinic, as a combination of nanostructured antibacterial surfaces and antibiotics commonly used in hospitals may improve antimicrobial therapy strategies, helping clinicians to prevent and treat implant-associated infections using reduced antibiotic concentrations instead of relying on invasive revision surgeries with often poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Brown
- Corin Australia, Pymble 2073, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Pymble 2073, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Santore MM. Interplay of physico-chemical and mechanical bacteria-surface interactions with transport processes controls early biofilm growth: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102665. [PMID: 35468355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms initiate when bacteria encounter and are retained on surfaces. The surface orchestrates biofilm growth through direct physico-chemical and mechanical interactions with different structures on bacterial cells and, in turn, through its influence on cell-cell interactions. Individual cells respond directly to a surface through mechanical or chemical means, initiating "surface sensing" pathways that regulate gene expression, for instance producing extra cellular matrix or altering phenotypes. The surface can also physically direct the evolving colony morphology as cells divide and grow. In either case, the physico-chemistry of the surface influences cells and cell communities through mechanisms that involve additional factors. For instance the numbers of cells arriving on a surface from solution relative to the generation of new cells by division depends on adhesion and transport kinetics, affecting early colony density and composition. Separately, the forces experienced by adhering cells depend on hydrodynamics, gravity, and the relative stiffnesses and viscoelasticity of the cells and substrate materials, affecting mechanosensing pathways. Physical chemistry and surface functionality, along with interfacial mechanics also influence cell-surface friction and control colony morphology, in particular 2D and 3D shape. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms in which physico-chemical interactions, deriving from surface functionality, impact individual cells and cell community behavior through their coupling with other interfacial processes.
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14
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Zevnik J, Dular M. Cavitation bubble interaction with compliant structures on a microscale: A contribution to the understanding of bacterial cell lysis by cavitation treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 87:106053. [PMID: 35690044 PMCID: PMC9190065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have already shown that the process of cavitation can be successfully used for water treatment and eradication of bacteria. However, most of the relevant studies are being conducted on a macro scale, so the understanding of the processes at a fundamental level remains poor. In attempt to further elucidate the process of cavitation-assisted water treatment on a scale of a single bubble, the present paper numerically addresses interaction between a collapsing microbubble and a nearby compliant structure, that mechanically and structurally resembles a bacterial cell. A fluid-structure interaction methodology is employed, where compressible multiphase flow is considered and the bacterial cell wall is modeled as a multi-layered shell structure. Simulations are performed for two selected model structures, each resembling the main structural features of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell envelopes. The contribution of two independent dimensionless geometric parameters is investigated, namely the bubble-cell distance δ and their size ratio ς. Three characteristic modes of bubble collapse dynamics and four modes of spatiotemporal occurrence of peak local stresses in the bacterial cell membrane are identified throughout the parameter space considered. The former range from the development of a weak and thin jet away from the cell to spherical bubble collapses. The results show that local stresses arising from bubble-induced loads can exceed poration thresholds of cell membranes and that bacterial cell damage could be explained solely by mechanical effects in absence of thermal and chemical ones. Based on this, the damage potential of a single microbubble for bacteria eradication is estimated, showing a higher resistance of the Gram-positive model organism to the nearby bubble collapse. Microstreaming is identified as the primary mechanical mechanism of bacterial cell damage, which in certain cases may be enhanced by the occurrence of shock waves during bubble collapse. The results are also discussed in the scope of bacteria eradication by cavitation treatment on a macro scale, where processes of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation are being employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Zevnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa distinguishes surfaces by stiffness using retraction of type IV pili. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119434119. [PMID: 35561220 PMCID: PMC9171759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119434119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While many bacteria can sense the presence of a surface, the mechanical properties of different surfaces vary tremendously and can be as rigid as bone or as soft as mucus. We show that the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa distinguishes surfaces by stiffness and transcriptionally tunes its virulence to surface rigidity. This connection between pathogenicity and mechanical properties of the infection site presents an interesting potential for clinical applications. The mechanism behind stiffness sensing relies on the retraction of external appendages called type IV pili that deform the surface. While this mechanism has interesting parallels to stiffness sensing in mammalian cells, our results suggest that stiffness sensing in much smaller bacterial cells relies on temporal sensing instead of spatial sensing strategies. The ability of eukaryotic cells to differentiate surface stiffness is fundamental for many processes like stem cell development. Bacteria were previously known to sense the presence of surfaces, but the extent to which they could differentiate stiffnesses remained unclear. Here we establish that the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa actively measures surface stiffness using type IV pili (TFP). Stiffness sensing is nonlinear, as induction of the virulence factor regulator is peaked with stiffness in a physiologically important range between 0.1 kPa (similar to mucus) and 1,000 kPa (similar to cartilage). Experiments on surfaces with distinct material properties establish that stiffness is the specific biophysical parameter important for this sensing. Traction force measurements reveal that the retraction of TFP is capable of deforming even stiff substrates. We show how slow diffusion of the pilin PilA in the inner membrane yields local concentration changes at the base of TFP during extension and retraction that change with substrate stiffness. We develop a quantitative biomechanical model that explains the transcriptional response to stiffness. A competition between PilA diffusion in the inner membrane and a loss/gain of monomers during TFP extension/retraction produces substrate stiffness-dependent dynamics of the local PilA concentration. We validated this model by manipulating the ATPase activity of the TFP motors to change TFP extension and retraction velocities and PilA concentration dynamics, altering the stiffness response in a predictable manner. Our results highlight stiffness sensing as a shared behavior across biological kingdoms, revealing generalizable principles of environmental sensing across small and large cells.
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16
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Bright R, Fernandes D, Wood J, Palms D, Burzava A, Ninan N, Brown T, Barker D, Vasilev K. Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study. Mater Today Bio 2021; 13:100176. [PMID: 34938990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for joint replacement and other orthopedic surgeries involving titanium implants is continuously increasing; however, 1%-2% of surgeries result in costly and devastating implant associated infections (IAIs). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two common pathogens known to colonise implants, leading to serious complications. Bioinspired surfaces with spike-like nanotopography have previously been shown to kill bacteria upon contact; however, the longer-term potential of such surfaces to prevent or delay biofilm formation is unclear. Hence, we monitored biofilm formation on control and nanostructured titanium disc surfaces over 21 days following inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We found a consistent 2-log or higher reduction in live bacteria throughout the time course for both bacteria. The biovolume on nanostructured discs was also significantly lower than control discs at all time points for both bacteria. Analysis of the biovolume revealed that for the nanostructured surface, bacteria was killed not just on the surface, but at locations above the surface. Interestingly, pockets of bacterial regrowth on top of the biomass occurred in both bacterial species, however this was more pronounced for S. aureus cultures after 21 days. We found that the nanostructured surface showed antibacterial properties throughout this longitudinal study. To our knowledge this is the first in vitro study to show reduction in the viability of bacterial colonisation on a nanostructured surface over a clinically relevant time frame, providing potential to reduce the likelihood of implant associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anouck Burzava
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neethu Ninan
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Brown
- Corin Australia, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Maher S, Linklater D, Rastin H, Le Yap P, Ivanova EP, Losic D. Tailoring Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants for Short-Time Pediatric Implantations with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100580. [PMID: 34606176 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric titanium (Ti) implants are used for the short-term fixation of fractures, after which they are removed. However, bone overgrowth on the implant surface can complicate their removal. The current Ti implants research focuses on improving their osseointegration and antibacterial properties for long-term use while overlooking the requirements of temporary implants. This paper presents the engineering of additively manufactured Ti implants with antibacterial properties and prevention of bone cell overgrowth. 3D-printed implants were fabricated followed by electrochemical anodization to generate vertically aligned titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the surface with specific diameters (∼100 nm) to reduce cell attachment and proliferation. To achieve enhanced antibacterial performance, TNTs were coated with gallium nitrate as antibacterial agent. The physicochemical characteristics of these implants assessed by the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblastic MG-63 cells showed significantly reduced cell attachment and proliferation, confirming the ability of TNTs surface to avoid cell overgrowth. Gallium coated TNTs showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with reduced bacterial attachment and high rates of bacterial death. Thus a new approach for the engineering of temporary Ti implants with enhanced bactericidal properties with reduced bone cell attachment is demonstrated as a new strategy toward a new generation of short-term implants in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Maher
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Denver Linklater
- College of STEM, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Pei Le Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- College of STEM, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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18
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An In Vitro Model System to Test Mechano-Microbiological Interactions Between Bacteria and Host Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34542856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to present an innovative technique to visualize changes of the F-actin cytoskeleton in response to locally applied force. We developed an in vitro system that combines micromanipulation of force by magnetic tweezers with simultaneous live cell fluorescence microscopy. We applied pulling forces to magnetic beads coated with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV pili in the same order of magnitude than the forces generated by live bacteria. We saw quick and robust F-actin accumulation in individual cells at the sites where pulling forces were applied. Using the magnetic tweezers, we were able to mimic the local response of the F-actin cytoskeleton to bacteria-generated forces. In this chapter, we describe our magnetic tweezers system and show how to control it in order to study cellular responses to force.
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19
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Bright R, Hayles A, Fernandes D, Visalakshan RM, Ninan N, Palms D, Burzava A, Barker D, Brown T, Vasilev K. In Vitro Bactericidal Efficacy of Nanostructured Ti6Al4V Surfaces is Bacterial Load Dependent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38007-38017. [PMID: 34374279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for medical implants globally has increased significantly due to an aging population amongst other reasons. Despite the overall increase in the survivorship of Ti6Al4V implants, implant infection rates are increasing due to factors such as diabetes, obesity, and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Two commonly found bacteria implicated in implant infections are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on prior work that showed nanostructured surfaces might have potential in passively killing these bacterial species, we developed a hierarchical, hydrothermally etched, nanostructured titanium surface. To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of this surface, etched and as-received surfaces were inoculated with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa at concentrations ranging from 102 to 109 colony-forming units per disc. Live/dead staining revealed there was a 60% decrease in viability for S. aureus and greater than a 98% decrease for P. aeruginosa on etched surfaces at the lowest inoculum of 102 CFU/disc, when compared to the control surface. Bactericidal efficiency decreased with increasing bacterial concentrations in a stepwise manner, with decreases in bacterial viability noted for S. aureus above 105 CFU/disc and above 106 CFU/disc for P. aeruginosa. Surprisingly, biofilm depth analysis revealed a decrease in bacterial viability in the 2 μm layer furthest from the nanostructured surface. The nanostructured Ti6Al4V surface developed here holds the potential to reduce the rate of implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Rahul M Visalakshan
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Neethu Ninan
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Anouck Burzava
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Toby Brown
- Corin Australia, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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20
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Kenney LJ. How Can a Histidine Kinase Respond to Mechanical Stress? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655942. [PMID: 34335491 PMCID: PMC8320348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria respond to physical forces perceived as mechanical stress as part of their comprehensive environmental sensing strategy. Histidine kinases can then funnel diverse environmental stimuli into changes in gene expression through a series of phosphorelay reactions. Because histidine kinases are most often embedded in the inner membrane, they can be sensitive to changes in membrane tension that occurs, for example, in response to osmotic stress, or when deformation of the cell body occurs upon encountering a surface before forming biofilms, or inside the host in response to shear stress in the kidney, intestine, lungs, or blood stream. A summary of our recent work that links the histidine kinase EnvZ to mechanical changes in the inner membrane is provided and placed in a context of other bacterial systems that respond to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Kenney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Rzycki M, Drabik D, Szostak-Paluch K, Hanus-Lorenz B, Kraszewski S. Unraveling the mechanism of octenidine and chlorhexidine on membranes: Does electrostatics matter? Biophys J 2021; 120:3392-3408. [PMID: 34214528 PMCID: PMC8391085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria requires the development of new antimicrobial candidates. There are several well-known substances with commercial use, but their molecular mode of action is not fully understood. In this work, we focus on two commonly used antimicrobial agents from the detergent family—octenidine dichloride (OCT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Both of them are reported to be agents selectively attacking the cell membrane through interaction inducing membrane disruption by emulsification. They are believed to present electrostatic selectivity toward charged lipids. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and revised previously proposed molecular mechanisms of action. Employing a variety of techniques such as molecular dynamics, ζ potential with dynamic light scattering, vesicle fluctuation spectroscopy, carboxyfluorescein leakage measurement, and fluorescence trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene- and diphenylhexatriene-based studies for determination of OCT and CHX membrane location, we performed experimental studies using two model membrane systems—zwitterionic PC and negatively charged PG (18:1/18:1):PC (16:0/18:1) 3:7, respectively. These studies were extended by molecular dynamics simulations performed on a three-component bacterial membrane model system to further test interactions with another negatively charged lipid, cardiolipin. In summary, our study demonstrated that detergent selectivity is far more complicated than supposed simple electrostatic interactions. Although OCT does disrupt the membrane, our results suggest that its primary selectivity was more linked to mechanical properties of the membrane. On the other hand, CHX did not disrupt membranes as a primary activity, nor did it show any sign of electrostatic selectivity toward negatively charged membranes at any stage of interactions, which suggests membrane disruption by influencing more discrete membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rzycki
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Drabik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland; Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Szostak-Paluch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland; Research and Development Center, Regional Specialized Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Hanus-Lorenz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kraszewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sport Performance and Manual Therapies: A Review on the Effects on Mitochondrial, Sarcoplasmatic and Ca 2+ Flux Response. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020181. [PMID: 33572071 PMCID: PMC7915302 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review aims to highlight the possible effects manual therapies could have on cells and mitochondria, as these effects could improve athletic performance management. To this aim, this review summarizes the relationship between mechanical stimulation, with a special focus on physical activity, and cell response based on the most recent mechanobiology findings. Mechanobiology analyzes how cells respond to mechanical stressors coming from the environment. Indeed, endogenous (e.g., blood pressure, heartbeat and gastrointestinal motility) and exogenous (e.g., physical activity and manual therapies) stimuli can induce biochemical and epigenetic modifications that alter protein synthesis with heavy consequences on cell behavior. Mechanical stress can also influence mitochondrial behavior (i.e., biogenesis, autophagy, fusion, fission and energy production), sarcoplasmic response and calcium ion (Ca2+) flux. Since manual therapies have been shown to affect the extracellular matrix, which represents a primary source of mechanical stress that may alter both the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial metabolism, it is conceivable manual therapies could also affect cellular and mitochondrial behavior. Lastly, by suggesting possible directions for future laboratory and clinical studies, the authors expect this review to inspire further research on how manual therapies could affect bioenergetic metabolism and, thus, athletic performance.
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