1
|
Paul S, Kannan JB, Santhanam MS. Interaction-induced directed transport in quantum chaotic subsystems. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:044208. [PMID: 37978627 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.044208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum directed transport can be realized in noninteracting, deterministic, chaotic systems by appropriately breaking the spatiotemporal symmetries in the potential. In this work, the focus is on the class of interacting two-body quantum systems whose classical limit is chaotic. It is shown that one subsystem effectively acts as a source of "noise" to the other leading to intrinsic temporal symmetry breaking. Then, the quantum directed currents, even if prohibited by symmetries in the composite system, can be realized in the subsystems. This current is of quantum origin and does not arise from semiclassical effects. This protocol provides a minimal framework-broken spatial symmetry in the potential and presence of interactions-for realizing directed transport in interacting chaotic systems. It is also shown that the magnitude of directed current undergoes multiple current reversals upon varying the interaction strength and this allows for controlling the currents. It is explicitly demonstrated in the two-body interacting kicked rotor model. The interaction-induced mechanism for subsystem directed currents would be applicable to other interacting quantum systems as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanku Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
| | - J Bharathi Kannan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - M S Santhanam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai P, Li X, Yang N, Chu W, Bai X, Huang S, Zhang Y, Shen W, Fu Z, Shao D, Tan Z, Li H, Cao J, Li L, Linfield EH, Xie Y, Zhao Z. Broadband and photovoltaic THz/IR response in the GaAs-based ratchet photodetector. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2031. [PMID: 35613269 PMCID: PMC9132437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-performance broadband infrared (IR)/terahertz (THz) detection is crucial in many optoelectronic applications. However, the spectral response range of semiconductor-based photodetectors is limited by the bandgaps. This paper proposes a ratchet structure based on the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction, where the quasi-stationary hot hole distribution and intravalence band absorption from light or heavy hole states to the split-off band overcome the bandgap limit, ensuring an ultrabroadband photoresponse from near-IR to THz region (4 to 300 THz). The peak responsivity of the proposed structure can reach 7.3 A/W, which is five orders of magnitude higher than that of the existing broadband photon-type detector. Because of the ratchet effect, the proposed photodetector has a bias-tunable photoresponse characteristic and can operate in the photovoltaic mode with a broad photocurrent spectrum (18 to 300 THz). This work not only demonstrates a broadband photon-type THz/IR photodetector but also provides a method to study the light-responsive ratchet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Weidong Chu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xueqi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhanglong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dixiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhiyong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Juncheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lianhe Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Yan Xie
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziran Zhao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhan L, Covington CL, Varga K. Laser-Driven Petahertz Electron Ratchet Nanobubbles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4240-4245. [PMID: 35561279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A laser-driven quantum electron ratchet nanodevice is proposed. The ratchet consists of a series of disconnected bubble-shaped nanodiode structures with a sharp tip to induce a large field enhancement. A laser pulse is used to create a plasmon oscillation in the vertical direction, and the shape of the bubble funnels the electrons toward the sharp tip leading to net electron transport in the horizontal direction. The electron current carries the fingerprint of the driving laser field. The system is modeled by using the time-dependent orbital free density functional theory with nanostructures containing thousands of atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Cody L Covington
- Department of Chemistry, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044, United States
| | - Kálmán Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strand NE, Vroylandt H, Gingrich T. Using tensor network states for multi-particle Brownian ratchets. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:221103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0097332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Brownian ratchets has taught how time-periodic driving supports a time-periodic steady state that generates nonequilibrium transport. When a single particle is transported in one dimension, it is possible to rationalize the current in terms of the potential, but experimental efforts have ventured beyond that single-body case to systems with many interacting carriers. Working with a lattice model of volume-excluding particles in one dimension, we analyze the impact of interactions on a flashing ratchet's current. To surmount the many-body problem, we employ the time-dependent variational principle (TDVP) applied to binary tree tensor networks (BTTN). Rather than propagating individual trajectories, the tensor network approach propagates a distribution over many-body configurations via a controllable variational approximation. The calculations, which reproduce Gillespie trajectory sampling, identify and explain a shift in the frequency of maximum current to higher driving frequency as the lattice occupancy increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils E Strand
- Chemistry, Northwestern University, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valdiviezo J, Zhang P, Beratan DN. Electron ratcheting in self-assembled soft matter. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:055102. [PMID: 34364335 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratcheted multi-step hopping electron transfer systems can plausibly produce directional charge transport over very large distances without requiring a source-drain voltage bias. We examine molecular strategies to realize ratcheted charge transport based on multi-step charge hopping, and we illustrate two ratcheting mechanisms with examples based on DNA structures. The charge transport times and currents that may be generated in these assemblies are also estimated using kinetic simulations. The first ratcheting mechanism described for nanoscale systems requires local electric fields on the 109 V/m scale to realize nearly 100% population transport. The second ratcheting mechanism for even larger systems, based on electrochemical gating, is estimated to generate currents as large as 0.1 pA for DNA structures that are a few μm in length with a gate voltage of about 5 V, a magnitude comparable to currents measured in DNA wires at the nanoscale when a source-drain voltage bias of similar magnitude is applied, suggesting an approach to considerably extend the distance range over which DNA charge transport devices may operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Valdiviezo
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strand NE, Fu RS, Gingrich TR. Current inversion in a periodically driven two-dimensional Brownian ratchet. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:012141. [PMID: 32795034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Brownian ratchets can exhibit current reversals, wherein the sign of the current switches as a function of the driving frequency. We introduce a spatial discretization of such a two-dimensional Brownian ratchet to enable spectral methods that efficiently compute those currents. These discrete-space models provide a convenient way to study the Markovian dynamics conditioned upon generating particular values of the currents. By studying such conditioned processes, we demonstrate that low-frequency negative values of current arise from typical events and high-frequency positive values of current arises from rare events. We demonstrate how these observations can inform the sculpting of time-dependent potential landscapes with a specific frequency response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils E Strand
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Rueih-Sheng Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Todd R Gingrich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|