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Xing R, Li Z, Zhao W, Wang D, Xie R, Chen Y, Wu L, Fang X. Waterproof and Flexible Perovskite Photodetector Enabled By P-type Organic Molecular Rubrene with High Moisture and Mechanical Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310248. [PMID: 38118456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite films have gained significant attention because of their remarkable optoelectronic performances. However, their poor stability upon the severe environment appears to be one of the main facets that impedes their further commercial applications. Herein, a method to improve the stability of flexible photodetectors under water and humidity environment without encapsulation is reported. The devices are fabricated using the physical vapor deposition method (Pulse Laser Deposition & Thermal Evaporation) under high-vacuum conditions. An amorphous organic Rubrene film with low molecular polarity and high elastic modulus serves as both a protective layer and hole transport layer. After immersed in water for 6000 min, the photoluminescence intensity attenuation of films only decreased by a maximum of 10%. The demonstrator device, based on Rubrene/CsPbBr3 /ZnO heterojunction confirms that the strategy not only enhances device moisture and mechanical stability but also achieves high sensitivity in optoelectronic detection. In self-powered mode, it has a fast response time of 79.4 µs /207.6 µs and a responsivity 124 mA W-1 . Additionally, the absence of encapsulation simplifies the fabrication of complex electrodes, making it suitable for various applications. This study highlights the potential use of amorphous organic films in improving the stability of perovskite-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Xing
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Zhao
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Xie
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanxue Chen
- School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Zhao Y. The hierarchy of Davydov's Ansätze: From guesswork to numerically "exact" many-body wave functions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:080901. [PMID: 36859105 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This Perspective presents an overview of the development of the hierarchy of Davydov's Ansätze and a few of their applications in many-body problems in computational chemical physics. Davydov's solitons originated in the investigation of vibrational energy transport in proteins in the 1970s. Momentum-space projection of these solitary waves turned up to be accurate variational ground-state wave functions for the extended Holstein molecular crystal model, lending unambiguous evidence to the absence of formal quantum phase transitions in Holstein systems. The multiple Davydov Ansätze have been proposed, with increasing Ansatz multiplicity, as incremental improvements of their single-Ansatz parents. For a given Hamiltonian, the time-dependent variational formalism is utilized to extract accurate dynamic and spectroscopic properties using Davydov's Ansätze as its trial states. A quantity proven to disappear for large multiplicities, the Ansatz relative deviation is introduced to quantify how closely the Schrödinger equation is obeyed. Three finite-temperature extensions to the time-dependent variation scheme are elaborated, i.e., the Monte Carlo importance sampling, the method of thermofield dynamics, and the method of displaced number states. To demonstrate the versatility of the methodology, this Perspective provides applications of Davydov's Ansätze to the generalized Holstein Hamiltonian, variants of the spin-boson model, and systems of cavity-assisted singlet fission, where accurate dynamic and spectroscopic properties of the many-body systems are given by the Davydov trial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Bai Y, Ni W, Sun K, Chen L, Ma L, Zhao Y, Gurzadyan GG, Gelin MF. Plenty of Room on the Top: Pathways and Spectroscopic Signatures of Singlet Fission from Upper Singlet States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11086-11094. [PMID: 36417755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate dynamic signatures of the singlet fission (SF) process triggered by the excitation of a molecular system to an upper singlet state SN (N > 1) and develop a computational methodology for the simulation of nonlinear spectroscopic signals revealing the SN → TT1 SF in real time. We demonstrate that SF can proceed directly from the upper state SN, bypassing the lowest excited state, S1. We determine the main SN → TT1 reaction pathways and show by computer simulation and spectroscopic measurements that the SN-initiated SF can be faster and more efficient than the traditionally studied S1 → TT1 SF. We claim that the SN → TT1 SF offers novel promising opportunities for engineering SF systems and enhancing SF yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Bai
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Sun K, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Accurate Simulation of Spectroscopic Signatures of Cavity-Assisted, Conical-Intersection-Controlled Singlet Fission Processes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4280-4288. [PMID: 35522971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A numerically accurate, fully quantum methodology has been developed for the simulation of the dynamics and nonlinear spectroscopic signals of cavity-assisted, conical-intersection-controlled singlet fission systems. The methodology is capable of handling several molecular systems strongly coupled to the photonic mode of the cavity and treats the intrinsic conical intersection and cavity-induced polaritonic conical intersections in a numerically exact manner. Contributions of higher-lying molecular electronic states are accounted for comprehensively. The intriguing process of cavity-modified fission dynamics, including all of its electronic, vibrational, and photonic degrees of freedom, together with its two-dimensional spectroscopic manifestation, is simulated for two rubrene dimers strongly coupled to the cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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5
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Abstract
By employing the numerically exact multiple Davydov D2 ansatz, we study cavity-manipulated singlet fission that is mediated by polaritonic conical intersections for both one- and two-molecule systems. The population evolution of the TT state and the cavity photons is carefully examined in search for a high fission efficiency via cavity engineering. Several interesting mechanisms have been uncovered, such as photon-assisted singlet fission, system localization via a displaced photon state, and collective enhancement of the fission efficiency for the two-molecule system. It is also found that the system localization process in the two-molecule system differs substantially from that in the one-molecule system because of the appearance of a novel central polaritonic conical intersection in the two-molecule system. It has been demonstrated that the cavity-controlled singlet fission process can be switched on and off by controlling the average pumping photon number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Zhao Y, Sun K, Chen L, Gelin M. The hierarchy of Davydov's Ansätze and its applications. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Kewei Sun
- Division of Materials Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- School of Science, Hanghzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Dresden Germany
| | - Maxim Gelin
- School of Science, Hanghzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
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Chen L, Borrelli R, Shalashilin DV, Zhao Y, Gelin MF. Simulation of Time- and Frequency-Resolved Four-Wave-Mixing Signals at Finite Temperatures: A Thermo-Field Dynamics Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4359-4373. [PMID: 34107216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new approach to simulate four-wave-mixing signals of molecular systems at finite temperatures by combining the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest method with the thermo-field dynamics theory. In our approach, the four-time correlation functions at finite temperatures are mapped onto those at zero temperature in an enlarged Hilbert space with twice the vibrational degrees of freedom. As an illustration, we have simulated three multidimensional spectroscopic signals, time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectra, transient-absorption pump-probe spectra, and electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectra at finite temperatures, for a conical intersection-mediated singlet fission model of a rubrene crystal. It is shown that a detailed dynamical picture of the singlet fission process can be extracted from the three spectroscopic signals. An increasing temperature leads to lower intensities of the signals and broadened vibrational peaks, which can be attributed to faster singlet-triplet population transfer and stronger bath-induced electronic dephasing at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raffaele Borrelli
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, Universitá di Torino, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Ehrler B, Yanai N, Nienhaus L. Up- and down-conversion in molecules and materials. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:070401. [PMID: 33607873 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ehrler
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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Chen L, Sun K, Shalashilin DV, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Efficient simulation of time- and frequency-resolved four-wave-mixing signals with a multiconfigurational Ehrenfest approach. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054105. [PMID: 33557567 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have extended the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest approach to the simulation of four-wave-mixing signals of systems involving multiple electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. As an illustration, we calculate signals of three widely used spectroscopic techniques, time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy, for a two-electronic-state, twenty-four vibrational-mode conical intersection model. It has been shown that all these three spectroscopic signals characterize fast population transfer from the higher excited electronic state to the lower excited electronic state. While the time- and frequency-resolved spectrum maps the wave packet propagation exclusively on the electronically excited states, the transient absorption and 2D electronic spectra reflect the wave packet dynamics on both electronically excited states and the electronic ground state. Combining trajectory-guided Gaussian basis functions and the nonlinear response function formalism, the present approach provides a promising general technique for the applications of various Gaussian basis methods to the calculations of four-wave-mixing spectra of polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Cainelli M, Tanimura Y. Exciton transfer in organic photovoltaic cells: A role of local and nonlocal electron–phonon interactions in a donor domain. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0036590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cainelli
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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