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Menciassi A. A biohybrid robotic right ventricle. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:21-22. [PMID: 39195889 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Health Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Wen R, Yan G, Wang Z, Zhuang H, Kuang S. Wireless power transfer system for capsule robot designed by radial square transmitting coil pair with novel ferrite structure. Int J Med Robot 2023:e2598. [PMID: 38009951 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wireless power transmission for capsule robots has always posed challenges due to the unpredictable postures. METHODS A radial transmitting coil with a novel ferrite structure is proposed, which consists of two parts with the function of converging magnetic induction lines and reducing magnetic leakage. To improve the flux density, uniformity, and shielding effectiveness, the design parameters are discussed and optimized on the basis of analytical calculations and simulation analysis. RESULTS The proposed ferrite structure improves the power transfer efficiency from 2.78% to 5.21%. Additionally, the power transfer stability showed a slight improvement from 76.4% to 77.6%, while magnetic leakage was reduced by 84%. Finally, the human tissue safety is also discussed and verified. CONCLUSIONS The wireless power transfer system is shown to be feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozheng Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Zhuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Kuang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Tauber FJ, Slesarenko V. Early career scientists converse on the future of soft robotics. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1129827. [PMID: 36909362 PMCID: PMC9994530 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1129827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During the recent decade, we have witnessed an extraordinary flourishing of soft robotics. Rekindled interest in soft robots is partially associated with the advances in manufacturing techniques that enable the fabrication of sophisticated multi-material robotic bodies with dimensions ranging across multiple length scales. In recent manuscripts, a reader might find peculiar-looking soft robots capable of grasping, walking, or swimming. However, the growth in publication numbers does not always reflect the real progress in the field since many manuscripts employ very similar ideas and just tweak soft body geometries. Therefore, we unreservedly agree with the sentiment that future research must move beyond "soft for soft's sake." Soft robotics is an undoubtedly fascinating field, but it requires a critical assessment of the limitations and challenges, enabling us to spotlight the areas and directions where soft robots will have the best leverage over their traditional counterparts. In this perspective paper, we discuss the current state of robotic research related to such important aspects as energy autonomy, electronic-free logic, and sustainability. The goal is to critically look at perspectives of soft robotics from two opposite points of view provided by early career researchers and highlight the most promising future direction, that is, in our opinion, the employment of soft robotic technologies for soft bio-inspired artificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk J. Tauber
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg, Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Slesarenko
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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4
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Shin M, Lim J, An J, Yoon J, Choi JW. Nanomaterial-based biohybrid hydrogel in bioelectronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 36763293 PMCID: PMC9918666 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broadly applicable potential in the bioelectronics, organic/inorganic material-based bioelectronics have some limitations such as hard stiffness and low biocompatibility. To overcome these limitations, hydrogels capable of bridging the interface and connecting biological materials and electronics have been investigated for development of hydrogel bioelectronics. Although hydrogel bioelectronics have shown unique properties including flexibility and biocompatibility, there are still limitations in developing novel hydrogel bioelectronics using only hydrogels such as their low electrical conductivity and structural stability. As an alternative solution to address these issues, studies on the development of biohybrid hydrogels that incorporating nanomaterials into the hydrogels have been conducted for bioelectronic applications. Nanomaterials complement the shortcomings of hydrogels for bioelectronic applications, and provide new functionality in biohybrid hydrogel bioelectronics. In this review, we provide the recent studies on biohybrid hydrogels and their bioelectronic applications. Firstly, representative nanomaterials and hydrogels constituting biohybrid hydrogels are provided, and next, applications of biohybrid hydrogels in bioelectronics categorized in flexible/wearable bioelectronic devices, tissue engineering, and biorobotics are discussed with recent studies. In conclusion, we strongly believe that this review provides the latest knowledge and strategies on hydrogel bioelectronics through the combination of nanomaterials and hydrogels, and direction of future hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun An
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Paternò L, Lorenzon L. Soft robotics in wearable and implantable medical applications: Translational challenges and future outlooks. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1075634. [PMID: 36845334 PMCID: PMC9945115 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1075634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This work explores the recent research conducted towards the development of novel classes of devices in wearable and implantable medical applications allowed by the introduction of the soft robotics approach. In the medical field, the need for materials with mechanical properties similar to biological tissues is one of the first considerations that arises to improve comfort and safety in the physical interaction with the human body. Thus, soft robotic devices are expected to be able of accomplishing tasks no traditional rigid systems can do. In this paper, we describe future perspectives and possible routes to address scientific and clinical issues still hampering the accomplishment of ideal solutions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Paternò
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy,Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Linda Paternò,
| | - Lucrezia Lorenzon
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy,Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Hu L, Bonnemain J, Saeed MY, Singh M, Quevedo Moreno D, Vasilyev NV, Roche ET. An implantable soft robotic ventilator augments inspiration in a pig model of respiratory insufficiency. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:110-123. [PMID: 36509912 PMCID: PMC9991903 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe diaphragm dysfunction can lead to respiratory failure and to the need for permanent mechanical ventilation. Yet permanent tethering to a mechanical ventilator through the mouth or via tracheostomy can hinder a patient's speech, swallowing ability and mobility. Here we show, in a porcine model of varied respiratory insufficiency, that a contractile soft robotic actuator implanted above the diaphragm augments its motion during inspiration. Synchronized actuation of the diaphragm-assist implant with the native respiratory effort increased tidal volumes and maintained ventilation flow rates within the normal range. Robotic implants that intervene at the diaphragm rather than at the upper airway and that augment physiological metrics of ventilation may restore respiratory performance without sacrificing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hu
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean Bonnemain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego Quevedo Moreno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikolay V Vasilyev
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Cooper-White JJ. Editorial Series conclusion and journal outlook. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:030402. [PMID: 35996390 DOI: 10.1063/5.0105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Cooper-White
- University of Queensland, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St. Lucia, 4520 Queensland, Australia
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Casagrande G, Ibrahimi M, Semproni F, Iacovacci V, Menciassi A. Hydraulic Detrusor for Artificial Bladder Active Voiding. Soft Robot 2022; 10:269-279. [PMID: 35759369 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard treatment for bladder cancer is radical cystectomy that implies bladder removal coupled to urinary diversions. Despite the serious complications and the impossibility of controlled active voiding, bladder substitution with artificial systems is a challenge and cannot represent a real option, yet. In this article, we present hydraulic artificial detrusor prototypes to control and drive the voiding of an artificial bladder (AB). These prototypes rely on two actuator designs (origami and bellows) based either on negative or positive operating pressure, to be combined with an AB structure. Based on the bladder geometry and size, we optimized the actuators in terms of contraction/expansion performances, minimizing the liquid volume required for actuation and exploring different actuator arrangements to maximize the voiding efficiency. To operate the actuators, an ad hoc electrohydraulic circuit was developed for transferring liquid between the actuators and a reservoir, both of them intended to be implanted. The AB, actuators, and reservoir were fabricated with biocompatible flexible thermoplastic materials by a heat-sealing process. We assessed the voiding efficiency with benchtop experiments by varying the actuator type and arrangement at different simulated patient positions (horizontal, 45° tilted, and vertical) to identify the optimal configuration and actuation strategy. The most efficient solution relies on two bellows actuators anchored to the AB. This artificial detrusor design resulted in a voiding efficiency of about 99%, 99%, and 89%, in the vertical, 45° tilted, and horizontal positions, respectively. The relative voiding time was reduced by about 17, 24, and 55 s compared with the unactuated bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Casagrande
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Michele Ibrahimi
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Federica Semproni
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Veronica Iacovacci
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
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9
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Green RA. Possibilities in bioelectronics: Super humans or science fiction? APL Bioeng 2021; 5:040401. [PMID: 34964001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have led to a rapid increase in the development of neurotechnologies for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of conditions with neurological targets. The central driving force has been the need for next-generation devices to treat neural injury and disease, where current pharmaceutical or conventional bioelectronics have been unable to impart sufficient therapeutic effects. The advent of new therapies and advanced technologies has resulted in a reemergence of the concept of superhuman performance. This is a hypothetical possibility that is enabled when bionics are used to augment the neural system and has included the notions of improved cognitive ability and enhancement of hearing and seeing beyond the limitations of a healthy human. It is quite conceivable that a bionic eye could be used for night vision; however, the damage to both the neural system and surrounding tissues in placing such a device is only considered acceptable in the case of a patient that can obtain improvement in quality of life. There are also critical limitations that have hindered clinical translation of high-resolution neural interfaces, despite significant advances in biomaterial and bioelectronics technologies, including the advent of biohybrid devices. Surgical damage and foreign body reactions to such devices can be reduced but not eliminated, and these engineering solutions to reduce inflammation present additional challenges to the long-term performance and medical regulation. As a result, while bioelectronics has seen concepts from science fiction realized, there remains a significant gap to their use as enhancements beyond medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylie A Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AS, United Kingdom
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Iacovacci V, Tamadon I, Kauffmann EF, Pane S, Simoni V, Marziale L, Aragona M, Cobuccio L, Chiarugi M, Dario P, Del Prato S, Ricotti L, Vistoli F, Menciassi A. A fully implantable device for intraperitoneal drug delivery refilled by ingestible capsules. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/57/eabh3328. [PMID: 34408097 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abh3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Creating fully implantable robots that replace or restore physiological processes is a great challenge in medical robotics. Restoring blood glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes is particularly interesting in this sense. Intraperitoneal insulin delivery could revolutionize type 1 diabetes treatment. At present, the intraperitoneal route is little used because it relies on accessing ports connecting intraperitoneal catheters to external reservoirs. Drug-loaded pills transported across the digestive system to refill an implantable reservoir in a minimally invasive fashion could open new possibilities in intraperitoneal delivery. Here, we describe PILLSID (PILl-refiLled implanted System for Intraperitoneal Delivery), a fully implantable robotic device refillable through ingestible magnetic pills carrying drugs. Once refilled, the device acts as a programmable microinfusion system for precise intraperitoneal delivery. The robotic device is grounded on a combination of magnetic switchable components, miniaturized mechatronic elements, a wireless powering system, and a control unit to implement the refilling and control the infusion processes. In this study, we describe the PILLSID prototyping. The device key blocks are validated as single components and within the integrated device at the preclinical level. We demonstrate that the refilling mechanism works efficiently in vivo and that the blood glucose level can be safely regulated in diabetic swine. The device weights 165 grams and is 78 millimeters by 63 millimeters by 35 millimeters, comparable with commercial implantable devices yet overcoming the urgent critical issues related to reservoir refilling and powering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iacovacci
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Izadyar Tamadon
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Federico Kauffmann
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Pane
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Simoni
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marziale
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Aragona
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobuccio
- Emergency Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Cisanello Hospital, Via Piero Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- Emergency Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Cisanello Hospital, Via Piero Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Dario
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Dubai Future Labs, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vistoli
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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