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Toffoletti F, Collini E. Coherent and Incoherent Ultrafast Dynamics in Colloidal Gold Nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:339-348. [PMID: 38170625 PMCID: PMC10788960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The study of the mechanisms that control the ultrafast dynamics in gold nanoparticles is gaining more attention, as these nanomaterials can be used to create nanoarchitectures with outstanding optical properties. Here pump-probe and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy have been synergistically employed to investigate the early ultrafast femtosecond processes following photoexcitation in colloidal gold nanorods with low aspect ratio. Complementary insights into the coherent plasmonic dynamics at the femtosecond time scale and incoherent hot electron dynamics over picosecond time scales have been obtained, including important information on the different sensitivity to the pump fluence of the longitudinal and transverse plasmons and their different contributions to the photoinduced broadening and shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Toffoletti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, Via Gradenigo 6/A, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Fresch E, Collini E. The Role of H-Bonds in the Excited-State Properties of Multichromophoric Systems: Static and Dynamic Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083553. [PMID: 37110786 PMCID: PMC10141795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their importance, hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) have been the subject of intense investigation since their discovery. Indeed, H-bonds play a fundamental role in determining the structure, the electronic properties, and the dynamics of complex systems, including biologically relevant materials such as DNA and proteins. While H-bonds have been largely investigated for systems in their electronic ground state, fewer studies have focused on how the presence of H-bonds could affect the static and dynamic properties of electronic excited states. This review presents an overview of the more relevant progress in studying the role of H-bond interactions in modulating excited-state features in multichromophoric biomimetic complex systems. The most promising spectroscopic techniques that can be used for investigating the H-bond effects in excited states and for characterizing the ultrafast processes associated with their dynamics are briefly summarized. Then, experimental insights into the modulation of the electronic properties resulting from the presence of H-bond interactions are provided, and the role of the H-bond in tuning the excited-state dynamics and the related photophysical processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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3
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Yang Y, Volpato GA, Rossin E, Peruffo N, Tumbarello F, Nicoletti C, Bonetto R, Paoloni L, Umari P, Colusso E, Dell'Amico L, Berardi S, Collini E, Caramori S, Agnoli S, Sartorel A. Photoelectrochemical C-H Activation Through a Quinacridone Dye Enabling Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201980. [PMID: 36507568 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoanodes for C-H activation in organic substrates are assembled by vacuum sublimation of a commercially available quinacridone (QNC) dye in the form of nanosized rods onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), TiO2 , and SnO2 slides. The photoanodes display extended absorption in the visible range (450-600 nm) and ultrafast photoinduced electron injection (<1 ps, as revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy) of the QNC dye into the semiconductor. The proton-coupled electron-transfer reactivity of QNC is exploited for generating a nitrogen-based radical as its oxidized form, which is competent in C-H bond activation. The key reactivity parameter is the bond-dissociation free energy (BDFE) associated with the N⋅/N-H couple in QNC of 80.5±2.3 kcal mol-1 , which enables hydrogen atom abstraction from allylic or benzylic C-H moieties. A photoelectrochemical response is indeed observed for organic substrates characterized by C-H bonds with BDFE below the 80.5 kcal mol-1 threshold, such as γ-terpinene, xanthene, or dihydroanthracene. This work provides a rational, mechanistically oriented route to the design of dye-sensitized photoelectrodes for selective organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuo Yang
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Alice Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rossin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tumbarello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Catia Nicoletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bonetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Paoloni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Umari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Colusso
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM, University of Padova, F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Berardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem), Sez. di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem), Sez. di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Giavazzi D, Saseendran S, Di Maiolo F, Painelli A. A Comprehensive Approach to Exciton Delocalization and Energy Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 19:436-447. [PMID: 36563008 PMCID: PMC9878730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic intermolecular interactions lie at the heart of both the Förster model for resonance energy transfer (RET) and the exciton model for energy delocalization. In the Förster theory of RET, the excitation energy incoherently flows from the energy donor to a weakly coupled energy acceptor. The exciton model describes instead the energy delocalization in aggregates of identical (or nearly so) molecules. Here, we introduce a model that brings together molecular aggregates and RET. We will consider a couple of molecules, each described in terms of two diabatic electronic states, coupled to an effective molecular vibration. Electrostatic intermolecular interactions drive energy fluxes between the molecules, that, depending on model parameters, can be described as RET or energy delocalization. At variance with the standard Förster model for RET and of the exciton model for aggregates, our approach applies both in the weak and in the strong coupling regimes and fully accounts for the quantum nature of molecular vibrations in a nonadiabatic approach. Coupling the system to a thermal bath, we follow RET and energy delocalization in real time and simulate time-resolved emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Giavazzi
- Department of Chemistry,
Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S. Saseendran
- Department of Chemistry,
Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F. Di Maiolo
- Department of Chemistry,
Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A. Painelli
- Department of Chemistry,
Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Synthesis and Photophysics Characterization of Boronic Styril and Distyryl BODIPYs for Water-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030110. [PMID: 35997430 PMCID: PMC9397057 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two boronic acid BODIPYs are obtained through a microwave-assisted Knoevenagel reaction. The aim is to use them for the first time as dyes in a photosensitized solar cell (DSSC) to mimic chlorophyll photosynthesis, harvesting solar light and converting it into electricity. The microwave-assisted Knoevenagel reaction is a straightforward approach to extending the molecular conjugation of the dye and is applied for the first time to synthesize BODIPY’s boronic acid derivatives. These derivatives have proved to be very useful for covalent deposition on titania. This work studies the photo-physical and electrochemical properties. Moreover, the photovoltaic performances of these two new dyes as sensitizers for DSSC are discussed. Experimental data show that both dyes exhibit photosensitizing activities in acetonitrile and water. In particular, in all the experiments, distyryl BODIPY was more efficient than styryl BODIPY. In this study, demonstrating the use of a natural component as a water-based electrolyte for boronic BODIPY sensitizers, we open new possibilities for the development of water-based solar cells.
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Trapani M, Castriciano MA, Collini E, Bella G, Cordaro M. Supramolecular BODIPY based dimers: synthesis, computational and spectroscopic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8118-8127. [PMID: 34473180 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic procedures for the preparation of supramolecular BODIPY dimers decorated with complementary patterns able to induce the formation of a triple hydrogen bond through mutual interactions are here reported. The BODIPY and styryl-equipped BODIPY species have been suitably functionalized in meso position with 2,6-diacetamido-4-pyridyl and 1-butyl-6-uracyl moieties. Dimers and monomers have been subjected to computational and photophysical investigations in solvent media. Various peculiarities concerning the effects of the interaction geometry on the stability of the H-bonded systems have also been investigated. The combination of modelling and experimental data provides a paradigm for improving and refining the BODIPY synthetic pathway to have chromophoric architectures with a programmable supramolecular identity. Furthermore, the possibility of assembling dimers of different dyes through H-bonds could be appealing for a systematic investigation of the principal factors affecting the dynamics of the energy migration and possibly driving coherent transfer mechanisms. Our work highlights how the chemical versatility of these dyes can be exploited to design new BODIPY-based supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Intermolecular Forces Driving Hexamethylenetetramine Co-Crystal Formation, a DFT and XRD Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195746. [PMID: 34641290 PMCID: PMC8510214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in co-crystals formation has been constantly growing since their discovery, almost a century ago. Such success is due to the ability to tune the physical-chemical properties of the components in solid state by avoiding a change in their molecular structure. The properties influenced by the co-crystals formation range from an improvement of mechanical features and chemical stability to different solubility. In the scientific research area, the pharmacological field is undoubtedly one of those in which an expansion of the co-crystal knowledge can offer wide benefits. In this work, we described the crystalline structure of hexamethylenetetramine co-crystallized with the isophthalic acid, and we compared it with another co-crystal, showing the same components but different stoichiometry. To give a wider overview on the nature of the interactions behind the observed crystal packing and to rationalize the reasons of its formation, a computational analysis on such structures was carried out.
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3-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxaldehyde Methyl Hemiacetal. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxaldehyde as a stable methyl hemiacetal through a convenient 3-step procedure is reported. The molecule is multifunctional as it contains a formyl group, a hydroxyl group and the imide moiety. Each of these groups can play a role in specific transformations or uses.
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5-(2,6-Diacetamidopyridin-4-yl)-kryptoBODIPY. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new dyes for various fields of application is of primary interest for the scientific community, among these BODIPY are widely studied for their versatility. This communication describes the synthesis of a BODIPY dye on which a diacetoamidopyridine moiety is connected in meso position. The synthesis procedure requires a one-pot step and the dye is obtained with a yield of 20%. The diacetoamido portion contains chemical functionalities able to favor the interaction of BODIPY with complementary molecules, such as uracil or thymine, offering potential applications for the design of new functional materials or sensors.
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Collini E. 2D Electronic Spectroscopic Techniques for Quantum Technology Applications. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:13096-13108. [PMID: 34276867 PMCID: PMC8282191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) techniques have gained particular interest given their capability of following ultrafast coherent and noncoherent processes in real-time. Although the fame of 2DES is still majorly linked to the investigation of energy and charge transport in biological light-harvesting complexes, 2DES is now starting to be recognized as a particularly valuable tool for studying transport processes in artificial nanomaterials and nanodevices. Particularly meaningful is the possibility of assessing coherent mechanisms active in the transport of excitation energy in these materials toward possible quantum technology applications. The diverse nature of these new target samples poses significant challenges and calls for a critical rethinking of the technique and its different realizations. With the confluence of promising new applications and rapidly developing technical capabilities, the enormous potential of 2DES techniques to impact the field of nanosystems, quantum technologies, and quantum devices is here delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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