1
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Giri SK, Schatz GC. Laser pulse induced second- and third-harmonic generation of gold nanorods with real-time time-dependent density functional tight binding (RT-TDDFTB) method. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044703. [PMID: 39041878 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate second- and third-harmonic generation processes in Au nanorod systems using the real-time time-dependent density functional tight binding method. Our study focuses on the computation of nonlinear signals based on the time dependent dipole response induced by linearly polarized laser pulses interacting with nanoparticles. We systematically explore the influence of various laser parameters, including pump intensity, duration, frequency, and polarization directions, on harmonic generation. We demonstrate all the results using Au nanorod dimer systems arranged in end-to-end configurations, and disrupting the spatial symmetry of regular single nanorod systems is crucial for second-harmonic generation processes. Furthermore, we study the impact of nanorod lengths, which lead to variable plasmon energies, on harmonic generation, and estimates of polarizabilities and hyper-polarizabilities are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kumar Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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2
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Sun Q, Ceylan YS, Gieseking RLM. Quantitative analysis of charge transfer plasmons in silver nanocluster dimers using semiempirical methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19138-19160. [PMID: 38962964 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoclusters are widely used in chemistry, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. In metal nanocluster dimers, coupling of the plasmons leads to the emergence of two distinct types of modes: (1) bonding dipole plasmons (BDP), which occurs when charge oscillates synchronously within each nanocluster, and (2) charge transfer plasmons (CTP), which occurs when charge oscillates between two conductively linked nanoclusters. Although TDDFT-based modeling has uncovered some trends in these modes, it is computationally expensive for large dimers, and quantitative analysis is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the semiempirical quantum mechanical method INDO/CIS enables us to quantify the CTP character of each excited state efficiently. In end-to-end Ag nanowire dimers, the longitudinal states have CTP character that decreases with increasing gap distance and nanowire length. In side-by-side dimers, the transverse states have CTP character and generally larger than in the end-to-end dimers, particularly for the longer nanowires. In side-by-side dimers where one nanowire is shifted along the length of the other, the CTP character of the longitudinal states peaks when the dimer is shifted by two Ag-Ag bond lengths, while the transverse states show decreasing CTP character as displacement increases. In the larger Ag31+ nanorod dimers, CTP character follow a similar distance dependence to that seen in the small nanowire but have smaller overall CTP character than the nanowires. Our study demonstrates that INDO/CIS is capable of modeling metal nanocluster dimers at a low computational cost, making it possible to study larger dimers that are difficult to analyze using TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
| | - Yavuz S Ceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, 375 Church Street, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247, USA
| | - Rebecca L M Gieseking
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA.
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3
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Zeng F, Long L, Wang S, Li X, Cai S, Li D. The Difference between Plasmon Excitations in Chemically Heterogeneous Gold and Silver Atomic Clusters. Molecules 2024; 29:3300. [PMID: 39064878 PMCID: PMC11279591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Weak doping can broaden, shift, and quench plasmon peaks in nanoparticles, but the mechanistic intricacies of the diverse responses to doping remain unclear. In this study, we used the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to compute the excitation properties of transition-metal Pd- or Pt-doped gold and silver atomic arrays and investigate the evolution characteristics and response mechanisms of their plasmon peaks. The results demonstrated that the Pd or Pt doping of the off-centered 10 × 2 atomic arrays broadened or shifted the plasmon peaks to varying degrees. In particular, for Pd-doped 10 × 2 Au atomic arrays, the broadened plasmon peak significantly blueshifted, whereas a slight red shift was observed for Pt-doped arrays. For the 10 × 2 Ag atomic arrays, Pd doping caused almost no shift in the plasmon peak, whereas Pt doping caused a substantial red shift in the broadened plasmon peak. The analysis revealed that the diversity in these doping responses was related to the energy positions of the d electrons in the gold and silver atomic clusters and the positions of the doping atomic orbitals in the energy bands. The introduction of doping atoms altered the symmetry and gap size of the occupied and unoccupied orbitals, so multiple modes of single-particle transitions were involved in the excitation. An electron transfer analysis indicated a close correlation between excitation energy and the electron transfer of doping atoms. Finally, the differences in the symmetrically centered 11 × 2 doped atomic array were discussed using electron transfer analysis to validate the reliability of this analytical method. These findings elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of the evolution of plasmon peaks in doped atomic clusters and provide new insights into the rational control and application of plasmons in low-dimensional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjin Zeng
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Lin Long
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyi Wang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China;
| | - Shaohong Cai
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Dongxiang Li
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
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4
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Samarasinghe DSND, Aikens CM. Effects of Static Electric Fields on the Excitations of Silver Nanowire Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38662421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically studied the introduction of static electric fields to Ag10 nanowire dimer systems, including the effects of this field on optical absorption characteristics and the orbitals responsible for these excitations. Linear-response time-dependent density functional theory computations were performed on three distinct dimer systems: end-to-end, parallel, and 90° angle dimer systems separated by a closest interparticle distance of 7.0 Å. The calculations were performed in the presence of a 0.1 V/Å electric field strength applied in the z and y directions. The orientation of the dimer system and the direction of the applied static electric field each play a significant role in the resulting absorption spectra and the electronic structure of the nanowires. As a result, a dimer system can exhibit a blue shift for the longitudinal excitation and a red shift for the transverse excitation in the presence of one direction of the static electric field but not for the other direction. Notably, the electron density shifts from one nanowire to the other in the presence of the static electric field. Changes in optical characteristics and electronic structure suggest that the usage of a static electric field with a particular spatial configuration of nanowires provides a way to tune the optical properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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5
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Xi M, Xu C, Zhong L, Liu C, Li N, Zhang S, Wang Z. Dipole-multipole plasmonic coupling between gold nanorods and titanium nitride nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal conversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6196-6207. [PMID: 38305020 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The plasmonic photothermal conversion efficiency can be enhanced by coupling among plasmonic atoms or plasmonic molecules due to the amplified local electric field and extinction cross-section. Recently, it has been theoretically proved that hybridization between dipolar modes and higher order modes can provide higher enhancement than that among dipolar modes in terms of both near- and far-field, which may lead to a higher photothermal conversion rate. In this work, we systematically investigated the photothermal conversion enhancement of plasmonic coupling between a dipolar mode of a titanium nitride nanoparticle (TiN NP) and a higher order mode of a gold nanorod (Au NR), which was compared to that of coupling among TiN NPs' dipolar modes. We evaluated the photothermal conversion efficiency of dipole-dipole coupling and dipole-multipole coupling in the nanocluster under the illumination of a monochromatic laser of 808 nm wavelength and simulated solar light, respectively. Both experimental tests and numerical simulations suggested that the plasmonic dipole-multipole coupling exhibited higher enhancement in photothermal conversion than dipole-dipole plasmonic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xi
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Chenyang Xu
- School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Mechatronics & Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, P. R. China.
| | - Cui Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Nian Li
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyang Wang
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China.
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6
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Herring C, Montemore MM. Recent Advances in Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Simulations of Plasmonic Nanostructures and Plasmonic Photocatalysis. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:269-279. [PMID: 37601917 PMCID: PMC10436373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic catalysis provides a possible means for driving chemical reactions under relatively mild conditions. Rational design of these systems is impeded by the difficulty in understanding the electron dynamics and their interplay with reactions. Real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) can provide dynamic information on excited states in plasmonic systems, including those relevant to plasmonic catalysis, at time scales and length scales that are otherwise out of reach of many experimental techniques. Here, we discuss previous RT-TDDFT studies of plasmonic systems, focusing on recent work that gains insight into plasmonic catalysis. These studies provide insight into plasmon dynamics, including size effects and the role of specific electronic states. Further, these studies provide significant insight into mechanisms underlying plasmonic catalysis, showing the importance of charge transfer between metal and adsorbate states, as well as local field enhancement, in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
J. Herring
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, United States
| | - Matthew M. Montemore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, United States
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7
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Domenis N, Grobas Illobre P, Marsili M, Stener M, Toffoli D, Coccia E. Time Evolution of Plasmonic Features in Pentagonal Ag Clusters. Molecules 2023; 28:5671. [PMID: 37570641 PMCID: PMC10420145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we apply recently developed real-time descriptors to study the time evolution of plasmonic features of pentagonal Ag clusters. The method is based on the propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation within a singly excited TDDFT ansatz. We use transition contribution maps (TCMs) and induced density to characterize the optical longitudinal and transverse response of such clusters, when interacting with pulses resonant with the low-energy (around 2-3 eV, A1) size-dependent or the high-energy (around 4 eV, E1) size-independent peak. TCMs plots on the analyzed clusters, Ag25+ and Ag43+ show off-diagonal peaks consistent with a plasmonic response when a longitudinal pulse resonant at A1 frequency is applied, and dominant diagonal spots, typical of a molecular transition, when a transverse E1 pulse is employed. Induced densities confirm this behavior, with a dipole-like charge distribution in the first case. The optical features show a time delay with respect to the evolution of the external pulse, consistent with those found in the literature for real-time TDDFT calculations on metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Domenis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Marsili
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Havenridge S, Rüger R, Aikens CM. Analytical excited state gradients for time-dependent density functional theory plus tight binding (TDDFT + TB). J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895226. [PMID: 37290069 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding photoluminescent mechanisms has become essential for photocatalytic, biological, and electronic applications. Unfortunately, analyzing excited state potential energy surfaces (PESs) in large systems is computationally expensive, and hence limited with electronic structure methods such as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Inspired by the sTDDFT and sTDA methods, time-dependent density functional theory plus tight binding (TDDFT + TB) has been shown to reproduce linear response TDDFT results much faster than TDDFT, particularly in large nanoparticles. For photochemical processes, however, methods must go beyond the calculation of excitation energies. Herein, this work outlines an analytical approach to obtain the derivative of the vertical excitation energy in TDDFT + TB for more efficient excited state PES exploration. The gradient derivation is based on the Z vector method, which utilizes an auxiliary Lagrangian to characterize the excitation energy. The gradient is obtained when the derivatives of the Fock matrix, the coupling matrix, and the overlap matrix are all plugged into the auxiliary Lagrangian, and the Lagrange multipliers are solved. This article outlines the derivation of the analytical gradient, discusses the implementation in Amsterdam Modeling Suite, and provides proof of concept by analyzing the emission energy and optimized excited state geometry calculated by TDDFT and TDDFT + TB for small organic molecules and noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - Robert Rüger
- Software for Chemistry & Materials BV, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
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9
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Della Sala F, Pachter R, Sukharev M. Advances in modeling plasmonic systems. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:190401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, LE, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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10
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Kang M, Lee H, Hong S, Choi J. Molecular mechanics of Ag nanowire transfer processes subjected to contact loading by a PDMS substrate. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1073-1081. [PMID: 35788253 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise transfer and attachment of a single nanowire to a target substrate is an interesting technique in surface engineering. The spacing, which restrains the attachment of a nanowire to a substrate, and the bending strain that occurs when the nanowire detaches from the elastomeric donor are important design parameters. In this regard, in this study, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to analyse the mechanical behaviour of a penta-twinned silver nanowire (AgNW) placed on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) donor substrate to elucidate the relevant transfer process. The bow deformation of the AgNW at the delamination front of PDMS was characterized as a function of its diameter and aspect ratio. The mechanisms of dislocation slip and propagation as well as the internal stress distribution of the AgNW were then examined. The results showed that twin boundary formation during the bow deformation is a key factor affecting the strain hardening of the AgNW and leading to complete plastic strain recovery after the removal of the PDMS substrate. Furthermore, the process was demonstrated experimentally by a localized bonding and transfer of AgNWs by continuous-wave laser irradiation. Based on the computational and experimental findings, an empirical model considering the shape parameters of AgNWs that can ensure a successful transfer process was established, which is essential for high-performance AgNW electrode design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonmyung Choi
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
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