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Yu CC, Seki T, Chiang KY, Wang Y, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Depth-profiling alkyl chain order in unsaturated lipid monolayers on water. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114902. [PMID: 38506293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids with C=C groups in their alkyl chains are widely present in the cell membrane and food. The C=C groups alter the lipid packing density, membrane stability, and persistence against lipid oxidation. Yet, molecular-level insights into the structure of the unsaturated lipids remain scarce. Here, we probe the molecular structure and organization of monolayers of unsaturated lipids on the water surface using heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy. We vary the location of the C=C in the alkyl chain and find that at high lipid density, the location of the C=C group affects neither the interfacial water organization nor the tail of the alkyl chain. Based on this observation, we use the C=C stretch HD-SFG response to depth-profile the alkyl chain conformation of the unsaturated lipid. We find that the first 1/3 of carbon atoms from the headgroup are relatively rigid, oriented perpendicular to the surface. In contrast, the remaining carbon atoms can be approximated as free rotators, introducing the disordering of the alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takakazu Seki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561 Aomori, Japan
| | - Kuo-Yang Chiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Saak CM, Dreier LB, Machel K, Bonn M, Backus EHG. Biological lipid hydration: distinct mechanisms of interfacial water alignment and charge screening for model lipid membranes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 249:317-333. [PMID: 37795538 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Studying lipid monolayers as model biological membranes, we demonstrate that water molecules interfacing with different model membranes can display preferential orientation for two distinct reasons: due to charges on the membrane, and due to large dipole fields resulting from zwitterionic headgroups. This preferential water orientation caused by the charge or the dipolar field can be effectively neutralized to net-zero water orientation by introducing monolayer counter-charges (i.e. lipids with oppositely charged headgroups). Following the Gouy-Chapman model, the effect of monolayer surface charge on water orientation is furthermore strongly dependent on the electrolyte concentration and thus on the counterions in solution. In contrast, the effect of ions in the subphase on the dipolar alignment of water is zero. As a result, the capability of monolayer counter-charges to null the effect of dipolar orientation is strongly electrolyte-dependent. Notably, the different effects are additive for mixed charged/zwitterionic lipid systems occurring in nature. Specifically, for an E. coli lipid membrane extract consisting of both zwitterionic and negatively charged lipids, the water orientation can be explained by the sum of the constituents. Our results can be quantitatively reproduced using Gouy-Chapman theory, revealing the relatively straightforward electrostatic effects on the hydration of complex membrane interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Magdalena Saak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lisa B Dreier
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Machel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang S, Zeb J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Gan W. The Transport of Charged Molecules across Three Lipid Membranes Investigated with Second Harmonic Generation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114330. [PMID: 37298807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the structure and composition of lipid membranes can have a profound impact on their transport of functional molecules and relevant cell functions. Here, we present a comparison of the permeability of bilayers composed of three lipids: cardiolipin, DOPG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol)). The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of a charged molecule, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on vesicles composed of the three lipids were monitored by second harmonic generation (SHG) scattering from the vesicle surface. It is revealed that structural mismatching between the saturated and unsaturated alkane chains in POPG leads to relatively loose packing structure in the lipid bilayers, thus providing better permeability compared to unsaturated lipid bilayers (DOPG). This mismatching also weakens the efficiency of cholesterol in rigidifying the lipid bilayers. It is also revealed that the bilayer structure is somewhat disturbed by the surface curvature in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of POPG and the conical structured cardiolipin. Such subtle information on the relationship between the lipid structure and the molecular transport capability of the bilayers may provide clues for drug development and other medical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Johar Zeb
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunli Chen
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Drexler CI, Cyran JD, Webb LJ. Lipid-Specific Direct Translocation of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide NAF-1 44-67 across Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2002-2010. [PMID: 36827970 PMCID: PMC10127249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide NAF-1 has recently emerged as a promising candidate for selective penetration and destruction of cancer cells. It displays numerous membrane-selective behaviors including cell-specific uptake and organelle-specific degradation. In this work, we explore membrane penetration and translocation of NAF-1 in model lipid bilayer vesicles as a function of lipid identity in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids mixed with anionic phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid lipids. By monitoring the digestion of NAF-1 using the protease trypsin located inside but not outside the vesicles, we determined that the translocation of NAF-1 was significantly enhanced by the presence of phosphatidic acid in the membrane compared to the other three anionic or zwitterionic lipids. These findings were correlated to fluorescence measurements of dansyl-labeled NAF-1, which revealed whether noncovalent interactions between NAF-1 and the bilayer were most stable either at the membrane/solution interface or within the membrane interior. Phosphatidic acid promoted interactions with fatty acid tails, while phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol stabilized interactions with polar lipid headgroups. Interfacial vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy experiments revealed that the phosphate moiety on phosphatidic acid headgroups was better hydrated than on the other three lipids, which helped to shuttle NAF-1 into the hydrophobic region. Our findings demonstrate that permeation does not depend on the net charge on phospholipid lipid headgroups in these model vesicles and suggest a model wherein NAF-1 crosses membranes selectively due to lipid-specific interactions at bilayer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Drexler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jenée D Cyran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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Hryc J, Szczelina R, Markiewicz M, Pasenkiewicz-Gierula M. Lipid/water interface of galactolipid bilayers in different lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:958537. [PMID: 36046609 PMCID: PMC9423040 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.958537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, carried out using computational methods, the organisation of the lipid/water interface of bilayers composed of galactolipids with both α-linolenoyl acyl chains is analysed and compared in three different lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. These systems include the monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDG) and digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG) bilayers in the lamellar phase, the MGDG double bilayer during stalk phase formation and the inverse hexagonal MGDG phase. For each system, lipid-water and direct and water-mediated lipid-lipid interactions between the lipids of one bilayer leaflet and those of two apposing leaflets at the onset of new phase (stalk) formation, are identified. A network of interactions between DGDG molecules and its topological properties are derived and compared to those for the MGDG bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hryc
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Szczelina
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Markiewicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, ; Michal Markiewicz,
| | - Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, ; Michal Markiewicz,
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