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Esat T, Borodin D, Oh J, Heinrich AJ, Tautz FS, Bae Y, Temirov R. A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z. [PMID: 39054385 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Esat
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Dmitriy Borodin
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Oh
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - F Stefan Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany
- Experimentalphysik IV A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Ruslan Temirov
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Bermúdez-Perez JD, Herrera-Vasco E, Casas-Salgado J, Castelblanco HA, Vega-Bustos K, Cardenas-Chirivi G, Herrera-Sandoval OL, Suderow H, Giraldo-Gallo P, Galvis JA. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscope and its adaptation for local thermopower measurements in 2D materials. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 261:113963. [PMID: 38613941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2024.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication and discuss the performance of a new combined high-resolution Scanning Tunneling and Thermopower Microscope (STM/SThEM). We also describe the development of the electronic control, the user interface, the vacuum system, and arrangements to reduce acoustical noise and vibrations. We demonstrate the microscope's performance with atomic-resolution topographic images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and local thermopower measurements in the semimetal Bi2Te3. Our system offers a tool to investigate the relationship between electronic structure and thermoelectric properties at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Bermúdez-Perez
- School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Edwin Herrera-Vasco
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Casas-Salgado
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Hector A Castelblanco
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Karen Vega-Bustos
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | | | - Hermann Suderow
- Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Augusto Galvis
- School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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3
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Reale S, Hwang J, Oh J, Brune H, Heinrich AJ, Donati F, Bae Y. Electrically driven spin resonance of 4f electrons in a single atom on a surface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5289. [PMID: 38902242 PMCID: PMC11190280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A pivotal challenge in quantum technologies lies in reconciling long coherence times with efficient manipulation of the quantum states of a system. Lanthanide atoms, with their well-localized 4f electrons, emerge as a promising solution to this dilemma if provided with a rational design for manipulation and detection. Here we construct tailored spin structures to perform electron spin resonance on a single lanthanide atom using a scanning tunneling microscope. A magnetically coupled structure made of an erbium and a titanium atom enables us to both drive the erbium's 4f electron spins and indirectly probe them through the titanium's 3d electrons. The erbium spin states exhibit an extended spin relaxation time and a higher driving efficiency compared to 3d atoms with spin ½ in similarly coupled structures. Our work provides a new approach to accessing highly protected spin states, enabling their coherent control in an all-electric fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Reale
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jiyoon Hwang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Oh
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fabio Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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4
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Chung PF, Venkatesan B, Su CC, Chang JT, Cheng HK, Liu CA, Yu H, Chang CS, Guan SY, Chuang TM. Design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope with a hybrid vibration isolation system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033701. [PMID: 38426899 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A spectroscopic imaging-scanning tunneling microscope (SI-STM) allows for the atomic scale visualization of the surface electronic and magnetic structure of novel quantum materials with a high energy resolution. To achieve the optimal performance, a low vibration facility is required. Here, we describe the design and performance of an ultrahigh vacuum STM system supported by a hybrid vibration isolation system that consists of a pneumatic passive and a piezoelectric active vibration isolation stage. We present the detailed vibrational noise analysis of the hybrid vibration isolation system, which shows that the vibration level can be suppressed below 10-8 m/sec/√Hz for most frequencies up to 100 Hz. Combined with a rigid STM design, vibrational noise can be successfully removed from the tunneling current. We demonstrate the performance of our STM system by taking high resolution spectroscopic maps and topographic images on several quantum materials. Our results establish a new strategy to achieve an effective vibration isolation system for high-resolution STM and other scanning probe microscopies to investigate the nanoscale quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Chung
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Balaji Venkatesan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Su
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Te Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-An Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Henry Yu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Seng Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Syu-You Guan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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5
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Hnid I, Yassin A, Arbouch I, Guérin D, van Dyck C, Sanguinet L, Lenfant S, Cornil J, Blanchard P, Vuillaume D. Molecular Junctions for Terahertz Switches and Detectors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2553-2560. [PMID: 38363554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Molecular electronics targets tiny devices exploiting the electronic properties of the molecular orbitals, which can be tailored and controlled by the chemical structure and configuration of the molecules. Many functional devices have been experimentally demonstrated; however, these devices were operated in the low-frequency domain (mainly dc to MHz). This represents a serious limitation for electronic applications, although molecular devices working in the THz regime have been theoretically predicted. Here, we experimentally demonstrate molecular THz switches at room temperature. The devices consist of self-assembled monolayers of molecules bearing two conjugated moieties coupled through a nonconjugated linker. These devices exhibit clear negative differential conductance behaviors (peaks in the current-voltage curves), as confirmed by ab initio simulations, which were reversibly suppressed under illumination with a 30 THz wave. We analyze how the THz switching behavior depends on the THz wave properties (power and frequency), and we benchmark that these molecular devices would outperform actual THz detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hnid
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Ali Yassin
- MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS, University of Angers, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
- Natural Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imane Arbouch
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Colin van Dyck
- Theoretical Chemical Physics group, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Lionel Sanguinet
- MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS, University of Angers, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Blanchard
- MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS, University of Angers, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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6
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Phark S, Bui HT, Ferrón A, Fernández‐Rossier J, Reina‐Gálvez J, Wolf C, Wang Y, Yang K, Heinrich AJ, Lutz CP. Electric-Field-Driven Spin Resonance by On-Surface Exchange Coupling to a Single-Atom Magnet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302033. [PMID: 37466177 PMCID: PMC10520627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control of individual atomic and molecular spins on surfaces has recently been demonstrated by using electron spin resonance (ESR) in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Here, a combined experimental and modeling study of the ESR of a single hydrogenated Ti atom that is exchange-coupled to a Fe adatom positioned 0.6-0.8 nm away by means of atom manipulation is presented. Continuous wave and pulsed ESR of the Ti spin show a Rabi rate with two contributions, one from the tip and the other from the Fe, whose spin interactions with Ti are modulated by the radio-frequency electric field. The Fe contribution is comparable to the tip, as revealed by its dominance when the tip is retracted, and tunable using a vector magnetic field. The new ESR scheme allows on-surface individual spins to be addressed and coherently controlled without the need for magnetic interaction with a tip. This study establishes a feasible implementation of spin-based multi-qubit systems on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo‐hyon Phark
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
- IBM Research DivisionAlmaden Research CenterSan JoseCA95120USA
| | - Hong Thi Bui
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandro Ferrón
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica (CONICET‐UNNE) and Facultad de Ciencias ExactasNaturales y AgrimensuraUniversidad Nacional del NordesteAvenida Libertad 5400CorrientesW3404AASArgentina
| | | | - Jose Reina‐Gálvez
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Yang
- IBM Research DivisionAlmaden Research CenterSan JoseCA95120USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100864China
| | - Andreas J. Heinrich
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul03760Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
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7
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Phark SH, Chen Y, Bui HT, Wang Y, Haze M, Kim J, Bae Y, Heinrich AJ, Wolf C. Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of Coupled Electron Spins on a Surface. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37406167 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) has enabled single-spin spectroscopy with nanoelectronvolt energy resolution and angstrom-scale spatial resolution, which allows quantum sensing and magnetic resonance imaging at the atomic scale. Extending this spectroscopic tool to a study of multiple spins, however, is nontrivial due to the extreme locality of the STM tunnel junction. Here we demonstrate double electron-electron spin resonance spectroscopy in an STM for two coupled atomic spins by simultaneously and independently driving them using two continuous-wave radio frequency voltages. We show the ability to drive and detect the resonance of a spin that is remote from the tunnel junction while read-out is achieved via the spin in the tunnel junction. Open quantum system simulations for two coupled spins reproduce all double-resonance spectra and further reveal a relaxation time of the remote spin that is longer by an order of magnitude than that of the local spin in the tunnel junction. Our technique can be applied to quantum-coherent multi-spin sensing, simulation, and manipulation in engineered spin structures on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyon Phark
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong T Bui
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Masahiro Haze
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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8
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Li W, Wang J, Zhang J, Meng W, Xie C, Hou Y, Xia Z, Lu Q. Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Micron-Sized Samples Realized by High Magnetic Field Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:287. [PMID: 36837986 PMCID: PMC9961884 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can image material surfaces with atomic resolution, making it a useful tool in the areas of physics and materials. Many materials are synthesized at micron size, especially few-layer materials. Limited by their complex structure, very few STMs are capable of directly positioning and imaging a micron-sized sample with atomic resolution. Traditional STMs are designed to study the material behavior induced by temperature variation, while the physical properties induced by magnetic fields are rarely studied. In this paper, we present the design and construction of an atomic-resolution STM that can operate in a 9 T high magnetic field. More importantly, the homebuilt STM is capable of imaging micron-sized samples. The performance of the STM is demonstrated by high-quality atomic images obtained on a graphite surface, with low drift rates in the X-Y plane and Z direction. The atomic-resolution image obtained on a 32-μm graphite flake illustrates the new STM's ability of positioning and imaging micron-sized samples. Finally, we present atomic resolution images at a magnetic field range from 0 T to 9 T. The above advantages make our STM a promising tool for investigating the quantum hall effect of micron-sized layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Li
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jihao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenjie Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Caihong Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yubin Hou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhigang Xia
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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