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Gao M, Lüpken NM, Fallnich C. Highly efficient and widely tunable Si 3N 4 waveguide-based optical parametric oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10899-10909. [PMID: 38570952 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient and widely tunable synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide with inverted tapers. At a pump pulse duration of 2 ps, the waveguide-based OPO (WOPO) exhibited a high external pump-to-idler conversion efficiency of up to -7.64 dB at 74% pump depletion and a generation of up to 387 pJ output idler pulse energy around 1.13 μm wavelength. Additionally, the parametric oscillation resulted in a 64 dB amplification of idler power spectral density in comparison to spontaneous FWM, allowing for a wide idler wavelength tunability of 191 nm around 1.15 μm. Our WOPO represents a significant improvement of conversion efficiency as well as output energy among χ3 WOPOs, rendering an important step towards a highly efficient and widely tunable chip-based light source for, e.g., coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering.
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Liu H, Brodnik GM, Zang J, Carlson DR, Black JA, Papp SB. Threshold and Laser Conversion in Nanostructured-Resonator Parametric Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:023801. [PMID: 38277595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.023801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We explore optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in nanophotonic resonators, enabling arbitrary, nonlinear phase matching and nearly lossless control of energy conversion. Such pristine OPO laser converters are determined by nonlinear light-matter interactions, making them both technologically flexible and broadly reconfigurable. We utilize a nanostructured inner-wall modulation in the resonator to achieve universal phase matching for OPO-laser conversion, but coherent backscattering also induces a counterpropagating pump laser. This depletes the intraresonator optical power in either direction, increasing the OPO threshold power and limiting laser-conversion efficiency, the ratio of optical power in target signal and idler frequencies to the pump. We develop an analytical model of this system that emphasizes an understanding of optimal laser-conversion and threshold behaviors, and we use the model to guide experiments with nanostructured-resonator OPO laser-conversion circuits, fully integrated on chip and unlimited by group-velocity dispersion. Our Letter demonstrates the fundamental connection between OPO laser-conversion efficiency and the resonator coupling rate, subject to the relative phase and power of counterpropagating pump fields. We achieve (40±4) mW of on-chip power, corresponding to (41±4)% conversion efficiency, and discover a path toward near-unity OPO laser-conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Liu
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Grant M Brodnik
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jizhao Zang
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - David R Carlson
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Octave Photonics, Louisville, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer A Black
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott B Papp
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Ledezma L, Roy A, Costa L, Sekine R, Gray R, Guo Q, Nehra R, Briggs RM, Marandi A. Octave-spanning tunable infrared parametric oscillators in nanophotonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9711. [PMID: 37494442 PMCID: PMC10371009 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Widely tunable coherent sources are desirable in nanophotonics for a multitude of applications ranging from communications to sensing. The mid-infrared spectral region (wavelengths beyond 2 μm) is particularly important for applications relying on molecular spectroscopy. Among tunable sources, optical parametric oscillators typically offer some of the broadest tuning ranges; however, their implementations in nanophotonics have been limited to narrow tuning ranges in the infrared or to visible wavelengths. Here, we surpass these limits in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics and demonstrate ultrawidely tunable optical parametric oscillators. Using 100 ns pulses near 1 μm, we generate output wavelengths tunable from 1.53 μm to 3.25 μm in a single chip with output powers as high as tens of milliwatts. Our results represent the first octave-spanning tunable source in nanophotonics extending into the mid-infrared, which can be useful for numerous integrated photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ledezma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Arkadev Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Luis Costa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryoto Sekine
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert Gray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qiushi Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rajveer Nehra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ryan M Briggs
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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