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Wu N, Liu Y, Xing Z, Wang S, Zhang C. One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterojunction Comprising Carbon Nanotube Half-Wrapped in Boron Nitride Nanotube: Deep Investigation of Thermal Rectification. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6892-6906. [PMID: 38956953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures are celebrated for their exceptional thermal management capabilities, garnering significant research interest. Consequently, our research focused on the one-dimensional vdWs heterojunction comprising carbon nanotube half-wrapped in boron nitride nanotube (BNCNT), specifically their thermal rectification (TR) properties. We employed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to explore the TR mechanism and assess the impacts of temperature, strain, and coupling strength on heat flux and TR ratio. Our findings reveal that the backward heat flux demonstrates greater atomic vibration instability, as indicated by mean square displacement (MSD), compared to forward heat flux. This instability leads to a higher concentration of localized phonons, thereby diminishing the backward heat flux and enhancing TR. Additionally, we utilized MSD to shed light on the negative differential thermal resistance phenomenon and the influence of stress on forward and backward heat fluxes. Remarkably, TR ratios reached 344% at 3% strain and 400% at -1% strain. Calculations of phonon density of states revealed a competitive mechanism between in-plane and out-of-plane phonons coupling in the inner carbon nanotube and an overlap degree of out-of-plane phonon spectra between the inner carbon nanotube and outer boron nitride nanotube. This accounts for the differing trends in forward and backward heat fluxes as coupling strength χ increases, with TR ratios exceeding 1000% at χ = 7.5. This study provides vital insights for advancing one-dimensional vdWs thermal rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
| | - Zhibo Xing
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, China
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Li J, Wang JJ, Segal D. Thermal transport in fullerene-based molecular junctions: molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:325901. [PMID: 38688291 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad459b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigate phonon thermal transport of fullerene-based single-molecule junctions by employing classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We compute the thermal conductances of C60fullerene monomers, dimers, and trimers utilizing three distinct MD methods. We observe the equilibration dynamics in one approach, and employ two other nonequilibrium steady state simulation methods. We discuss technical aspects of each simulation technique, and show that their predictions for the thermal conductance agree. Our simulations reveal that while the thermal conductance of fullerene monomer and dimer junctions remains similar, that of trimer junctions experiences a significant reduction. This study could assist in the design of high-performing thermoelectric junctions, where low thermal conductance is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Li
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, 42 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Wang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Wang JJ, Gerry M, Segal D. Challenges in molecular dynamics simulations of heat exchange statistics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074111. [PMID: 38380748 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We study heat exchange in temperature-biased metal-molecule-metal molecular junctions by employing the molecular dynamics simulator LAMMPS. Generating the nonequilibrium steady state with Langevin thermostats at the boundaries of the junction, we show that the average heat current across a gold-alkanedithiol-gold nanojunction behaves physically, with the thermal conductance value matching the literature. In contrast, the full probability distribution function for heat exchange, as generated by the simulator, violates the fundamental fluctuation symmetry for entropy production. We trace this failure back to the implementation of the thermostats and the expression used to calculate the heat exchange. To rectify this issue and produce the correct statistics, we introduce single-atom thermostats as an alternative to conventional many-atom thermostats. Once averaging heat exchange over the hot and cold thermostats, this approach successfully generates the correct probability distribution function, which we use to study the behavior of both the average heat current and its noise. We further examine the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in the molecular junction and show that it holds, albeit demonstrating nontrivial trends. Our study points to the need to carefully implement nonequilibrium molecular dynamics solvers in atomistic simulation software tools for future investigations of noise phenomena in thermal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Wang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Matthew Gerry
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Dvira Segal
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
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Hua R, Jiang Y, Shi L, Liang S, Zhang C, Song Y, Dong RY, Dong Y. Significant thermal rectification induced by phonon mismatch of functional groups in a single-molecule junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:135401. [PMID: 38096577 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad15c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) may bring exotic physical effects. In this work, a significant thermal rectification effect is observed in a cross-dimensional system, comprising a diamond, a single-molecule junction, and a carbon nanotube (CNT). The molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the interfacial thermal resistance varies with the direction of heat flow, the orientation of the crystal planes of the diamond, and the length of the CNT. We find that the thermal rectification ratio escalates with the length of the CNT, achieving a peak value of 730% with the CNT length of 200 nm. A detailed analysis of phonon vibrations suggests that the primary cause of thermal rectification is the mismatched vibrations between the biphenyl and carbonyl groups. This discovery may offer theoretical insights for both the experimental exploration and practical application of SMJs in efficient thermal management strategy for high power and highly integrated chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hua
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlei Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Hangzhou Zhongneng Photoeletricity Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Ruo-Yu Dong
- School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
- Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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Dmitriev SV, Kuzkin VA, Krivtsov AM. Nonequilibrium thermal rectification at the junction of harmonic chains. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054221. [PMID: 38115418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A thermal diode or rectifier is a system that transmits heat or energy in one direction better than in the opposite direction. We investigate the influence of the distribution of energy among wave numbers on the diode effect for the junction of two dissimilar harmonic chains. An analytical expression for the diode coefficient, characterizing the difference between heat fluxes through the junction in two directions, is derived. It is shown that the diode coefficient depends on the distribution of energy among wave numbers. For an equilibrium energy distribution, the diode effect is absent, while for non-equilibrium energy distributions the diode effect is observed even though the system is harmonic. We show that the diode effect can be maximized by varying the energy distribution and relative position of spectra of the two harmonic chains. Conditions are formulated under which the system acts as an ideal thermal rectifier, i.e., transmits heat only in one direction. The results obtained are important for understanding the heat transfer in heterogeneous low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Dmitriev
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa 450062, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Kuzkin
- Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Anton M Krivtsov
- Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, Saint Petersburg 199178, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
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Chen R, Dinpajooh M, Nitzan A. Quantum bath augmented stochastic nonequilibrium atomistic simulations for molecular heat conduction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134110. [PMID: 37800644 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) has been shown to be effective in simulating heat conduction in certain molecular junctions since it inherently takes into account some essential methodological components which are lacking in the quantum Landauer-type transport model, such as many-body full force-field interactions, anharmonicity effects and nonlinear responses for large temperature biases. However, the classical MD reaches its limit in the environments where the quantum effects are significant (e.g. with low-temperatures substrates, presence of extremely high frequency molecular modes). Here, we present an atomistic simulation methodology for molecular heat conduction that incorporates the quantum Bose-Einstein statistics into an "effective temperature" in the form of a modified Langevin equation. We show that the results from such a quasi-classical effective temperature MD method deviates drastically when the baths temperature approaches zero from classical MD simulations and the results converge to the classical ones when the bath approaches the high-temperature limit, which makes the method suitable for full temperature range. In addition, we show that our quasi-classical thermal transport method can be used to model the conducting substrate layout and molecular composition (e.g. anharmonicities, high-frequency modes). Anharmonic models are explicitly simulated via the Morse potential and compared to pure harmonic interactions to show the effects of anharmonicities under quantum colored bath setups. Finally, the chain length dependence of heat conduction is examined for one-dimensional polymer chains placed in between quantum augmented baths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Mohammadhasan Dinpajooh
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Wang JJ, Gong J, McGaughey AJH, Segal D. Erratum: "Simulations of heat transport in single-molecule junctions: Investigations of the thermal diode effect" [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 174105 (2022)]. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:119901. [PMID: 37712798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Wang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Alan J H McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Dvira Segal
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
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