1
|
Pang L, Zhao Z, Liu T, Wang G, Dong S, Peng Z. Unlock CO 2 Reduction Reaction Pathways in Aprotic Li-CO 2 Batteries with In Situ Isotope-Labeled Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17917-17923. [PMID: 38885126 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) pathway significantly dictates the reversibility and overpotential of aprotic Li-CO2 batteries; however, it has remained incompletely understood due to the lack of direct in situ spectroscopic evidence. Herein, the Li-CO2RR pathways at the model Au | dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface are interrogated using a combination of in situ isotope-labeled spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations. This obtained direct spectroscopic evidence presents that the primary CO2RR proceeds through the CO2-to-CO pathway (i.e., 2Li+ + 2CO2 + 2e- → CO + Li2CO3) initiated at a low overpotential (ca. 2.1 V vs Li/Li+), and the CO2-to-Li2C2O4 pathway (i.e., 2Li+ + 2CO2 + 2e- → Li2C2O4) initiated at a high overpotential (ca. 1.7 V vs Li/Li+), where the potential-dependent pathways critically depend on the coverage of LiCO2 intermediates. Simultaneously, the entire Li-CO2RR process is also accompanied by parasitic reactions to form gaseous C2H4 with COOH* as the crucial intermediate, which is induced by the H+-abstraction reaction between the reactive LiCO2 intermediate and the DMSO solvent. These fundamental insights enable us to establish a molecular picture for Li-CO2RR pathways in aprotic media and will serve as a crucial guideline for reversible Li-CO2 electrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tianfu Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao K, Jiang X, Wu X, Feng H, Wang X, Wan Y, Wang Z, Yan N. Recent development and applications of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry in emerging energy conversion and storage solutions. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6917-6959. [PMID: 38836324 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion and storage are playing an increasingly important role in shaping the sustainable future. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) offers an operando and cost-effective tool to monitor the evolution of gaseous/volatile intermediates and products during these processes. It can deliver potential-, time-, mass- and space-resolved signals which facilitate the understanding of reaction kinetics. In this review, we show the latest developments and applications of DEMS in various energy-related electrochemical reactions from three distinct perspectives. (I) What is DEMS addresses the working principles and key components of DEMS, highlighting the new and distinct instrumental configurations for different applications. (II) How to use DEMS tackles practical matters including the electrochemical test protocols, quantification of both potential and mass signals, and error analysis. (III) Where to apply DEMS is the focus of this review, dealing with concrete examples and unique values of DEMS studies in both energy conversion applications (CO2 reduction, water electrolysis, carbon corrosion, N-related catalysis, electrosynthesis, fuel cells, photo-electrocatalysis and beyond) and energy storage applications (Li-ion batteries and beyond, metal-air batteries, supercapacitors and flow batteries). The recent development of DEMS-hyphenated techniques and the outlook of the DEMS technique are discussed at the end. As DEMS celebrates its 40th anniversary in 2024, we hope this review can offer electrochemistry researchers a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments of DEMS and will inspire them to tackle emerging scientific questions using DEMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haozhou Feng
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiude Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yuyan Wan
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siddiqui AR, N’Diaye J, Martin K, Baby A, Dawlaty J, Augustyn V, Rodríguez-López J. Monitoring SEIRAS on a Graphitic Electrode for Surface-Sensitive Electrochemistry: Real-Time Electrografting. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2435-2444. [PMID: 38294875 PMCID: PMC10868585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of graphitic materials in electrochemistry makes it highly desirable to probe their interfacial behavior under electrochemical control. Probing the dynamics of molecules at the electrode/electrolyte interface is possible through spectroelectrochemical approaches involving surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Usually, this technique can only be done on plasmonic metals such as gold or carbon nanoribbons, but a more convenient substrate for carbon electrochemical studies is needed. Here, we expanded the scope of SEIRAS by introducing a robust hybrid graphene-on-gold substrate, where we monitored electrografting processes occurring at the graphene/electrolyte interface. These electrodes consist of graphene deposited onto a roughened gold-sputtered internal reflection element (IRE) for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) SEIRAS. The capabilities of the graphene-gold IRE were demonstrated by successfully monitoring the electrografting of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO) and 4-nitrobenzene diazonium (4-NBD) in real time. These grafts were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and ATR-SEIRAS, clearly showing the 1520 and 1350 cm-1 NO2 stretches for 4-NBD and the 1240 cm-1 C-C, C-C-H, and N-Ȯ stretch for 4-amino-TEMPO. Successful grafts on graphene did not show the SEIRAS effect, while grafting on gold was not stable for TEMPO and had poorer resolution than on graphene-gold for 4-NBD, highlighting the uniqueness of our approach. The graphene-gold IRE is proficient at resolving the spectral responses of redox transformations, unambiguously demonstrating the real-time detection of surface processes on a graphitic electrode. This work provides ample future directions for real-time spectroelectrochemical investigations of carbon electrodes used for sensing, energy storage, electrocatalysis, and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur-Rahman Siddiqui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeanne N’Diaye
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kristin Martin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aravind Baby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jahan Dawlaty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Veronica Augustyn
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- The
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|