How to Use YouTube for Radiology Education

Neurological Examination: An Evaluation of Video-Based Learning

Objective This study aimed to systematically review and assess educational YouTube videos on neurological examination. Methods YouTube was screened for educational videos on neurological examination. A scoring system (involving five major and six minor criteria) was used to assess videos. Educationally useful videos were defined as those satisfying all major criteria and at least three minor criteria; 2 points were allocated for each major criterion and 1 point for each minor criterion, thereby using a score of 13 as a threshold. Results A total of 500 videos were screened, and 128 videos were included in the final selection procedure. Only 55 videos were deemed as educationally useful; 13 of these videos focused on the general neurological examination, 10 on cranial nerves, 11 on the upper limb, five on the lower limb, three on reflexes, one on upper and lower limbs, one on gait, and 11 were in the form of lectures. Six (46.15%) of the educationally useful videos about general neurological exams, including the top three videos, were created by academic institutions, and three (23.07%) were book-related. Educationally useful videos were not the most viewed videos. None of the analyzed videos included the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system in the physical examination routine. Conclusions YouTube is an increasingly common source of educational videos for medical students. However, videos found on YouTube are not peer-reviewed and may be inaccurate, and the preponderance of videos available on the platform makes it difficult for students and educators to find good educational material. We provide a list of URLs of educationally useful videos for students and educators in neurology and offer suggestions for the creation of high-quality educational videos.

Social networks in radiology: Toward a new paradigm in medical education?

The universally accepted system for the transmission of scientific knowledge in the field of medicine has long been grounded in scientific publications. Social networks can be a useful alternative or complementary method of transmitting this knowledge. Social networks (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, and TikTok) generate educational contents that enable quality training, despite their informality. Each of these networks has strengths and weaknesses that users should know about. These platforms are free and allow for real-time discussion. They make it easy to incorporate content and to contact experts or access sources of knowledge directly. Aware of their influence, publishers have incorporated metrics to measure the impact of their articles in social networks (Altmetrics). These networks should be incorporated into departmental training programs immediately. Nevertheless, navigating through social networks is complex, and the hashtag-based system of searching is inefficient, limiting their use in education. Despite the informality of the knowledge generated on social networks, the importance of these networks as a source of knowledge is growing. Radiology departments must design a strategy for using social networks for education rather than for propaganda, creating well-organized focal groups that search for contents through systematic, filtered review of information, digital repositories, and review sessions and for sharing this knowledge both inside and outside the department. Departments must also implement a strategy for communicating through these networks.

Digital learning: The reach of podcasts and YouTube on trauma surgery education

BACKGROUND

Physicians, medical students, and health care professionals are charged with staying current throughout their training. No studies have examined the scope of trauma surgery-related podcasts and videos. Our goal was to characterize and evaluate the growing number of trauma-related podcasts and YouTube channels.

METHODS

We conducted a search across 3 podcasting platforms (Google Podcasts, Apple Podcasts, and Spotify) and 1 video-sharing site (YouTube) for podcasts published up to November 11, 2022. We queued platforms for "Trauma" and "Trauma Surgery." We included podcasts or video channels in English that focused on trauma surgery or trauma survivorship and recovery. Descriptive analyses were used to determine the characteristics of podcasts and YouTube channels, reported as counts.

RESULTS

We identified 91 podcasts and 103 YouTube channels dedicated to trauma recovery and/or trauma surgery. The longest running podcast was the "TraumaCast," and the oldest YouTube channel was "TraumaPro." The podcast with the most episodes was "Trauma Therapist," and the YouTube channel with the most episodes was the Arizona Trauma Association. Podcasts were aimed at public audiences, whereas YouTube channels focused on providers. A large proportion of content is not created by licensed professionals.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that popular trauma-focused podcasts target the general population, not health care professionals. The content creators behind these digital platforms seek to educate the public on the recovery process after traumatic injury. We must better understand the advantages and pitfalls of these ubiquitous resources.

YouTube as a source of information on sacroiliac joint injection: A reliability and quality analysis

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injection is recommended for both diagnosis and relief of SIJ pain. YouTube has become a widely used source for health professionals and patients to obtain information about various procedures but the quality of YouTube videos including medical content is questionable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of SIJ injection videos on YouTube. This cross-sectional study was conducted through March 2022 by searching the phrase "sacroiliac joint injection" on YouTube. After resetting search history top 100 videos were screened. Duration of videos, number of views, number of likes, number of comments, view ratio (number of views/d), time passed since upload date, guide used for injection, and source of videos were recorded. The DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale were used to assess the quality and reliability of the videos. Of the 100 videos screened 42 videos met the inclusion criteria. The videos (73.8%) were predominantly uploaded by physicians. Most frequently used guide for injections was ultrasound with 45.4%. According to the DISCERN classification, 35.7% of the videos were "very poor," 30.9% were "poor," 21.4% were "fair," 7.1% were "good" and 4.7% were "excellent." Physicians and patients should be aware of that many of the videos about SIJ injections are categorized as "poor" or "very poor," which means they may mislead trainees, resulting in inadequate treatments.

The growing role of social media for research and education in radiology

While the adoption of social media platforms has become commonplace for personal life use, its practice has tremendously grown for professional usage in medicine, and particularly in the field of radiology. The use of alternative metrics, or altmetrics, scores have developed in an effort to quantify the impact of research beyond traditional metrics, such as citation rate and journal impact factor, particularly to recognize the impact of social media on dissemination and promotion of research. Social media usage in the realm of radiology has expectedly been adopted for the purposes of medical education, research, networking, and advocacy. However, some platforms have been used as a medium to discuss and share the day-to-day nature in the field of radiology, burnout in radiology, as well as radiology-themed humor. The purpose of this review article was discuss the role of altmetrics, as well as the specific uses of social media platforms including Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, and more. The role of ethics in social media practice related to radiology are discussed.

A Gamified Social Media-Based Head and Neck Radiology Education Initiative of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology: Viewership and Engagement Trends at 3 Years

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Social media has made inroads in medical education. We report the creation and 3-year (2018-2021) longitudinal assessment of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology Case of the Week (#ASHNRCOTW), assessing viewership, engagement, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on this Twitter-based education initiative.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Unknown cases were tweeted from the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology account weekly. Tweet impressions (number of times seen), engagements (number of interactions), and new followers were tabulated. A social media marketing platform identified worldwide distribution of Twitter followers. Summary and t test statistics were performed.

RESULTS

#ASHNRCOTW was highly visible with 2,082,280 impressions and 203,137 engagements. There were significantly greater mean case impressions (9917 versus 6346), mean case engagements (1305 versus 474), case engagement rates (13.06% versus 7.76%), mean answer impressions (8760 versus 5556), mean answer engagements (908 versus 436), answer engagement rates (10.38% versus 7.87%), mean total (case + answer) impressions (18,677 versus 11,912), mean total engagements (2214 versus 910), and total engagement rates (11.79% versus 7.69%) for cases published after the pandemic started (all P values < .001). There was a significant increase in monthly new followers after starting #ASHNRCOTW (mean, 134 versus 6; P < .001) and significantly increased monthly new followers after the pandemic started compared with prepandemic (mean, 178 versus 101; P = .003). The American Society of Head and Neck Radiology has 7564 Twitter followers throughout 130 countries (66% outside the United States).

CONCLUSIONS

Social media affords substantial visibility, engagement, and global outreach for radiology education. #ASHNRCOTW viewership and engagement increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Radiology: Artificial Intelligence Trainee Editorial Board: Initial Experience and Future Directions

In 2019, the journal Radiology: Artificial Intelligence introduced its Trainee Editorial Board (TEB) to offer formal training in medical journalism to medical students, radiology residents and fellows, and research-career trainees. The TEB aims to build a community of radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and researchers in fields related to artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology. The program presented opportunities to learn about the editorial process, improve skills in writing and reviewing, advance the field of AI in radiology, and help translate and disseminate AI research. To meet these goals, TEB members contribute actively to the editorial process from peer review to publication, participate in educational webinars, and create and curate content in a variety of forms. Almost all of the contact has been mediated through the web. In this article, we share initial experiences and identify future directions and opportunities.

Formación online en Radiología en tiempos de COVID

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha alterado de forma significativa la metodología que tradicionalmente se ha empleado para la enseñanza de la Radiología en pregrado, posgrado y formación continuada. La necesidad de continuar con la formación en Radiología bajo una situación de distanciamiento físico ha provocado el uso masivo de metodología online y aquí es donde Internet se ha constituido en una solución para mitigar el problema. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una serie de recursos útiles de acceso gratuito que comparten la filosofía #FOAMRad para la formación online en Radiología en estos tiempos de COVID.

Content Analysis of YouTube Videos on Radiographic Anatomy on Dental Panoramic Images

The radiographic anatomy on dental panoramic images is essential knowledge for proper diagnosis and treatment planning purposes. No prior study has examined the content of YouTube videos with regard to radiographic anatomy on panoramic radiography. The objective of this study was to provide a content analysis on these videos. The initial search string was: (panoramic anatomy). An additional search was performed with the search string: (OPG landmarks). By screening the resultant videos and their related videos (recommended by YouTube as a list on the right of the screen), a total of 62 videos were screened. Videos were excluded if they were irrelevant (e.g., focusing on radiographic errors without covering the anatomy), elaborating mainly with drawings without showing the landmarks on panoramic images, duplicate videos, and non-English speaking. Finally, 38 videos were included and analyzed. Most of them showed clear panoramic images and had clear tracing or delineation of the anatomical landmarks. On average, each video described 26 landmarks, including 12.3 from the midfacial region, 8.2 from the mandible, and 5.2 from soft tissue/air space/others. The videos were of good quality in general, with some frequent shortcomings being lack of visual aid with skull and schematic diagrams, and lack of discussion on clinical relevance. The maxillary sinus was the structure mostly involved in wrong information, particularly the wrong delineation of its posterior wall.

Reducing the neurotrauma burden in India- a national mobilization

India has one of the highest TBI burdens due to RTA, with 60% of head injuries being attributable to RTA and more than 150000 lives being lost annually due to TBI. These numbers have prompted institutions and organizations at international, national and local levels to mobilize and address this burden through prevention, pre-hospital care and in hospital care. Academic institutions such as the AMC have run local campaigns promoting the wearing of helmets when riding two-wheelers. Prehospital care institutions such as GVK-EMRI have also made large strides nationally on delivering safe and timely care through novel and focused education to its EMTs, applying evidence-based practice to all facets of its work. These led to implementation of novel and innovative technological solutions faster and more efficient responses. National institutions such as the NSI and NTSI have been instrumental in promoting safety measures such as helmets and use of seat belts through social media videos, often using celebrities to disseminate the message. NSI have also focused on sharing best practices for the management of TBI through easy-to-use platforms such as YouTube. Institutions such as AAPI, NSI and NTSI have collaboratively developed TBI management guidelines that are specific to the Indian population (supported by AASAN). NGOs such as the IHIF and SLF have contributed to this movement by promoting awareness through campaigns and public education. While TBI remains a large burden in India, a mobilization, and coalesced efforts of such a scale holds promise tackling this burden.

Role of social and non-social online media: how to properly leverage your internet presence for professional development and research

The internet has become an integral component of daily life, with its content broadly grouped into social media and non-social online content. The use of social media, comprising interactive information sharing and networking tools, has proliferated in radiology, with as many as 85% of radiologists utilizing social media and adoption by both private and academic practices. In radiology, social media has been used to increase patient and public awareness of the specialty, establish a professional brand, share scholarly activity, aid in professional development and recruitment, improve communication, and increase engagement during scientific meetings. Organizations like the Society of Abdominal Radiology have increased the visibility of abdominal and pelvic radiology through their activity on social media; however, individual radiologists are integral to this function as well. In this article, we outline a stepwise approach to the individual use of social media, with practical tips for radiologists interested in effectively engaging the plethora of social media and non-social online content available. We also briefly discuss an approach to performing research using publicly available online media.