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Inuzuka R, Nii M, Inai K, Shimada E, Shinohara T, Kogiso T, Ono H, Otsuki SI, Kurita Y, Takeda A, Hirono K, Takei K, Yasukohchi S, Yoshikawa T, Furutani Y, Shinozaki T, Matsuyama Y, Senzaki H, Tokushige K, Nakanishi T. Predictors of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma among perioperative survivors of the Fontan operation. Heart 2023; 109:276-282. [PMID: 35768191 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-320940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is widely recognised as a common complication in patients long after the Fontan operation. However, data on the predictors of FALD that can guide its screening and management are lacking. The present study aimed to identify the predictors of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in post-Fontan patients. METHODS This was a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of all perioperative survivors of Fontan operation before 2011 who underwent postoperative catheterisation were collected through a retrospective chart review. RESULTS A total of 1117 patients (538 women, 48.2%) underwent their first Fontan operation at a median age of 3.4 years. Postoperative cardiac catheterisation was conducted at a median of 1.0 year. During a median follow-up period of 10.3 years, 67 patients (6.0%) died; 181 (16.2%) were diagnosed with liver fibrosis, 67 (6.0%) with LC, 54 (4.8%) with focal nodular hyperplasia and 7 (0.6%) with HCC. On multivariable analysis, high central venous pressure (CVP) (HR, 1.28 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.63) per 3 mm Hg; p=0.042) and severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (HR, 6.02 (95% CI 1.53 to 23.77); p=0.010) at the postoperative catheterisation were identified as independent predictors of LC/HCC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with high CVP and/or severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation approximately 1 year after the Fontan operation are at increased risk of developing advanced liver disease in the long term. Whether therapeutic interventions to reduce CVP and atrioventricular valve regurgitation decrease the incidence of advanced liver disease requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nii
- Pediatric Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Inai
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Shimada
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuko Shinohara
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kogiso
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ono
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsuhito Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kota Takei
- Pediatric Cardiology, Nagano Children's Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Furutani
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Senzaki
- Comprehensive Support Center for Children's Happy Life and Future, Nihon Institute of Medical Science University, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan .,Sakakibara Heart Institute Clinic, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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Fernandes JMG, de Oliveira Romão B, Rivera IR, Mendonça MA, Costa FDA, Lira Handro MDS, Campos O, De Paola ÂAV, Moisés VA. Clinical value of myocardial performance index in patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2019; 17:17. [PMID: 31409406 PMCID: PMC6693095 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-019-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) has been considered as a diagnostic and prognostic Doppler marker for many different clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of traditional Pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD-MPI) and Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI-MPI) and the degree of agreement between these methods in patients with grade-I diastolic dysfunction (DDI) and a normal ejection fraction. METHODS Forty-seven consecutive ambulatory patients with DDI were compared to 51 healthy subjects with normal echocardiograms. All subjects underwent measurement of time intervals and MPI with PWD and pulsed TDI. RESULTS TDI-MPI and PWD-MPI were significantly higher in patients with DDI than in control subjects: 0.49 ± 0.14 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09 (P < 0.001) and 0.45 ± 0.11 vs. 0.37 ± 0.08 (P < 0.001), respectively. Cutoff values of TDI-MPI > 0.42 and PWD-MPI > 0.40 identified DDI subjects, with sensitivities of 74 and 64%; specificities of 61 and 69%; positive likelihood ratios of 1.9 and 2.0; and negative likelihood ratios of 0.42 and 0.53, respectively; no significant difference was noted between the areas under the ROC curves of TDI-MPI and PWD-MPI (P = 0.77). Bland-Altman plots showed wide limits of agreement between these indices: - 0.17 to 0.23 in healthy subjects and - 0.24 to 0.32 in DDI patients. CONCLUSION PWD-MPI and TDI-MPI showed poor clinical agreement and were not reliable parameters for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maria Gonçalves Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Av Lourival Melo Mota, sn, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Benício de Oliveira Romão
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Av Lourival Melo Mota, sn, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Ivan Romero Rivera
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Av Lourival Melo Mota, sn, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Alayde Mendonça
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Av Lourival Melo Mota, sn, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil
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Inuzuka R, Kuwata S, Kurishima C, Liang F, Sughimoto K, Senzaki H. Influence of Cardiac Function and Loading Conditions on the Myocardial Performance Index - Theoretical Analysis Based on a Mathematical Model. Circ J 2015; 80:148-56. [PMID: 26558878 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myocardial performance index (MPI) has emerged as a Doppler-derived index for global ventricular function capable of estimating combined systolic and diastolic performance. While several studies have reported its load-dependency, responses of the MPI to various hemodynamic changes have not been fully characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS The response characteristics of the MPI were examined and compared with ejection fractions (EF) by changing hemodynamic parameters within the physiological range in a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system. At baseline, the MPI was 0.42 and the EF was 0.68. Heart rate increase resulted in a decrease in EF and an increase in the MPI. Reduction in end-systolic elastance decreased EF and increased the MPI. Volume overload and ventricular stiffening did not affect EF but paradoxically reduced the MPI. Increased afterload due to higher systemic resistance resulted in a decrease in EF and increase in the MPI, but afterload increase caused by reduced arterial compliance led to a decrease in both EF and MPI. These MPI characteristics caused paradoxical improvement of the MPI during disease progression of chronic heart failure in a simulation of mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS The MPI is affected by a wider variety of hemodynamic parameters than EF. In addition, it is predicted to decrease paradoxically with volume overload, reduction in arterial compliance, or ventricular diastolic stiffening. These MPI characteristics should be considered when assessing cardiovascular dynamics using this index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo
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Sattarzadeh R, Tavoosi A, Tajik P. Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with mitral valve stenosis. Cardiovasc J Afr 2014; 25:34-9. [PMID: 24626519 PMCID: PMC3959187 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2013-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) among patients with mitral valve disease may help to explain their symptoms. However, conventional Doppler measurements have limitations in predicting LVEDP in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to construct a Doppler-derived LVEDP prediction model based on the combined analysis of transmitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity curves. Methods Thirty-three patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis (MS) who had indications for left heart catheterisation enrolled. Two-dimensional, M-mode, colour Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging indices, such as annular early diastolic velocity (Ea), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), pulmonary vein systolic and diastolic flow velocities, velocity propagation, left atrium area (LAA), interval between the onset of mitral E and annular Ea (TE–Ea), and Tei index were obtained. LVEDP was measured in all patients during left cardiac catheterisation. Linear correlation and multiple linear regressions were used for analysis. Results The mean of LVEDP was 9.9 ± 5.3 mmHg. In univariate analysis, the only significant relationship was noted with LAA (p = 0.05, R2 = 0.11). However, in multivariate regression, LAA, Tei index and Ea remained in the model to predict LVEDP (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.26). For prediction of LVEDP ≥ 15 mmHg, the best model consisted of LAA, IVRT and Ea, and had a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 85%. Conclusion Our results provided evidence that, in patients with moderate to severe MS, LVEDP can be estimated by combining Doppler echocardiographic variables of mitral flow. However, more studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Sattarzadeh
- Cardiology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Tavoosi
- Cardiology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Tajik
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Erden I, Erden EC, Ozhan H, Basar C, Yildirim M, Yalçin S, Aydin LY, Dumlu T. Echocardiographic manifestations of pandemic 2009 (H1N1) influenza a virus infection. J Infect 2010; 61:60-5. [PMID: 20430056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SUMMARY AIM: The prevalence of myocardial involvement in influenza infection ranges from 0% to 12% depending on the diagnostic criteria used to define myocarditis. Whether such an association holds for the novel influenza A strain, pandemic-2009-H1N1, remains unknown. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A (pH1N1) by using standard echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). METHODS Twenty-eight young patients who had been hospitalized for at least 24 h due to an influenza-like illness and tested positive for pH1N1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. All patients underwent echocardiographic studies during the first 72 h of admission. Echocardiographic studies of thirty gender and age matched control subjects were performed and the results were compared. RESULTS Heart rate was significantly higher in patients infected with pH1N1 virus. Other clinical variables were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Echocardiographic variables were also similar except left ventricular end-systolic dimension, which was significantly increased in the patient group (P = 0.042). Left ventricular tissue Doppler assessment at mitral annulus showed that mean systolic velocities of pH1N1 infected patients and control group were statistically similar. However, early diastolic velocity was decreased and late diastolic velocity was increased in the patient group. Therefore early diastolic/late diastolic velocity ratio was significantly decreased in pH1N1 infected patients. Also, isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time were prolonged and ejection time was significantly shortened in pH1N1 infected patients. As a result, global myocardial performance index was significantly higher in pH1N1 infected patients (p < 0.001). Right ventricular tissue Doppler assessment at tricuspid annulus showed similar results with the left ventricular measurements. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest an association between hospitalized pH1N1 and subclinical cardiac dysfunction as measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Erden
- Duzce University Düzce Medical School Department of Cardiology, Konuralp, Düzce, Turkey.
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Mansouri V, Lavine SJ. Effect of External Constraint on the Index of Myocardial Performance in a Canine Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Echocardiography 2007; 24:712-22. [PMID: 17651100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, it is not clear how alterations in external constraint influence the index of myocardial performance (IMP). We have previously demonstrated that pericardial constraint is a factor in the production of the restrictive filling pattern. We hypothesized that altering pericardial constraint by changing intracardiac volume or removing the pericardium would produce similar directional changes in LV ejection time (LVET) and isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) resulting in minimal IMP changes. METHODS We studied 13 canines with chronic moderate LV dysfunction. LV pressures, transmitral and transaortic Doppler were obtained prior to and following pericardiectomy (PECT) with alterations of intracardiac volume, using inferior vena caval occlusion (IVCO) and volume loading. RESULTS With an intact pericardium, IVCO reduced LV size, LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and increased deceleration time (all P < 0.05) but did not affect IMP. Volume loading increased LV size, LVEDP, and shortened deceleration time (all P < 0.05). LVET and IRT lengthened (P < 0.05), and IMP declined (0.58 +/- 0.24 to 0.52 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05). Following PECT, IVCO reduced LV volumes and LVEDP (P < 0.05), but did not change IMP. Volume loading increased LV size, stroke volume, and LVEDP (all P < 0.05). IMP declined (0.57 +/- 0.13 vs 0.51 +/- 0.14, P < 0.05) due to an increase in both LVET and IRT (P < 0.05). Comparison of stages prior to and following PECT revealed an increased LVET and stroke volume (P < 0.05) but a similar IMP. CONCLUSION Increases in intracardiac volume associated with elevated LVEDP resulted in reduced IMPs. Pericardiectomy increases LV volumes, stroke volume, and LVET but did not influence IMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Mansouri
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
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Usefulness of Left Atrial Volume for the Differentiation of Normal from Pseudonormal Diastolic Function Pattern in Patients on Hemodialysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20:359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nørager B, Husic M, Møller JE, Bo Hansen A, Pellikka PA, Egstrup K. Changes in the Doppler myocardial performance index during dobutamine echocardiography: association with neurohormonal activation and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2005; 92:1071-6. [PMID: 16387817 PMCID: PMC1861079 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.066225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether an increase in Doppler myocardial performance index (MPI) during dobutamine stress echocardiography, reflecting deterioration of overall left ventricular function, is associated with increased N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) concentration and provides prognostic information beyond conventional systolic wall motion analysis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN Prospective, observational study. METHODS Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography (DASE) and NT-pro-BNP were assessed five days after AMI in 109 consecutive patients. MPI was measured at rest and at low-dose (10 microg/kg/min) and peak dobutamine infusion (<or= 40 microg/kg/min with or without atropine). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES End point was a composite of cardiac death or readmission for heart failure or reinfarction. RESULTS In 35 patients (32%), MPI increased at low-dose DASE. This was associated with higher NT-pro-BNP concentrations (beta = 0.30, p = 0.004). During a mean follow up of 27 (SD 7) months, 8 patients died of cardiac causes and 15 patients were readmitted for heart failure or reinfarction. On Cox regression analysis, an increase in MPI at low-dose DASE (p = 0.02) was an independent predictor of cardiac events. In contrast, traditional wall motion analysis during DASE provided no additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS An increase in MPI at low-dose DASE, reflecting early deterioration of overall left ventricular function, is associated with raised NT-pro-BNP concentration and provides prognostic information beyond conventional stress echocardiographic data after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nørager
- Department of Medical Research, Svendborg Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark.
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Yu B, Otsuji Y, Yoshifuku S, Ikeda Y, Kamogawa Y, Yuasa T, Kuwahara E, Takasaki K, Uemura T, Nakashiki K, Miyata M, Hamasaki S, Biro S, Minagoe S, Tei C. Prediction of Prognosis in the UM-X7.1 Hamster Model of Congestive Heart Failure Using the Tei Index. Circ J 2005; 69:991-3. [PMID: 16041173 DOI: 10.1253/circj.69.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac function is difficult to evaluate in small animal models of heart disease. The Doppler Tei index is a simple and non-invasive measure that can express global cardiac function even in small animal models of congestive heart failure. However, its ability to predict prognosis has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested the hypothesis that cardiac functional indices, such as the Tei index, can predict the prognosis of hamsters with cardiac dysfunction. The Tei index, defined as the sum of the isovolume contraction and relaxation time divided by ejection time, and the percent fractional shortening of the left ventricle was measured in 48 anesthetized male hamsters (19.7+/-0.4 weeks old) with cardiac dysfunction (UM-X7.1), using Doppler and 2-dimensional echocardiography. The hamsters were separated into 2 groups based on the median Tei index (0.50) and % fractional shortening (FS) (21%). Kaplan-Meier analysis determined the survival rates of the groups. Both the Tei index and %FS enabled significant distinction of better and poorer survival (p < 0.01), and the survival curves were less overlapped when the animals were separated according to the Tei index. CONCLUSION The Tei index can predict prognosis in a small animal model of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Yuasa T, Otsuji Y, Kuwahara E, Takasaki K, Yoshifuku S, Yuge K, Kisanuki A, Toyonaga K, Lee S, Toda H, Kumanohoso T, Hamasaki S, Matsuoka T, Biro S, Minagoe S, Tei C. Noninvasive prediction of complications with anteroseptal acute myocardial infarction by left ventricular Tei index. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:20-5. [PMID: 15637484 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tei index has been proposed as a noninvasive and simple index that enables the evaluation of global left ventricular (LV) function and prediction of patient prognosis. However, its use to predict complications with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not fully investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not LV Tei index allows noninvasive prediction of complications with AMI. METHODS In all, 80 consecutive patients with anteroseptal AMI were enrolled. LV Tei index was measured at the time of admission as (a - b)/ b , where a is the interval between cessation and onset of mitral filling flow and interval b is the aortic flow ejection time. Subsequent complications including cardiac death, shock, congestive heart failure, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter, advanced atrioventricular block requiring pacing, pericardial effusion, and LV aneurysm during the 30 days after the onset of AMI were prospectively evaluated and compared with the initial Tei index at admission. RESULTS Complications developed in 31 of 80 (39%) patients with AMI. The Tei index was significantly increased for patients with complications compared with those without them (0.69 +/- 0.16 vs 0.50 +/- 0.11, P < .0001). When Tei index > or = 0.59 was used for the criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy to predict subsequent complications were 77%, 86%, and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSION In patients with anteroseptal AMI, LV Tei index at arrival to the hospital in the acute phase allows noninvasive prediction of subsequent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yuasa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Repiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City 890-8520, Japan
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Pellett AA, Tolar WG, Merwin DG, Kerut EK. The Tei Index: Methodology and Disease State Values. Echocardiography 2004; 21:669-72. [PMID: 15488100 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.04052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Pellett
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Science, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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Dandel M, Kemper D, Lehmkuhl H, Hetzer R. Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures by the Tei index. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17:709; author reply 710. [PMID: 15163952 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Otsuji Y, Tei C. Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures by the Tei index: Reply. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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