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Lobato-Berezo A, Pesqué D, Pujol RM. Isolated Patchy Heterochromia With Pili Annulati Features on Light and Electron Microscopy. Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022204. [PMID: 36534569 PMCID: PMC9681181 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Pesqué
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Gonzalez AM, Borda LJ, Tosti A. Pili Annulati with Severe Trichorrhexis Nodosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Skin Appendage Disord 2019; 5:114-116. [PMID: 30815447 DOI: 10.1159/000491910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pili annulati is generally classified as a hair shaft disorder without fragility. However, increased susceptibility to weathering is common. Severe breakage due to trichorrhexis nodosa is uncommon. We report a case and review the literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Luis J Borda
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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3
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Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Waśkiel A, Rakowska A. Trichoscopy in Hair Shaft Disorders. Dermatol Clin 2018; 36:421-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Nam CH, Park M, Choi MS, Hong SP, Kim MH, Park BC. Pili Annulati with Multiple Fragile Hairs. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:254-256. [PMID: 28392665 PMCID: PMC5383763 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Nam
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minkee Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mi Soo Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Donati A, Andriolo AC, Barletta M, Valente N, Romiti R. Pili Annulati and Trichorrhexis Nodosa in the Same Patient: Cause or Coincidence? Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:25-7. [PMID: 27171552 DOI: 10.1159/000371524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between pili annulati (PA) and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (TN) seen in the same patient, considering the two main theories evoked by previous studies: greater stiffness of darker PA bands or associated cuticular damage. PROCEDURES Light microscopy of hair shafts from different regions of the patient's scalp. RESULTS TN was not superimposed to dark bands of PA. CONCLUSIONS Greater stiffness of darker PA bands was excluded as the cause of hair breakage. Hair breakage in PA patients might be related to cuticular abnormalities, as previously reported. Because weathering of long thin chemically treated hairs is extremely common, coincidence cannot be completely ruled out in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Donati
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Barletta
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Valente
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Laniosz V, Podjasek JO, Camilleri MJ, Hand JL. Pili annulati masquerading as hypotrichosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:510-1. [PMID: 23819454 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Laniosz
- Department of Dermatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester; Minnesota
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7
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Dermatoscopy of hair shaft disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Akoglu G, Emre S, Metin A, Erbil KM, Akpolat D, Firat A, Hayran M. Pili annulati with fragility: Electron microscopic findings of a case. Int J Trichology 2012. [PMID: 23180916 PMCID: PMC3500080 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.96909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pili annulati (PA) is typically characterized by shinny beads seen along the hair shaft. PA is accepted to belong to the classification of hair shaft abnormalities without fragility. Herein, we described a 14-year-old, fair skin with dark-haired girl diagnosed as PA with fragility which was demonstrated by weathering features in electron microscopic examinations. The patient had shinny beaded, easily breakable hairs since the age of four. A few broken hairs were observed by a light pull test. Transmitted light microscopy revealed periodic dark bands in the hair shaft. These dark bands disappeared after application of 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide. Multiple cavities within hair shaft and severe cuticular damages representing the weathering pattern were observed in electron microscopic examinations. All these findings were found to be consistent with presence of fragility in PA. This case provides evidences of fragile hair structure of PA which may be due to pathological cavities within hair shafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Akoglu
- Dermatology Clinic, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Adya KA, Inamadar AC, Palit A, Shivanna R, Deshmukh NS. Light microscopy of the hair: a simple tool to "untangle" hair disorders. Int J Trichology 2011; 3:46-56. [PMID: 21769242 PMCID: PMC3129130 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.82124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Light microscopy of the hair forms an important bedside clinical tool for the diagnosis of various disorders affecting the hair. Hair abnormalities can be seen in the primary diseases affecting the hair or as a secondary involvement of hair in diseases affecting the scalp. Hair abnormalities also form a part of various genodermatoses and syndromes. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the light microscopic appearance of various infectious and non-infectious conditions affecting the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshavmurthy A Adya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun C Inamadar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparna Palit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ragunatha Shivanna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Niranjan S Deshmukh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri BM Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
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10
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Abstract
The appearance of hair plays an important role in people's overall physical appearance and self-perception. With today's increasing life expectation, the desire to look youthful plays a bigger role than ever. The hair care industry has become aware of this and also more capable to deliver active products that are directed toward meeting this consumer demand. The discovery of pharmacological targets and the development of safe and effective drugs also indicate strategies of the drug industry for maintenance of healthy and beautiful hair. Hair aging comprises weathering of the hair shaft and aging of the hair follicle. The latter manifests as decrease of melanocyte function or graying, and decrease in hair production in androgenetic and senescent alopecia. The scalp is also subject to intrinsic or physiologic aging and extrinsic aging caused by external factors. Intrinsic factors are related to individual genetic and epigenetic mechanisms with interindividual variation. Prototypes are familial premature graying and androgenetic alopecia. Extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and smoking. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in skin and hair aging. Topical anti-aging compounds for hair include humefactants, hair conditioners, photoprotectors, and antioxidants. Current available treatment modalities with proven efficacy for treatment of androgenetic alopecia are topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and autologous hair transplantation. In the absence of another way to reverse hair graying, hair colorants are the mainstays of recovering lost hair color. Topical liposome targeting for melanins, genes, and proteins selectively to hair follicles are under current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph M Trüeb
- Department of Dermatology and Hair Consultation Clinic, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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The genetics of hair shaft disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:1-22; quiz 23-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Giehl KA, Ferguson DJP, Dawber RPR, Pittelkow MR, Foehles J, de Berker DAR. Update on detection, morphology and fragility in pili annulati in three kindreds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18:654-8. [PMID: 15482289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pili annulati is an inherited hair shaft abnormality with a wide range of clinical expression. OBJECTIVE We have examined closely three kindreds to reveal levels and character of expression of the phenotype and supplement current literature on the threshold for detection and aspects of hair shaft fragility. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven cases of pili annulati from three families were included in a clinical and morphological study. All cases were assessed clinically and by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of hair shafts. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (four patients) and amino acid analysis (three patients) were undertaken on clinically overt cases. Results Examination by light microscopy with a fluid mountant was more sensitive than clinical examination, increasing the detection rate by 120%. Microscopic examination revealed that the characteristic periodic bands become less frequent distally in the hair shaft. Microscopic features of weathering were found in two cases, adding pili annulati to the list of structural hair shaft dystrophies that may weaken hair and dispose to weathering. Amino acid analysis of the hair of three patients with pili annulati showed elevated lysine and decreased cystine content compared to 12 normal controls, consistent with the reduced threshold for weathering. CONCLUSION Careful light microscopy with fluid-mounted hair is needed to detect subjects mildly affected by pili annulati. Expression of the phenotype varies widely between individuals, between hairs and within hairs of the same individual, where ageing of the hair diminishes detectable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Giehl
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Giehl KA, Ferguson DJP, Dean D, Chuang YH, Allen J, Berker DARD, Tosti A, Dawber RPR, Wojnarowska F. Alterations in the basement membrane zone in pili annulati hair follicles as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:722-7. [PMID: 15099369 DOI: 10.1111/j.0007-0963.2004.05837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pili annulati is a rare autosomal dominant inherited hair shaft abnormality in which clinical examination reveals alternating light and dark bands leading to a shiny appearance of the hair. The clinically light bands are the abnormal areas due to cavities within the cortex. The pathogenesis remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) components in pili annulati hair follicles of the scalp. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out on scalp sections of six individuals with pili annulati and six controls. Longitudinal sections of scalp tissues from four individuals with pili annulati and six normal controls were studied by immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the following BMZ components: alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, laminin 5, LH39 antigen, laminin 1, collagen IV and collagen VII. RESULTS Using TEM, pili annulati scalp specimens exhibited a reduplicated lamina densa in the region of the root bulb in comparison with the single thin electron-dense band in controls. Using immunohistochemistry, there was a wavy BMZ in pili annulati follicles with antibodies to components of the lamina lucida, lamina densa and anchoring fibrils, whereas the BMZ in control hair follicles was as a smooth linear band. The expression of the hemidesmosome-associated alpha(6)beta(4) integrin was linear in both pili annulati and control hair follicles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the genetic defect may be a mutation in proteins involved in signalling and regulation of formation and degradation of the lamina densa and sublamina densa region resulting in abnormal assembly or remodelling of the BMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Giehl
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
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