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Shamseldin HE, Shaheen R, Ewida N, Bubshait DK, Alkuraya H, Almardawi E, Howaidi A, Sabr Y, Abdalla EM, Alfaifi AY, Alghamdi JM, Alsagheir A, Alfares A, Morsy H, Hussein MH, Al-Muhaizea MA, Shagrani M, Al Sabban E, Salih MA, Meriki N, Khan R, Almugbel M, Qari A, Tulba M, Mahnashi M, Alhazmi K, Alsalamah AK, Nowilaty SR, Alhashem A, Hashem M, Abdulwahab F, Ibrahim N, Alshidi T, AlObeid E, Alenazi MM, Alzaidan H, Rahbeeni Z, Al-Owain M, Sogaty S, Seidahmed MZ, Alkuraya FS. The morbid genome of ciliopathies: an update. Genet Med 2020; 22:1051-1060. [PMID: 32055034 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ciliopathies are highly heterogeneous clinical disorders of the primary cilium. We aim to characterize a large cohort of ciliopathies phenotypically and molecularly. METHODS Detailed phenotypic and genomic analysis of patients with ciliopathies, and functional characterization of novel candidate genes. RESULTS In this study, we describe 125 families with ciliopathies and show that deleterious variants in previously reported genes, including cryptic splicing variants, account for 87% of cases. Additionally, we further support a number of previously reported candidate genes (BBIP1, MAPKBP1, PDE6D, and WDPCP), and propose nine novel candidate genes (CCDC67, CCDC96, CCDC172, CEP295, FAM166B, LRRC34, TMEM17, TTC6, and TTC23), three of which (LRRC34, TTC6, and TTC23) are supported by functional assays that we performed on available patient-derived fibroblasts. From a phenotypic perspective, we expand the phenomenon of allelism that characterizes ciliopathies by describing novel associations including WDR19-related Stargardt disease and SCLT1- and CEP164-related Bardet-Biedl syndrome. CONCLUSION In this cohort of phenotypically and molecularly characterized ciliopathies, we draw important lessons that inform the clinical management and the diagnostics of this class of disorders as well as their basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Ewida
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal K Bubshait
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Alkuraya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Almardawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Howaidi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Sabr
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam M Abdalla
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Y Alfaifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afaf Alsagheir
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfares
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Morsy
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged H Hussein
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shagrani
- Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Al Sabban
- Nephrology Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neama Meriki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubina Khan
- Depatment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisoon Almugbel
- Depatment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Qari
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Tulba
- Depatment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahnashi
- Divison of Genetics, Department of General Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazmi
- Divison of Genetics, Department of General Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar K Alsalamah
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan R Nowilaty
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Alshidi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman AlObeid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Alenazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Rahbeeni
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera Sogaty
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Galluzzi P, Hadjistilianou T, Cerase A, De Francesco S, Toti P, Venturi C. Is CT still useful in the study protocol of retinoblastoma? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1760-5. [PMID: 19617447 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intralesional calcium deposition is considered a key element for differentiating retinoblastoma from simulating lesions. Our aim was to assess whether MR imaging associated with ophthalmologic investigations (ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography) could replace CT in the detection of diagnostic intralesional calcifications in retinoblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ophthalmoscopic findings, MR images, CT scans, and histologic examination of 28 retinoblastomas from 23 consecutive children (11 males, 12 females; age range at admission, 1-35 months; mean age, 11 months; median age, 9 months) were retrospectively evaluated. Ultrasonography was performed in 18 patients with 21 retinoblastomas. MR imaging included T2-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo images, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and T1-weighted spin-echo images with and without contrast enhancement. Clinical data were integrated with MR imaging data to evaluate the utility of both approaches to discover calcifications; particularly, a correlation between intralesional signal-intensity void spots on MR imaging and hyperattenuating areas on CT scans was performed. RESULTS Ophthalmoscopy detected calcifications in 12 of 28 eyes (42.85%). Ultrasonography detected calcifications in 20 of 21 eyes (95.23%). CT showed hyperattenuating intralesional areas consistent with calcifications in 27 of 28 eyes (96.42%). MR imaging showed intralesional signal-intensity void spots in 25 of 28 eyes (89.28%). All spots detected with MR imaging matched the presence of calcifications on CT scans. Gradient-echo T2*-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images showed the highest degree of correlation with CT. When we put together ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, and MR imaging data, no calcifications detected on CT were missed, and the differential diagnosis was thorough. CONCLUSIONS A combination of clinical data and MR images may remove potentially harmful ionizing radiation from the study protocol of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Galluzzi
- Unit of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
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