1
|
Carrick FR, Pagnacco G, Azzolino SF, Hunfalvay M, Oggero E, Frizzell T, Smith CJ, Pawlowski G, Campbell NKJ, Fickling SD, Lakhani B, D'Arcy RCN. Brain Vital Signs in Elite Ice Hockey: Towards Characterizing Objective and Specific Neurophysiological Reference Values for Concussion Management. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:670563. [PMID: 34434084 PMCID: PMC8382572 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.670563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior concussion studies have shown that objective neurophysiological measures are sensitive to detecting concussive and subconcussive impairments in youth ice-hockey. These studies monitored brain vital signs at rink-side using a within-subjects design to demonstrate significant changes from pre-season baseline scans. However, practical clinical implementation must overcome inherent challenges related to any dependence on a baseline. This requires establishing the start of normative reference data sets. Methods: The current study collected specific reference data for N = 58 elite, youth, male ice-hockey players and compared these with a general reference dataset from N = 135 of males and females across the lifespan. The elite hockey players were recruited to a select training camp through CAA Hockey, a management agency for players drafted to leagues such as the National Hockey League (NHL). The statistical analysis included a test-retest comparison to establish reliability, and a multivariate analysis of covariance to evaluate differences in brain vital signs between groups with age as a covariate. Findings: Test-retest assessments for brain vital signs evoked potentials showed moderate-to-good reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.7, Intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.5) in five out of six measures. The multivariate analysis of covariance showed no overall effect for group (p = 0.105), and a significant effect of age as a covariate was observed (p < 0.001). Adjusting for the effect of age, a significant difference was observed in the measure of N100 latency (p = 0.022) between elite hockey players and the heterogeneous control group. Interpretation: The findings support the concept that normative physiological data can be used in brain vital signs evaluation in athletes, and should additionally be stratified for age, skill level, and experience. These can be combined with general norms and/or individual baseline assessments where appropriate and/or possible. The current results allow for brain vital sign evaluation independent of baseline assessment, therefore enabling objective neurophysiological evaluation of concussion management and cognitive performance optimization in ice-hockey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Carrick
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States.,MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States.,Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Pagnacco
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Sergio F Azzolino
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Hunfalvay
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Oggero
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Tory Frizzell
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Gabriela Pawlowski
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natasha K J Campbell
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaun D Fickling
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bimal Lakhani
- Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan C N D'Arcy
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Neurology Studies, HealthTech Connex, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,DM Centre for Brain Health, Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheron G, Petit G, Cheron J, Leroy A, Cebolla A, Cevallos C, Petieau M, Hoellinger T, Zarka D, Clarinval AM, Dan B. Brain Oscillations in Sport: Toward EEG Biomarkers of Performance. Front Psychol 2016; 7:246. [PMID: 26955362 PMCID: PMC4768321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain dynamics is at the basis of top performance accomplishment in sports. The search for neural biomarkers of performance remains a challenge in movement science and sport psychology. The non-invasive nature of high-density electroencephalography (EEG) recording has made it a most promising avenue for providing quantitative feedback to practitioners and coaches. Here, we review the current relevance of the main types of EEG oscillations in order to trace a perspective for future practical applications of EEG and event-related potentials (ERP) in sport. In this context, the hypotheses of unified brain rhythms and continuity between wake and sleep states should provide a functional template for EEG biomarkers in sport. The oscillations in the thalamo-cortical and hippocampal circuitry including the physiology of the place cells and the grid cells provide a frame of reference for the analysis of delta, theta, beta, alpha (incl.mu), and gamma oscillations recorded in the space field of human performance. Based on recent neuronal models facilitating the distinction between the different dynamic regimes (selective gating and binding) in these different oscillations we suggest an integrated approach articulating together the classical biomechanical factors (3D movements and EMG) and the high-density EEG and ERP signals to allow finer mathematical analysis to optimize sport performance, such as microstates, coherency/directionality analysis and neural generators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-HainautMons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Haute Ecole CondorcetCharleroi, Belgium
| | - Anita Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hoellinger
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Zarka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Clarinval
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institut, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Inkendaal Rehabilitation HospitalVlezembeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|