Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with meso-Monophosphorylated Porphyrins: Synthesis and Structure. A First Example of Dimers Formed by the Self-Assembly of meso-Porphyrinylphosphonic Acid Monoester

The synthesis and structural characterization, both in solution by means of ¹H and ³¹P NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on single crystal, of a series of gallium(III) and indium(III) meso-mono(diethoxyphosphoryl)porphyrins bearing different peripheral substituents as well as the corresponding monoesters and phosphonic acids are reported. This work describes the first example of the X-ray structure of a self-assembled dimer formed via strong binding between the oxygen atom of the phosphonate substituent and the gallium(III) cations of adjacent porphyrin molecules [Ga-O = 1.9708(13) Å].

An efficient synthesis of metal-free tetraazachlorinsviaindium complexes

An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of benzene or 1,2-naphthalene fused and phenyl substituted metal-free tetraazachlorins with yields up to 40% was developed using In ( III ) as a removable template. New substituted tribenzotetraazachlorins derivatives with tert-butyl and phenylsulfanyl groups in β and α position of fused benzene rings, correspondingly, were synthesized by novel approach and their spectral properties were investigated.

Indium(III) complexes of octaphenylporphyrazine: Effect of halide coordination on the basic properties and stability in acid media

Influence of halide ion coordination on the basic properties and stability of indium(III) octaphenylporphyrazine complexes in acid medium have been studied. Five-coordinated halide complexes [(Hal)InPAPh8] (Hal = F, Cl, Br) are stable in dichloromethane or chloroform solutions acidified with trifluoroacetic acid up to 100%. One of four meso-nitrogen atoms is protonated in 0.1 M solution; their basicity depending of the ionic character of In–Hal bond is decreased in the order F > Cl > Br . Addition of an excess of fluoride, chloride or bromide anions leads to formation of anionic cis-dihalide complexes cis [(Hal)2InPAPh8] - which undergo very facile demetalation with formation of the free-base H2PAPh8 even in a slightly acidified solutions (0.001 M of acid). Such catalytic effect of halide anions seems to be general for demetalation reactions of indium(III) complexes with tetrapyrrolic macrocycles and was also observed for the phthalocyanine complex [(Cl)InPc] . Coordination of iodide leads to reduction of porphyrazine macrocycle assisted by meso-protonation with formation of π-anionic species, which upon demetalation and subsequent deprotonation give a mixture of free-base porphyrazine H2PAPh8 and tetraazachlorin derivatives.