1
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Nair PS, Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Radical pair model for magnetic field effects on NMDA receptor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3628. [PMID: 38351304 PMCID: PMC10864372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a prominent player in brain development and functioning. Perturbations to its functioning through external stimuli like magnetic fields can potentially affect the brain in numerous ways. Various studies have shown that magnetic fields of varying strengths affect these receptors. We propose that the radical pair mechanism, a quantum mechanical process, could explain some of these field effects. Radicals of the form [Formula: see text], where R is a protein residue that can be Serine or Tyrosine, are considered for this study. The variation in the singlet fractional yield of the radical pairs, as a function of magnetic field strength, is calculated to understand how the magnetic field affects the products of the radical pair reactions. Based on the results, the radical pair mechanism is a likely candidate for explaining the magnetic field effects observed on the receptor activity. The model predicts changes in the behaviour of the system as magnetic field strength is varied and also predicts certain isotope effects. The results further suggest that similar effects on radical pairs could be a plausible explanation for various magnetic field effects within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy S Nair
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Sarimov RM, Serov DA, Gudkov SV. Hypomagnetic Conditions and Their Biological Action (Review). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1513. [PMID: 38132339 PMCID: PMC10740674 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field plays an important role in the existence of life on Earth. The study of the biological effects of (hypomagnetic conditions) HMC is an important task in magnetobiology. The fundamental importance is expanding and clarifying knowledge about the mechanisms of magnetic field interaction with living systems. The applied significance is improving the training of astronauts for long-term space expeditions. This review describes the effects of HMC on animals and plants, manifested at the cellular and organismal levels. General information is given about the probable mechanisms of HMC and geomagnetic field action on living systems. The main experimental approaches are described. We attempted to systematize quantitative data from various studies and identify general dependencies of the magnetobiology effects' value on HMC characteristics (induction, exposure duration) and the biological parameter under study. The most pronounced effects were found at the cellular level compared to the organismal level. Gene expression and protein activity appeared to be the most sensitive to HMC among the molecular cellular processes. The nervous system was found to be the most sensitive in the case of the organism level. The review may be of interest to biologists, physicians, physicists, and specialists in interdisciplinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (D.A.S.)
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3
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic isotope effects: a potential testing ground for quantum biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1338479. [PMID: 38148902 PMCID: PMC10750422 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1338479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One possible explanation for magnetosensing in biology, such as avian magnetoreception, is based on the spin dynamics of certain chemical reactions that involve radical pairs. Radical pairs have been suggested to also play a role in anesthesia, hyperactivity, neurogenesis, circadian clock rhythm, microtubule assembly, etc. It thus seems critical to probe the credibility of such models. One way to do so is through isotope effects with different nuclear spins. Here we briefly review the papers involving spin-related isotope effects in biology. We suggest studying isotope effects can be an interesting avenue for quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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4
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Sarimov RM, Serov DA, Gudkov SV. Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 38132332 PMCID: PMC10740910 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular-cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (D.A.S.)
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5
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Doktorov AB, Lukzen NN. Magnetic Field Effect in Bimolecular Rate Constant of Radical Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087555. [PMID: 37108719 PMCID: PMC10139179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of magnetic fields on chemical reactions, including biological ones, has been and still is a topical subject in the field of scientific research. Experimentally discovered and theoretically substantiated magnetic and spin effects in chemical radical reactions form the basis of research in the field of spin chemistry. In the present work, the effect of a magnetic field on the rate constant of the bimolecular spin-selective recombination of radicals in the bulk of a solution is considered theoretically for the first time, taking into account the hyperfine interaction of radical spins with their magnetic nuclei. In addition, the paramagnetic relaxation of unpaired spins of the radicals and the non-equality of their g-factors that also influence the recombination process are taken into account. It is found that the reaction rate constant can vary in magnetic field from a few to half a dozen percent, depending on the relative diffusion coefficient of radicals, which is determined by the solution viscosity. It is shown that the consideration of hyperfine interactions gives rise to the presence of resonances in the dependence of the rate constant on the magnetic field. The magnitudes of the magnetic fields of these resonances are determined by the hyperfine coupling constants and difference in the g-factors of the recombining radicals. Analytical expressions for the reaction rate constant of the bulk recombination for magnetic fields larger than hfi (hyperfine interaction) constants are obtained. In general, it is shown for the first time that accounting for hyperfine interactions of radical spins with magnetic nuclei significantly affects the dependence of the reaction rate constant of the bulk radical recombination on the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Doktorov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita N Lukzen
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Physics Faculty, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Elmoslemany AM, Ghamry HI, Awad AA, El-Kholy RI, Almami ISM, Alyamani NM, Zedan AMG. Liver tissues oxidative status, epigenetic and molecular characteristics in rats administered magnetic and microwave treated water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4406. [PMID: 36928800 PMCID: PMC10020533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and chemical changes in the natural of water may affect biological organisms. In this study, we highlight the effect of magnetized-water and microwave-water on rats' liver tissues. Three groups of albino rats were separated. The first, rats were administered tap-water. The second, rats were administered magnetized-water. The third, rats were administered microwave-water. After two months, the results revealed a significant increase in liver functioning enzymes' levels and bilirubin in rats administered microwave-water, compared to tap- and magnetic-water. In relation to oxidative stress, there was a significant increase and decrease in oxidative and antioxidant parameters respectively in liver tissues of rat's administrated microwave-water. At the molecular level, there was a significant down-regulation in Metallothionein, CYP genes in magnetic-water compared to tap-water. Rats administered microwave-water have shown a significant down-regulation in GST, Metallothionein and CYP genes' expression, however, Amylase and HDAC3 genes were significantly up-regulated, compared to the other groups. The intake of microwave-water resulted in notable histopathological changes in liver tissues. Rats administered magnetic-water showed no clear changes in their liver tissues. In summary, microwave-water induced stress and epigenetic effects compared with magnetic-water and tap-water. Also, magnetic-water produced from the higher magnetic power had no side effect on liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Elmoslemany
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, 31732, Egypt
| | - Heba I Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman A Awad
- Agricultural-Botany (Genetics) Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ragab I El-Kholy
- Agricultural-Botany (Genetics) Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibtesam S M Almami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najiah M Alyamani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M G Zedan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, 31732, Egypt.
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7
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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8
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Petrova MV, Stass DV, Lukzen NN. Radical recombination in ultrahigh magnetic fields. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Binhi VN, Rubin AB. Theoretical Concepts in Magnetobiology after 40 Years of Research. Cells 2022; 11:274. [PMID: 35053390 PMCID: PMC8773520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review contains information on the development of magnetic biology, one of the multidisciplinary areas of biophysics. The main historical facts are presented and the general observed properties of magnetobiological phenomena are listed. The unavoidable presence of nonspecific magnetobiological effects in the everyday life of a person and society is shown. Particular attention is paid to the formation of theoretical concepts in magnetobiology and the state of the art in this area of research. Some details are provided on the molecular mechanisms of the nonspecific action of a magnetic field on organisms. The prospects of magnetobiology for the near and distant future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Binhi
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei B. Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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10
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Platova NG, Lebedev VM, Spassky AV, Trukhanov KA. Cytogenetic Effects in the Root Meristem Cells of Lettuce Seedlings after Fast Neutron Irradiation (10 Gy) of Seeds and their Modification by Hypomagnetic Conditions during Germination. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Golovin YI, Golovin DY, Vlasova KY, Veselov MM, Usvaliev AD, Kabanov AV, Klyachko NL. Non-Heating Alternating Magnetic Field Nanomechanical Stimulation of Biomolecule Structures via Magnetic Nanoparticles as the Basis for Future Low-Toxic Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2255. [PMID: 34578570 PMCID: PMC8470408 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the theoretical, experimental and toxicological aspects of the prospective biomedical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) activated by a low frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field (AMF). In this approach, known as nano-magnetomechanical activation (NMMA), the MNPs are used as mediators that localize and apply force to such target biomolecular structures as enzyme molecules, transport vesicles, cell organelles, etc., without significant heating. It is shown that NMMA can become a biophysical platform for a family of therapy methods including the addressed delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents from transport nanomodules, as well as selective molecular nanoscale localized drugless nanomechanical impacts. It is characterized by low system biochemical and electromagnetic toxicity. A technique of 3D scanning of the NMMA region with the size of several mm to several cm over object internals has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I. Golovin
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Dmitry Yu. Golovin
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
| | - Ksenia Yu. Vlasova
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Maxim M. Veselov
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Azizbek D. Usvaliev
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia; (Y.I.G.); (D.Y.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.Y.V.); (M.M.V.); (A.D.U.); (A.V.K.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Absalan Y, Gholizadeh M, Choi HJ. Magnetized solvents: Characteristics and various applications. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Magnesium magnetic isotope effects in microbiology. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1853-1861. [PMID: 33611633 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two main properties of atomic nuclei-mass and nuclear magnetic moments-are origin of many biological effects. Mass-dependent isotope effects have been studied for a long time. The effect of magnetic isotopes having a magnetic moment and spin was first shown in the early twenty-first century for the magnetic isotope magnesium 25Mg on enzymatic ATP synthesis. This stimulated the search for experimental evidence and theoretical justification of magnetic nuclei influence on biological processes. This review contains the results of scientific research on the magnesium magnetic isotope effects in microbiology. Microorganisms have been found to be sensitive to the presence of nuclear magnetic moment of magnesium isotope 25Mg compared with non-magnetic 24,26Mg isotopes.
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14
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Potapova NV, Kasaikina OT, Berezin MP, Plashchina IG. Catalytic Generation of Radicals in Supramolecular Systems with Acetylcholine. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Kuzmenko NV, Shchegolev BF, Pliss MG, Tsyrlin VA. The Influence of Weak Geomagnetic Disturbances on the Rat Cardiovascular System under Natural and Shielded Geomagnetic Field Conditions. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Bogdanov VA, Sakuta GA, Stefanov VE, Surma SV, Zakharov GA, Shchegolev BF. Impact of Weakened Geomagnetic Field on Proliferative Activity and Viability of K562 and C3H10T1/2 Cells. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Binhi VN, Prato FS. Rotations of macromolecules affect nonspecific biological responses to magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13495. [PMID: 30202025 PMCID: PMC6131245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed that there are at least two initial molecular transduction mechanisms needed to explain specific and nonspecific biological effects of weak magnetic fields. For the specific effect associated with animal magnetic navigation, the radical pair mechanism is the leading hypothesis; it associates the specialised magnetic sense with the radical pairs located in the eye retina. In contrast to the magnetic sense, nonspecific effects occur through the interaction of magnetic fields with magnetic moments dispersed over the organism. However, it is unlikely that the radical pair mechanism can explain such nonspecific phenomena. In order to explain these, we further develop our physical model for the case of magnetic moments residing in rotating molecules. It is shown that, in some conditions, the precession of the magnetic moments that reside on rotating molecules can be slowed relative to the immediate biophysical structures. In terms of quantum mechanics this corresponds to the mixing of the quantum levels of magnetic moments. Hence this mechanism is called the Level Mixing Mechanism, or the LMM. The results obtained are magnetic field-dependences that are in good agreement with known experiments where biological effects arise in response to the reversal of the magnetic field vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank S Prato
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada.
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18
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Ivanova PN, Surma SV, Shchegolev BF, Chalisova NI, Zakharov GA, Nikitina EA, Nozdrachev AD. The Effects of Weak Static Magnetic Field on the Development of Organotypic Tissue Culture in Rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2018; 481:132-134. [PMID: 30171464 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496618040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of weak static magnetic field on the organotypic tissue culture of the rat cerebral cortex, liver, and spleen have been investigated. Exposure to a 200 μT static magnetic field induces tissue development, leading to the intensification of regeneration processes compared to the control explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Ivanova
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Surma
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - B F Shchegolev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Amazon National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N I Chalisova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G A Zakharov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Nikitina
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A D Nozdrachev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Chibowski E, Szcześ A. Magnetic water treatment-A review of the latest approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:54-67. [PMID: 29605749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of magnetic field (MF) effects observed during and after its action on water and aqueous solutions is still a controversial issue although the effects have been reported for at least half of century. The purpose of this paper was a brief review of the literature which deals with the magnetic force treatment effects. However, it is especially focused on the latest approaches, published mostly in the last decade which have developed our understanding of the mechanisms accompanying the field action. Generally, the changes in water structure via hydrogen bonding changes, as well as in intraclusters and between interclusters were taken into account, but the most remarkable progress was achieved in 2012 by Coey who applied the non-classical theory of nucleation mechanism of the formation of dynamically ordered liquid like oxyanion polymers (DOLLOP) to explain the magnetic field action. His criterion for the magnetic field effect to occur was experimentally verified. It was also proved that the gradient of the magnetic field is more important than the magnetic field strength itself. Some interesting approaches explaining an enhanced evaporation rate of water by MF are also discussed. More experimental results are needed for further verification of the DOLLOP theory to achieve a more profound understanding of the MF effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Chibowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szcześ
- Department of Physical Chemistry - Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Kazin VN, Guzov EA, Pliss EM, Moshareva VA, Makaryin VV, Levshin NY, Baranov AA. The effect of a constant magnetic field on components of protein structures in human blood. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Letuta UG, Letuta SN, Berdinskiy VL. The Influence of Low Magnetic Fields and Magnesium Isotopes on E. coli Bacteria. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Kasaikina OT, Potapova NV, Krugovov DA, Pisarenko LM. Catalysis of radical reactions in mixed micelles of surfactants with hydroperoxides. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158417050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Letuta UG, Berdinskiy VL, Udagawa C, Tanimoto Y. Enzymatic mechanisms of biological magnetic sensitivity. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:511-521. [PMID: 28715606 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary biological magnetoreceptors in living organisms is one of the main research problems in magnetobiology. Intracellular enzymatic reactions accompanied by electron transfer have been shown to be receptors of magnetic fields, and spin-dependent ion-radical processes can be a universal mechanism of biological magnetosensitivity. Magnetic interactions in intermediate ion-radical pairs, such as Zeeman and hyperfine (HFI) interactions, in accordance with proposed strict quantum mechanical theory, can determine magnetic-field dependencies of reactions that produce biologically important molecules needed for cell growth. Hyperfine interactions of electrons with nuclear magnetic moments of magnetic isotopes can explain the most important part of biomagnetic sensitivities in a weak magnetic field comparable to the Earth's magnetic field. The theoretical results mean that magnetic-field dependencies of enzymatic reaction rates in a weak magnetic field that can be independent of HFI constant a, if H << a, and are determined by the rate constant of chemical transformations in the enzyme active site. Both Zeeman and HFI interactions predict strong magnetic-field dependence in weak magnetic fields and magnetic-field independence of enzymatic reaction rate constants in strong magnetic fields. The theoretical results can explain the magnetic sensitivity of E. coli cell and demonstrate that intracellular enzymatic reactions are primary magnetoreceptors in living organisms. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:511-521, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Binhi VN, Prato FS. Biological effects of the hypomagnetic field: An analytical review of experiments and theories. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179340. [PMID: 28654641 PMCID: PMC5487043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During interplanetary flights in the near future, a human organism will be exposed to prolonged periods of a hypomagnetic field that is 10,000 times weaker than that of Earth's. Attenuation of the geomagnetic field occurs in buildings with steel walls and in buildings with steel reinforcement. It cannot be ruled out also that a zero magnetic field might be interesting in biomedical studies and therapy. Further research in the area of hypomagnetic field effects, as shown in this article, is capable of shedding light on a fundamental problem in biophysics-the problem of primary magnetoreception. This review contains, currently, the most extensive bibliography on the biological effects of hypomagnetic field. This includes both a review of known experimental results and the putative mechanisms of magnetoreception and their explanatory power with respect to the hypomagnetic field effects. We show that the measured correlations of the HMF effect with HMF magnitude and inhomogeneity and type and duration of exposure are statistically absent. This suggests that there is no general biophysical MF target similar for different organisms. This also suggests that magnetoreception is not necessarily associated with evolutionary developed specific magnetoreceptors in migrating animals and magnetotactic bacteria. Independently, there is nonspecific magnetoreception that is common for all organisms, manifests itself in very different biological observables as mostly random reactions, and is a result of MF interaction with magnetic moments at a physical level-moments that are present everywhere in macromolecules and proteins and can sometimes transfer the magnetic signal at the level of downstream biochemical events. The corresponding universal mechanism of magnetoreception that has been given further theoretical analysis allows one to determine the parameters of magnetic moments involved in magnetoreception-their gyromagnetic ratio and thermal relaxation time-and so to better understand the nature of MF targets in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Binhi
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Frank S. Prato
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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Buchachenko A, Lawler RG. New Possibilities for Magnetic Control of Chemical and Biochemical Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:877-884. [PMID: 28218831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry is controlled by Coulomb energy; magnetic energy is lower by many orders of magnitude and may be confidently ignored in the energy balance of chemical reactions. The situation becomes less clear, however, when reaction rates are considered. In this case, magnetic perturbations of nearly degenerate energy surface crossings may produce observable, and sometimes even dramatic, effects on reactions rates, product yields, and spectroscopic transitions. A case in point that has been studied for nearly five decades is electron spin-selective chemistry via the intermediacy of radical pairs. Magnetic fields, external (permanent or oscillating) and the internal magnetic fields of magnetic nuclei, have been shown to overcome electron spin selection rules for pairs of reactive paramagnetic intermediates, catalyzing or inhibiting chemical reaction pathways. The accelerating effects of magnetic stimulation may therefore be considered to be magnetic catalysis. This type of catalysis is most commonly observed for reactions of a relatively long-lived radical pair containing two weakly interacting electron spins formed by dissociation of molecules or by electron transfer. The pair may exist in singlet (total electron spin is zero) or triplet (total spin is unity) spin states. In virtually all cases, only the singlet state yields stable reaction products. Magnetic interactions with nuclear spins or applied fields may therefore affect the reactivity of radical pairs by changing the angular momentum of the pairs. Magnetic catalysis, first detected via its effect on spin state populations in nuclear and electron spin resonance, has been shown to function in a great variety of well-characterized reactions of organic free radicals. Considerably less well studied are examples suggesting that the basic mechanism may also explain magnetic effects that stimulate ATP synthesis, eliminating ATP deficiency in cardiac diseases, control cell proliferation, killing cancer cells, and control transcranial magnetic stimulation against cognitive deceases. Magnetic control has also been observed for some processes of importance in materials science and earth and environmental science and may play a role in animal navigation. In this Account, the radical pair mechanism is applied as a consistent explanation for several intriguing new magnetic phenomena. Specific examples include acceleration of solid state reactions of silicon by the magnetic isotope 29Si, enrichment of 17O during thermal decomposition of metal carbonates and magnetic effects on crystal plasticity. In each of these cases, the results are consistent with an initial one-electron transfer to generate a radical pair. Similar processes can account for mass-independent fractionation of isotopes of mercury, sulfur, germanium, tin, iron, and uranium in both naturally occurring samples and laboratory experiments. In the area of biochemistry, catalysis by magnetic isotopes has now been reported in several reactions of DNA and high energy phosphate. Possible medical applications of these observations are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Ronald G. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Box
H, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Magnetic effects in hydroperoxide decomposition in mixed micelles with cationic surfactants. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Letuta UG, Vekker AS, Kornilova TA, Gryaznov AA, Cheplakov IA. Magnetic isotope effect of magnesium (25)Mg on E. coli resistance to antibiotics. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 469:281-3. [PMID: 27599512 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of synergism and antagonism of antibacterial drugs and magnetic isotope of magnesium (25)Mg on antibiotic resistance of bacteria E. coli were discovered. Fourteen antibiotics from seven different groups were tested. The increase in antibiotic resistance in the presence of the ion (25)Mg(2+) was discovered in E. coli cells incubated with quinolones/fluoroquinolones, indicating the inhibiting effect of the magnetic moments of nuclei (25)Mg on DNA synthesis. The change in antibiotic resistance was also detected in bacteria affected by magnesium (25)Mg and certain antibiotics from aminoglycoside and lincosamide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Letuta
- Orenburg State University, pr. Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia.
| | - A S Vekker
- Orenburg State University, pr. Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
| | - T A Kornilova
- Orenburg State University, pr. Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
| | - A A Gryaznov
- Orenburg State University, pr. Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
| | - I A Cheplakov
- Orenburg State University, pr. Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
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Spivak IM, Kuranova ML, Mavropulo-Stolyarenko GR, Surma SV, Shchegolev BF, Stefanov VE. Cell response to extremely weak static magnetic fields. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Novikov VV, Yablokova EV, Fesenko EE. The effect of weak magnetic fields on the chemiluminescence of human blood. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Binhi VN. Primary physical mechanism of the biological effects of weak magnetic fields. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091601005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Letuta UG, Berdinskii VL. Enzymatic mechanisms of biological magnetic sensitivity: nuclear spin effects. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Golovin YI, Gribanovsky SL, Golovin DY, Klyachko NL, Majouga AG, Master АM, Sokolsky M, Kabanov AV. Towards nanomedicines of the future: Remote magneto-mechanical actuation of nanomedicines by alternating magnetic fields. J Control Release 2015; 219:43-60. [PMID: 26407671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the concept of magneto-mechanical actuation of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in super-low and low frequency alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and its possible use for remote control of nanomedicines and drug delivery systems. The applications of this approach for remote actuation of drug release as well as effects on biomacromolecules, biomembranes, subcellular structures and cells are discussed in comparison to conventional strategies employing magnetic hyperthermia in a radio frequency (RF) AMF. Several quantitative models describing interaction of functionalized MNPs with single macromolecules, lipid membranes, and proteins (e.g. cell membrane receptors, ion channels) are presented. The optimal characteristics of the MNPs and an AMF for effective magneto-mechanical actuation of single molecule responses in biological and bio-inspired systems are discussed. Altogether, the described studies and phenomena offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics both alone and in combination with magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Golovin
- Nanocenter, G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117234, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey L Gribanovsky
- Nanocenter, G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Y Golovin
- Nanocenter, G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117234, Russian Federation; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117234, Russian Federation; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy pr., 9, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Аlyssa M Master
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117234, Russian Federation; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Poklonski NA, Ratkevich SV, Vyrko SA. Quantum-Chemical Calculation of Carbododecahedron Formation in Carbon Plasma. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9133-9. [PMID: 26267290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ground state of the molecule consisting of 10 carbon atoms in C10(rg) "ring" conformation and the energy of its metastable C10(st) "star" conformation are reported. The reaction coordinate for the isomeric transition C10(st) → C10(rg) was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) with UB3LYP/6-31G(d,p). It was established that a 5-fold symmetry axis is conserved in this isomeric transition. The total energy of the ring isomer is by 10.33 eV (9.16 eV as zero-point energy corrected) lower than that of the star isomer. The energy barrier for the transition from the metastable star state to the ring state is 2.87 eV (3.57 eV as zero-point energy corrected). An analysis of possible chemical reactions in carbon plasma involving C10(st) and C10(rg) and leading to the formation of C20 fullerenes was performed. It was revealed that the presence of the C10(st) conformation in the reaction medium is a necessary condition for C20 fullerene formation. It was shown that the presence of hydrogen atoms in carbon plasma and UV radiation accelerate the C10(st) → C10(rg) transition and thus suppress the C20 fullerene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A Vyrko
- Physics Department, Belarusian State University , Minsk 220030, Belarus
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35
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Novikov VV, Yablokova EV, Fesenko EE. The action of combined magnetic fields with a very weak low-frequency alternating component on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in mammalian blood. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:303. [PMID: 26136672 PMCID: PMC4468834 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Stefanov VE, Shchegolev BF, Kriyachko OV, Kuzmenko NV, Surma SV, Spivak IM. Model study of biological effects of weak static magnetic fields at the organismic and subcellular levels. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2015; 461:116-9. [PMID: 25937336 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496615020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V E Stefanov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197183, Russia,
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38
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Walters ZB. Quantum dynamics of the avian compass. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042710. [PMID: 25375526 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of migratory birds to orient relative to the Earth's magnetic field is believed to involve a coherent superposition of two spin states of a radical electron pair. However, the mechanism by which this coherence can be maintained in the face of strong interactions with the cellular environment has remained unclear. This paper addresses the problem of decoherence between two electron spins due to hyperfine interaction with a bath of spin-1/2 nuclei. Dynamics of the radical pair density matrix are derived and shown to yield a simple mechanism for sensing magnetic field orientation. Rates of dephasing and decoherence are calculated ab initio and found to yield millisecond coherence times, consistent with behavioral experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Walters
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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