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Azzam W, Subaihi A, Rohwerder M, Bashir A, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Odd-even effects in aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs: nonsymmetrical attachment of aryl unit and its impact on the SAM structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7563-7572. [PMID: 38362712 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Aryl-substituted alkanethiolate (AT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) exhibit typically so-called odd-even effects, viz. systematic variations in the film structure, packing density, and molecular inclination depending on the parity of the number of the methylene units in the alkyl linker, n. As an exception to this rule, ATs carrying an anthracen-2-yl group (Ant-n) as tail group were reported to have different behavior due the non-symmetric attachment of the anthracene unit to the AT linker, providing additional degree of freedom for the molecular organization and allowing for partial compensation of the odd-even effects. In this context, the structure of SAMs formed by adsorption of anthracene-substituted ATs (Ant-n; n = 1-6) at room temperature on Au(111) substrate was investigated by high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Most of these SAMs exhibit a coexistence of two different ordered phases, some of which are common for either n = odd or n = even while other vary over the series, showing a broad variety of different structures. The average packing density of the Ant-n SAMs, derived from the analysis of the STM data, varies by 7.5-10% depending on the parity of n, being, as expected, higher for n = odd. The respective extent of the odd-even effects is noticeably lower than that usually observed for other aryl-substituted monolayers (∼25%), which goes in line with the previous findings and emphasizes the impact of the non-symmetric attachment of the aromatic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila-66110, Jordan.
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109 Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH, Thyssenkrupp Allee 1, 45143 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zaborin EA, Borshchev OV, Skorotetskii MS, Gorodov VV, Bakirov AV, Polinskaya MS, Chvalun SN, Ponomarenko SA. Synthesis and Thermal and Phase Behavior of Polysiloxanes with Grafted Dialkyl-Substituted [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene Groups. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Azzam W, Subaihi A, Rohwerder M, Zharnikov M, Bashir A. Polymorphism and Building-Block-Resolved STM Imaging of Self-Assembled Monolayers of 4-Fluorobenzenemethanethiol on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200347. [PMID: 35856831 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-fluorobenzenemethanethiol (p-FBMT) on Au(111), prepared by immersion procedure (1 mM ethanolic solution; 60 °C; 18 h), were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The data suggest the formation of highly ordered monolayer with a commensurate structure, described by the 2 3 × 13 R 13 ∘ unit cell. The STM appearance of this cell occurs, however, in two different forms, with either well-localized individual spots or splitting of these spots in two components. These components are assigned to the tunneling through the entire molecule or sulfur docking group only. The respective spots correspond then to the terminal fluorine atom and sulfur docking group, manifesting, thus, building-block-resolving STM imaging. The accessibility of the docking group for direct tunneling is most likely related to a specific molecular organization for one of the two possible internal structures of the unit cell. The above results represent a showcase for potential of STM for imaging of upright-arranged and densely packed molecular assemblies, such as SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila, 66110, Jordan.,Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109, Makkah, Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109, Makkah, Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH, Herner Str. 299, 44809, Bochum, Germany
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Trul AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Gas Sensors Based on Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers as Promising Sensitive Elements for Toxic Gases Monitoring in the Atmosphere. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Das S, Nascimbeni G, de la Morena RO, Ishiwari F, Shoji Y, Fukushima T, Buck M, Zojer E, Zharnikov M. Porous Honeycomb Self-Assembled Monolayers: Tripodal Adsorption and Hidden Chirality of Carboxylate Anchored Triptycenes on Ag. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11168-11179. [PMID: 34125529 PMCID: PMC8320238 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with tripodal anchoring to substrates represent a versatile platform for the fabrication of robust self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), complementing the conventional monopodal approach. In this context, we studied the adsorption of 1,8,13-tricarboxytriptycene (Trip-CA) on Ag(111), mimicked by a bilayer of silver atoms underpotentially deposited on Au. While tripodal SAMs frequently suffer from poor structural quality and inhomogeneous bonding configurations, the triptycene scaffold featuring three carboxylic acid anchoring groups yields highly crystalline SAM structures. A pronounced polymorphism is observed, with the formation of distinctly different structures depending on preparation conditions. Besides hexagonal molecular arrangements, the occurrence of a honeycomb structure is particularly intriguing as such an open structure is unusual for SAMs consisting of upright-standing molecules. Advanced spectroscopic tools reveal an equivalent bonding of all carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Notably, density functional theory calculations predict a chiral arrangement of the molecules in the honeycomb network, which, surprisingly, is not apparent in experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. This seeming discrepancy between theory and experiment can be resolved by considering the details of the actual electronic structure of the adsorbate layer. The presented results represent an exemplary showcase for the intricacy of interpreting STM images of complex molecular films. They are also further evidence for the potential of triptycenes as basic building blocks for generating well-defined layers with unusual structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Das
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang X, Ismael A, Almutlg A, Alshammari M, Al-Jobory A, Alshehab A, Bennett TLR, Wilkinson LA, Cohen LF, Long NJ, Robinson BJ, Lambert C. Optimised power harvesting by controlling the pressure applied to molecular junctions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5230-5235. [PMID: 34163759 PMCID: PMC8179551 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major potential advantage of creating thermoelectric devices using self-assembled molecular layers is their mechanical flexibility. Previous reports have discussed the advantage of this flexibility from the perspective of facile skin attachment and the ability to avoid mechanical deformation. In this work, we demonstrate that the thermoelectric properties of such molecular devices can be controlled by taking advantage of their mechanical flexibility. The thermoelectric properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) fabricated from thiol terminated molecules were measured with a modified AFM system, and the conformation of the SAMs was controlled by regulating the loading force between the organic thin film and the probe, which changes the tilt angle at the metal-molecule interface. We tracked the thermopower shift vs. the tilt angle of the SAM and showed that changes in both the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient combine to optimize the power factor at a specific angle. This optimization of thermoelectric performance via applied pressure is confirmed through the use of theoretical calculations and is expected to be a general method for optimising the power factor of SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintai Wang
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | - Ahmad Almutlg
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | | | - Alaa Al-Jobory
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar Anbar Iraq
| | | | - Troy L R Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH White City London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Luke A Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH White City London W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Lesley F Cohen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH White City London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Colin Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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Shaposhnik PA, Zapunidi SA, Shestakov MV, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given.
The bibliography includes 132 references.
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Azzam W, Al-Rashdi A, Subaihi A, Rohwerder M, Zharnikov M, Bashir A. Annealing effect for self-assembled monolayers formed from terphenylethanethiol on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13580-13591. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02374d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formation of several different structural phases and desorption took place from a standing-up phase at an annealing temperature of 473 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Azzam
- Department of Chemistry
- Tafila Technical University
- Tafila 66110
- Jordan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Awad Al-Rashdi
- Department of Chemistry
- University College in Al-Qunfudah
- Umm Al-Qura University
- 1109 Makkah Al-Mukarramah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry
- University College in Al-Qunfudah
- Umm Al-Qura University
- 1109 Makkah Al-Mukarramah
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH
- 44809 Bochum
- Germany
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Asyuda A, Wan X, Zharnikov M. Binary aromatic self-assembled monolayers: electrostatic properties and charge tunneling rates across the molecular framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10957-10967. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mixing of non- and fluorine-substituted mercaptobiphenyls in binary monolayers not only leads to work function variation but also electrostatic effects in photoemission and tunable charge tunneling rates across the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andika Asyuda
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- Im Neuenheimer Feld 253
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Xianglong Wan
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- Im Neuenheimer Feld 253
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- Im Neuenheimer Feld 253
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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Sizov AS, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Self-assembled interface monolayers for organic and hybrid electronics. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tokarev SD, Sotnikova YA, Anisimov AV, Fedorov YV, Jonusauskas G, Lypenko DA, Malov VV, Tameev AR, Mal’tsev EI, Fedorova OA. Donor–acceptor (E)-2-[2-(2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)vinyl]benzo[d]thiazole: synthesis, optical, electrochemical studies and charge transport characteristics. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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One-dimensional substructure of cyanine dye J-aggregate monolayers resulting from non-classical multistage crystallization. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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