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Hassan MI, Khalifah AM, El Sabry MI, Mohamed AE, Hassan SS. Performance traits and selected blood constituents of broiler chicks as influenced by early access to feed post-hatch. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2855-2862. [PMID: 36169056 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of early access to feed and water post-hatch on broiler chicks' performance. One hundred and twenty chicks were transferred from the hatchery to the rearing house and randomly divided into two groups. The first group: chicks were immediately access to feed and water (F-time 0). The second group: was held without feed and water for 24 h (F-time 24). Then, feed and water were provided ad-libitum, for both groups until 35 days of age. Results indicated that F-time 0 increased body weight and body weight gain throughout the experimental period. It increased feed intake during all experimental periods except from (22-28 days). Additionally, the F-time 0 enhanced the European production efficiency factor index. The F-time 24, increased red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (HGB), and packed cell volume (PCV) percentage after 24 h. However, the F-time 0 had a higher RBCs count, HGB, and PCV at 35 days of age. F-time 24 increased total plasma protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides, after 24 h. In conclusion, early access to feed and water post-hatch enhances broiler chicks' performance and productivity and increases producers' revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Hassan
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Khalifah
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I El Sabry
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E Mohamed
- Soil and Water Technologies Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saber S Hassan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Effect of early feeding of L-arginine and L-threonine on hatchability and post-hatch performance of broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:380. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Exploring the Potential of Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. (Resurrection Tree) as a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Animal Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151973. [PMID: 35953961 PMCID: PMC9367323 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The unregulated use of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters has received widespread condemnation due to an increase in cases of antibiotic-resistant microbes. This has fueled an ever-growing demand for new sources of natural and safe alternative products with minimal impacts on the environment and human health in animal production. Myrothamnus flabellifolius, as a phytogenic feed additive, fits this description, as it is a natural plant containing high amounts of secondary metabolites necessary for cell function, regulation, and protection for improved animal growth, performance, and health. With some limitations towards its use, several processing and combination strategies are available to unlock nutrients and explore its potential in animal production, as described in this review. Abstract Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Welw.) is used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of depression and mental disorder, asthma, infectious diseases, respiratory, inflammation, epilepsy, heart, wound, backaches, diabetes, kidney ailments, hypertension, hemorrhoids, gingivitis, shingles, stroke, and skins conditions. The effectiveness of M. flabellifolius is due to the presence of several secondary metabolites that have demonstrated efficacy in other cell and animal models. These metabolites are key in cell regulation and function and have potential use in animal production due to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, for an improvement in growth performance, feed quality and palatability, gut microbial environment, function, and animal health. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed account on the potential use of M. flabellifolius in animal nutrition. Limitations towards the use of this plant in animal nutrition, including toxicity, economic, and financial issues are discussed. Finally, novel strategies and technologies, e.g., microencapsulation, microbial fermentation, and essential oil extraction, used to unlock and improve nutrient bioaccessibility and bioavailability are clearly discussed towards the potential use of M. flabellifolius as a phytogenic additive in animal diets.
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Arain MA, Nabi F, Marghazani IB, Hassan FU, Soomro H, Kalhoro H, Soomro F, Buzdar JA. In ovo delivery of nutraceuticals improves health status and production performance of poultry birds: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Fazul Nabi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Illahi Bakhash Marghazani
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Faiz ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hidayatullah Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Poultry Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science Sakrand, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Hameeda Kalhoro
- Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, Sindh University Jamshoro, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feroza Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Buzdar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
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Nutrition and Digestive Physiology of the Broiler Chick: State of the Art and Outlook. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102795. [PMID: 34679817 PMCID: PMC8532940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The first week after hatch is the most challenging period in the life of broilers. The digestive tract of the newly hatched chick is immature and must undergo dramatic changes before it can efficiently digest and absorb nutrients. The gut is the vital organ where nutrient digestion and absorption take place. Ontogenic changes that accompany improved digestion and absorption include increased secretion of digestive enzymes, increase in the gut absorptive surface area, and enhanced nutrient transporters. The obvious limiting factors are the secretion and activities of digestive enzymes, and the surface area for absorption. These limitations are overcome as the birds grow older, with concurrent improvements in nutrient utilization. In addition, substantial changes also take place in the physical and functional development of the immune system and intestinal microbial ecology. However, the focus of the current review was on nutrition-related challenges and nutritional approaches to assist the chick during this highly demanding period. Abstract Because the intestine is the primary nutrient supply organ, early development of digestive function in newly hatched chick will enable it to better utilize nutrients, grow efficiently, and achieve the genetic potential of contemporary broilers. Published data on the growth and digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal poultry were reviewed. Several potential strategies to improve digestive tract growth and function in newly hatched chick are available and the options include breeder nutrition, in ovo feeding, early access to feed and water, special pre-starter diets, judicious use of feed additives, and early programming.
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Wang JS, Hu HJ, Xu YB, Wang DC, Jiang L, Li KX, Wang YY, Zhan XA. Effects of posthatch feed deprivation on residual yolk absorption, macronutrients synthesis, and organ development in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5587-5597. [PMID: 33142476 PMCID: PMC7647868 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate the dynamic changes of early posthatch starvation on residual yolk absorption, synthesis of macronutrients (protein, lipid, and glycogen), and organ development in broiler chicks. A total of 720 1-day-old chicks (Lingnan Yellow) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: group A (nonfasted), group B (fasting for 24 h after placement), and group C (fasting for 48 h after placement). The trial lasted for 168 h, and water was provided ad libitum all the time. Sampling was performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h. Nonfasting (group A) promoted (P < 0.05) the absorption of amino acids, fatty acids, mineral elements, protein, and maternal antibody in the residual yolk of broiler chicks. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 in plasma and the liver was higher (P < 0.05) in group A. Nonfasting enhanced (P < 0.05) the synthesis of protein and glycogen in the breast muscle and liver; the relative weights of the liver, pancreas, and spleen; and body weight, but retarded (P < 0.05) the synthesis of triglyceride in the liver. The results indicated that nonfasting (group A) after placement promoted the absorption of residual yolk and synthesis of protein and glycogen in the breast muscle and liver, whereas early feed deprivation promoted the synthesis of lipid in the liver. Thereby, nonfasting after placement promoted organ development and body growth of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H J Hu
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc., Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Y B Xu
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D C Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L Jiang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K X Li
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhu MK, Zhang XY, Dong XY, Zou XT. Effects of in ovo feeding of L-lysine on hatchability, hatching time, and early post-hatch development in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)1. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5533-5540. [PMID: 31287887 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-lysine (Lys) on hatchability and development in pigeon neonates. At day 13 of incubation, fertile eggs were injected with 200 μL of sterilized saline (0.75%, SC group), 1% Conc. Lys solution (Lys group, 2.11 mg Lys dissolved in 200 μL of sterilized saline), with controls not injected (NC group). The results showed that IOF of Lys decreased the hatchability (P < 0.05) compared with other groups, whereas the hatching time was not affected among groups. On day 14 of post-hatch (D14), the body weight (BW) of squabs received Lys IOF was increased relative to the NC group (P < 0.05). Squabs in Lys group exhibited higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) than other groups from D14 to day of hatch (DOH). Meanwhile, IOF of Lys increased the brain relative weight on DOH (P < 0.05), and organ index of heart, legs, and gizzard on day 7 of post-hatch (D7) compared with other groups. In addition, the length index of duodenum, jejunum, or ileum had no difference between groups, as well as the weight index except the weight index of duodenum in Lys group was higher than that of SC group on DOH. However, squabs received Lys IOF showed lower villus height, crypt depth, and villus surface area of jejunum than NC group (P < 0.05) on DOH, and lower crypt depth than NC and SC groups on D7. The situation was improved by D14, although there was no significant difference in morphometric trait of jejunum between Lys group and NC group, squabs received Lys IOF showed higher villus height, crypt depth, and villus surface area of jejunum than NC group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that IOF of Lys has negative effects on hatchability and development of early post-hatch squabs, but the situation will be improved with the growth of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Zhu
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Y Dong
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X T Zou
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mohamed Gh H, El Sayed L S, El Sayed M R, Azzam M. Productive Performance and Histological Evaluation of Delayed Post Hatch Feed Access Broilers Fed Threonine Supplemented Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.136.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Jong IC, van Riel J, Bracke MBM, van den Brand H. A 'meta-analysis' of effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation on development, performance and welfare of chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189350. [PMID: 29236747 PMCID: PMC5728577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 'meta-analysis' was performed to determine effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation (PHFWD) on chicken development, performance and welfare (including health). Two types of meta-analysis were performed on peer-reviewed scientific publications: a quantitative 'meta-analysis' (MA) and a qualitative analysis (QA). Previously reported effects of PHFWD were quantified in the MA, for variables related to performance, mortality and relative yolk sac weight. The QA counted the number of studies reporting (non-)significant effects when five or more records were available in the data set (i.e. relative heart, liver and pancreas weight; plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations; relative duodenum, jejunum and ileum weight; duodenum, jejunum and ileum length; and villus height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and ileum). MA results indicated that 24 hours of PHFWD (i.e. ≥12-36 hours) or more resulted in significantly lower body weights compared to early-fed chickens up to six weeks of age. Body weights and food intake were more reduced as durations of PHFWD (24, 48, 72, ≥84 hours) increased. Feed conversion rate increased in chickens up to 21 and 42 days of age after ≥84 hours PHFWD in comparison with chickens fed earlier. Total mortality at day 42 was higher in chickens after 48 hours PHFWD compared to early fed chickens or chickens after 24 hours PHFWD. First week mortality was higher in chickens after ≥84 hours PHFWD than in early fed chickens. The MA for relative yolk sac weight was inconclusive for PHFWD. The QA for plasma T3, T4 and glucose concentrations indicated mainly short-term decreases in T3 and glucose in PHFWD chickens compared to early fed chickens, and no effects of PHFWD on T4 concentrations. Relative weights of liver, pancreas and heart were lower after PHFWD, but only in the first week of life. A retarded development of gut segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was found in the first week of life, measured as shorter, lower relative weight, and lower villus height and crypt depth. It is concluded that 48 hours (≥36-60 hours) PHFWD leads to lower body weights and higher total mortality in chickens up to six weeks of age, the latter suggesting compromised chicken welfare, but effects of PHFWD on organ development and physiological status appear to be mainly short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C. de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan van Riel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc B. M. Bracke
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group,Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Barekatain MR, Swick RA. Composition of more specialised pre-starter and starter diets for young broiler chickens: a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The broiler industry has experienced remarkable improvements in productivity owing to high priority placed on genetic programming, nutrition and management practices. Nutrition of the meat chicken is driven by the need to satisfy the constantly increasing genetic potential, resulting in the shortening of the rearing time required to get the bird to market weight. The concept of feeding broilers a more specialised pre-starter diet for the first 10–14 days of age is gaining interest, as this now accounts for more than 20% of the time for grow-out. Specialised diets may be formulated to be highly digestible or aim to provide specific nutrients at a higher level to meet nutritional requirements of the bird. The effectiveness of specifically formulated pre-starter or starter diets depends on potential carryover effect to increase the bird performance up to the market age. There is evidence that some nutrient requirements of birds, digestible amino acids in particular, in the first 10 days of life may be higher than the current industry recommendation. Among cereals, rice with its lower non-starch polysaccharide content may be a better cereal for pre-starter diets than are corn or wheat. Inclusion of fibrous ingredients in low-fibre diets of young broilers may also stimulate gut development and enhance nutrient utilisation, leading to improved bird performance. There are inconsistencies in responses to various feed additives tested specifically for pre-starter diets of broilers. Finally, with an increasing demand for removal of antibiotic growth promoters from all broiler feeds, focus on formulations to ensure sustainable growth at start will gain importance.
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Effect of in ovo injection of threonine on Mucin2 gene expression and digestive enzyme activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:257-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kadam MM, Barekatain MR, Bhanja SK, Iji PA. Prospects of in ovo feeding and nutrient supplementation for poultry: the science and commercial applications--a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3654-3661. [PMID: 23847062 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In ovo supplementation of poultry embryos was first reported several decades ago, but it is only recently that concerted research has been directed at developing the technology for this process to be routinely used by the poultry industry. Although the technology of in ovo feeding was patented more than 10 years ago, it has not been widely adopted by the poultry industry. This review examines the early development of the enteric system of the poultry embryo; defines and distinguishes between in ovo feeding and in ovo nutrient administration; highlights the importance of early feeding of the chick; and discusses the development of in ovo feeding technology and its effects on hatchability, growth, gut health and immune response of chicks. The range of possible nutrients that can be administered is also explored. The limitations associated with embryo development and nutrient metabolism are highlighted, leading to the prediction of the future role of in ovo feeding in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund M Kadam
- Department of Poultry Science, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Science University, Nagpur, 440 006, India; School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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