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Barczyk L, Kuntu-Blankson K, Calanca P, Six J, Ammann C. N 2O emission factors for cattle urine: effect of patch characteristics and environmental drivers. NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 2023; 127:173-189. [PMID: 37846228 PMCID: PMC10576711 DOI: 10.1007/s10705-023-10290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Urine patches from grazing cattle are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The default IPCC emission factor for urine patches (EFurine) is 0.77% for wet climates and 0.32% for dry climates. However, literature reports a considerable range of cattle urine EF values and urine characteristics used in experimental studies, revealing contrary results on the effects of urine patch characteristics and seasonal pattern. Therefore, we examined N2O emissions and corresponding EFurine values in relation to urine patch characteristics (urine N concentration, urine volume, patch area, urine composition) and environmental drivers (precipitation, water filled pore space, soil temperature). Ten artificial urine application experiments were performed from July 2020 to June 2022 on a pasture located in Eastern Switzerland. Urine N concentration, patch area, volume and urine N composition showed no significant effects on the EFurine value (p > 0.05). EFurine varied, however, strongly over time (0.17-2.05%). A large part of the variation could be predicted either by cumulative precipitation 20 days after urine application using a second order polynomial model (Adj. R2 = 0.60) or average WFPS 30 days after urine application using a linear model (Adj. R2 = 0.45). The derived precipitation model was used to simulate EFurine weekly over the last 20 years showing no significant differences between the seasons of a year. The resulting overall average EFurine was 0.67%. More field studies are needed across sites/regions differing in climate and soil properties to implement a country-specific EF3 for Switzerland and to improve the quantification of N2O emissions at the national scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barczyk
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope Research Station, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kate Kuntu-Blankson
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope Research Station, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierluigi Calanca
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope Research Station, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Ammann
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope Research Station, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
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Siniscalchi D, Cardoso ADS, Corrêa DCDC, Ferreira MR, Andrade MEB, da Cruz LHG, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effects of condensed tannins on greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen dynamics from urine-treated grassland soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85026-85035. [PMID: 35789460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins are a potentially important treatment option to mitigate N2O (nitrous oxide) and affect carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions; however, their effect has been poorly assessed. Here, we quantified the emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2, soil N mineralization, and nitrification with increasing doses of condensed tannins added to the urine of cattle raised on pasture. The experiment consisted of incubation with doses of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of condensed tannins added directly to the collected urine. The experimental design was completely randomized. Greenhouse gas fluxes were quantified for four weeks using static chambers and gas chromatography. The addition of condensed tannins increased N2O emissions (P < 0.05), with total emissions averaging 95.84 mg N-N2O kg-1, 265.30 mg N-N2O kg-1, and 199.32 mg N-N2O kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Methane emissions were reduced with the addition of tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 8.84 g CH4 kg-1, 1.87 g CH4 kg-1, and 3.34 g CH4 kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Soil respiration increased with the addition of condensed tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 3.80 g CO2 kg-1, 6.93 g CO2 kg-1, and 5.87 g CO2 kg-1 in dry soil, in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. The addition of condensed tannins reduced N mineralization and nitrification. We found evidence that the use of condensed tannins might not be a suitable option to mitigate N2O emissions. However, soil CH4 emissions can be abated. The increases in soil respiration suggest that tannins affect soil microorganisms, and the effects on CH4 and N2O could be related to the variation in the soil microbiome, which requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Siniscalchi
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Abmael da Silva Cardoso
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Hybner Gomes da Cruz
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Lombardi B, Loaiza S, Trujillo C, Arevalo A, Vázquez E, Arango J, Chirinda N. Greenhouse gas emissions from cattle dung depositions in two Urochloa forage fields with contrasting biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity. GEODERMA 2022; 406:115516. [PMID: 35039687 PMCID: PMC8609157 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grazing-based production systems are a source of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions triggered by excreta depositions. The adoption of Urochloa forages (formerly known as Brachiaria) with biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity is a promising alternative to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from excreta patches. However, how this forage affects methane (CH4) or carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from excreta patches remains unclear. This study investigated the potential effect of soils under two Urochloa forages with contrasting BNI capacity on GHG emissions from cattle dung deposits. Additionally, the N2O and CH4 emission factors (EF) for cattle dung under tropical conditions were determined. Dung from cattle grazing star grass (without BNI) was deposited on both forage plots: Urochloa hybrid cv. Mulato and Urochloa humidicola cv. Tully, with a respectively low and high BNI capacity. Two trials were conducted for GHG monitoring using the static chamber technique. Soil and dung properties and GHG emissions were monitored in trial 1. In trial 2, water was added to simulate rainfall and evaluate GHG emissions under wetter conditions. Our results showed that beneath dung patches, the forage genotype influenced daily CO2 and cumulative CH4 emissions during the driest conditions. However, no significant effect of the forage genotype was found on mitigating N2O emissions from dung. We attribute the absence of a significant BNI effect on N2O emissions to the limited incorporation of dung-N into the soil and rhizosphere where the BNI effect occurs. The average N2O EFs was 0.14%, close to the IPCC 2019 uncertainty range (0.01-0.13% at 95% confidence level). Moreover, CH4 EFs per unit of volatile solid (VS) averaged 0.31 g CH4 kgVS-1, slightly lower than the 0.6 g CH4 kgVS-1 developed by the IPCC. This implies the need to invest in studies to develop more region-specific Tier 2 EFs, including farm-level studies with animals consuming Urochloa forages to consider the complete implications of forage selection on animal excreta based GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banira Lombardi
- CIFICEN (CONICET – UNICEN – CICPBA), IFAS, Tandil, Argentina
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Sandra Loaiza
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Catalina Trujillo
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Ashly Arevalo
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Vázquez
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Soil Biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Ngonidzashe Chirinda
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), AgroBioSciences (AgBS), Agricultural Innovations and Technology Transfer Centre (AITTC), Benguerir, Morocco
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Are CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions from Soil Affected by the Sources and Doses of N in Warm-Season Pasture? ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intensification of pasture production has increased the use of N fertilizers—a practice that can alter soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the soil of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ pastures fertilized with different sources and doses of N. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate GHG fluxes following N fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate at doses of 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1. GHG fluxes were quantified using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography. In both experiments, the sources and doses of N did not significantly affect cumulative GHG emissions, while N fertilization significantly affected cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions compared to the control treatment. The N2O emission factor following fertilization with urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate was lower than the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change standard (0.35%, 0.24%, and 0.21%, respectively, with fractionation fertilization and 1.00%, 0.83%, and 1.03%, respectively, with single fertilization). These findings are important for integrating national inventories and improving GHG estimation in tropical regions.
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Intensification: A Key Strategy to Achieve Great Animal and Environmental Beef Cattle Production Sustainability in Brachiaria Grasslands. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of tropical grassland can be a strategy to increase beef production, but methods for achieving this should maintain or reduce its environmental impact and should not compromise future food-producing capacity. The objective of this review was to discuss the aspects of grassland management, animal supplementation, the environment, and the socioeconomics of grassland intensification. Reducing environmental impact in the form of, for example, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is particularly important in Brazil, which is the second-largest beef producer in the world. Most Brazilian pastures, however, are degraded, representing a considerable opportunity for the mitigation and increase of beef-cattle production, and consequently increasing global protein supply. Moreover, in Brazil, forage production is necessary for seasonal feeding strategies that maintain animal performance during periods of forage scarcity. There are many options to achieve this objective that can be adopted alone or in association. These options include improving grassland management, pasture fertilization, and animal supplementation. Improving grazing management has the potential to mitigate GHG emissions through the reduction of the intensity of CO2 emissions, as well as the preservation of natural areas by reducing the need for expanding pastureland. Limitations to farmers adopting intensification strategies include cultural aspects and the lack of financial resources and technical assistance.
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Cardoso ADS, Quintana BG, Janusckiewicz ER, de Figueiredo Brito L, da Silva Morgado E, Reis RA, Ruggieri AC. How do methane rates vary with soil moisture and compaction, N compound and rate, and dung addition in a tropical soil? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1533-1540. [PMID: 30426206 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture and compaction, and source of N and bovine urine can reduce methane (CH4) rates from agricultural soils. However, the magnitude of the effect is unknown in tropical soil under different conditions, as well as the potential of different urine-N concentration, volume, and sources of N in such an effect. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil conditions (moist, dry, compacted, moist-dung, moist-dung-compacted), N concentration in urine (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 g N L-1), volume of urine (25, 50, 100, and 200 ml kg-1 dry soil), and source of N (ammonium, nitrate, and urea) on CH4 emissions. A tropical Ferralsol soil from marandu-grass pasture was incubated during 106 days and the CH4 concentration determined by gas chromatography. The CH4 rates varied significantly according to the soil conditions when manipulated the urine-N (p < 0.01) and averaged 0.75, - 0.50, 1.14, 6.23, and 8.17 μg C-CH4 m-2 h-1for the moist, dry, compacted, moist-dung, and moist-dung-compacted soil, respectively, and, not responded to the level of N (p = 0.73) averaging 2.57 μg C-CH4 m-2 h-1. When evaluated, the volumes of urine cumulative CH4 averages were - 0.52, - 1.24, - 0.88, 14.48, and 18.56 μg C-CH4 m-2 h-1 for the moist, dry, compacted, moist-dung, and moist-dung-compacted, respectively. Soils were affected by soil treatments (p < 0.001) but not by urine volumes (p = 0.30). The source of N did not influence the CH4 rates (p = 0.1) averaging 0.88, - 1.26, and - 1.19 μg C-CH4 m-2 h-1 respectively, for urea, nitrate, and ammonium. The CH4 fluxes in tropical Ferralsols are controlled by the soil characteristics and dung addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abmael da Silva Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Giovani Quintana
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Estella Rosseto Janusckiewicz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Liziane de Figueiredo Brito
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane da Silva Morgado
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Rua João Naves de Ávila 2121, Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp - Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Mineral salt intake effects on faecal-N concentration and the volume and composition of beef cattle urine. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:171-177. [PMID: 30051199 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mineral salts on water ingestion and urine volume in cattle has been extensively studied. However, recently, this effect has been investigated as a potential mitigator of environmental aspects related to the nitrogen (N) cycle, such as nitrate (NO3-) lixiviation, ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The effect of mineral salts, particularly sodium chloride (NaCl), on urine-N concentration, urine volume, the proportion of N compounds in the urine, and faecal-N concentration has not yet been explored in field conditions with respect to environmental aspects of beef cattle production. The present study investigated the effect of dietary mineral salt rates on these parameters. A Latin square (5 × 5) experimental design was utilised with five concentrations of mineral salts in the diet: 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 g based on dry matter (DM) ingestion (g/kg DM). The nitrogen concentration in the urine and urine volume increased linearly. The total N excreted (g/day) via urine did not vary with increasing mineral salt concentrations. When evaluated, the N compounds of urine (urea-N, allantoin-N, and hippuric acid-N) also reacted to the increased mineral salt concentrations, while creatinine-N did not. Urea-N, allantoin-N, and hippuric acid-N linearly increased their proportions in total N-urine. The N concentration in faeces was not affected by mineral salt concentrations. The urine volume, concentration of N, and proportion of N compounds in the urine affected N2O emissions and NH3 volatilisation. Therefore, mineral salt utilisation may be an option for mitigating N pollution from beef cattle, especially for grasslands in tropical countries.
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Cardoso ADS, Brito LDF, Janusckiewicz ER, Morgado EDS, Barbero RP, Koscheck JFW, Reis RA, Ruggieri AC. Impact of Grazing Intensity and Seasons on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Grassland. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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