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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Harmsen M, Tabak C, Höglund-Isaksson L, Humpenöder F, Purohit P, van Vuuren D. Uncertainty in non-CO 2 greenhouse gas mitigation contributes to ambiguity in global climate policy feasibility. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2949. [PMID: 37268633 PMCID: PMC10238505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its projected crucial role in stringent, future global climate policy, non-CO2 greenhouse gas (NCGG) mitigation remains a large uncertain factor in climate research. A revision of the estimated mitigation potential has implications for the feasibility of global climate policy to reach the Paris Agreement climate goals. Here, we provide a systematic bottom-up estimate of the total uncertainty in NCGG mitigation, by developing 'optimistic', 'default' and 'pessimistic' long-term NCGG marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves, based on a comprehensive literature review of mitigation options. The global 1.5-degree climate target is found to be out of reach under pessimistic MAC assumptions, as is the 2-degree target under high emission assumptions. In a 2-degree scenario, MAC uncertainty translates into a large projected range in relative NCGG reduction (40-58%), carbon budget (±120 Gt CO2) and policy costs (±16%). Partly, the MAC uncertainty signifies a gap that could be bridged by human efforts, but largely it indicates uncertainty in technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Harmsen
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, NL-2594, AV, The Hague, the Netherlands.
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, NL-3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte Tabak
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, NL-2594, AV, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- Pollution Management Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Florian Humpenöder
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, POBox 60 12 03, D-14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pallav Purohit
- Pollution Management Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Detlef van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bezuidenhoutseweg 30, NL-2594, AV, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, NL-3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Almeida AK, Hegarty RS, Cowie A. Meta-analysis quantifying the potential of dietary additives and rumen modifiers for methane mitigation in ruminant production systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1219-1230. [PMID: 34754963 PMCID: PMC8556609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly countries are seeking to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the agricultural industries, and livestock production in particular, as part of their climate change management. While many reviews update progress in mitigation research, a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and performance-consequences of nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants has been lacking. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 refereed papers from recent animal studies (2000–2020) to report effects on CH4 production, CH4 yield and CH4 emission intensity from 8 dietary interventions. The interventions (oils, microalgae, nitrate, ionophores, protozoal control, phytochemicals, essential oils and 3-nitrooxypropanol). Of these, macroalgae and 3-nitrooxypropanol showed greatest efficacy in reducing CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake) at the doses trialled. The confidence intervals derived for the mitigation efficacies could be applied to estimate the potential to reduce national livestock emissions through the implementation of these dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Annette Cowie
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trevenna Rd, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Sainz-Ramírez A, Velarde-Guillén J, Estrada-Flores JG, Arriaga-Jordán CM. Productive, economic, and environmental effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) silage for dairy cows in small-scale systems in central Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:256. [PMID: 33839954 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) are important source of livelihood and socio-economic wellbeing for the rearers in general. The reduction of methane emissions with the inclusion of sunflower seed or seed-meal in rations for dairy cows has been reported in several studies. However, studies pertaining to the use of sunflower silage in dairy cattle feeding are lacking. The present study was conducted to assess the productive, economic, and environmental effects of the inclusion of graded levels of sunflower silage at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% (SFSL) along with maize silage (MZSL) on a dry matter basis. The silage was provided to eight Holstein cows in two 4×4 Latin-squares with 14-day periods. The study encompassed the productive performance of the cows, composition of feeds, besides the feeding costs, and enteric methane emissions estimated. The study indicated that inclusion of SFSL in the diet enhanced (P<0.001) the FCM by 3.5% and milk-fat content. SFSL increased feeding costs, but income/feeding costs ratios did not differ across the treatments. The higher inclusion of SFSL reduced methane emissions/kg of DM intake, / kg of milk, and in energy lost as methane. The inclusion of sunflower silage in feeding strategies for cows may be a viable alternative by increasing their milk yields and milk fat content and reducing methane emissions without affecting the income/feeding costs ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Sainz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - José Velarde-Guillén
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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Molín J, Mendonça FS, Henderson EE, Nyaoke AC, Ramírez GA, Navarro MA, Uzal FA, Asín J. Toxic Wasting Disorders in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:229. [PMID: 33477688 PMCID: PMC7831912 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and parasitic agents have been frequently associated with debilitating and wasting conditions in sheep. The prevalence of these agents has probably undermined the role of toxic causes as contributors to such disorders. In addition, many of these intoxications frequently produce acute clinical disease with specific and characteristic lesions, thus a causal relationship with the toxic substance may be relatively easy to establish. However, persistent exposure to some of these organic or inorganic toxic substances may lead to emaciation, ill-thrift, and poor external aspect. The anti-nutritional factors and alkaloids of several plants, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, among others, have also been associated with emaciation and/or poor general performance in sheep flocks. In this review, some of these disorders are discussed with an emphasis on clinical signs and lesions, relevant diagnostic aspects, and available therapeutic approaches. In most cases, demonstrating a history of exposure should be one of the most relevant aspects of the diagnostic approach, and removing the animals from the toxic source is the cornerstone of the majority of the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Molín
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; (J.M.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Fábio S. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, DMFA/UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil;
| | - Eileen E. Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Akinyi C. Nyaoke
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; (J.M.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Javier Asín
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (E.E.H.); (A.C.N.); (M.A.N.); (F.A.U.)
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