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Addeo NF, Randazzo B, Olivotto I, Messina M, Tulli F, Vozzo S, Attia YA, Mahayri TM, Iannaccone F, Asiry KA, Moniello G, Bovera F. Low inclusion levels of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal in laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Gould, 1837) diet improve the intestinal morphometry, enzymatic activity and caecal short chain fatty acids profile. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:51-59. [PMID: 35753189 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One hundred twenty, 12 weeks old laying Japanese quails (JQ) were equally divided into 4 groups (6 replicates of 5 birds/group). The control group (CON) fed a corn-soybean diet; TML1.4, TML2.8, and TML5.6 groups fed a diet where a Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TML) was included at 1.4, 2.8, and 5.6%, respectively. The trial lasted 54 days. The villi height (VH) and the crypt depth (CD) linearly decreased from the control to the TML5.6 group (P < 0.01) in the duodenum, while an opposite trend was observed for the Ab+ mucous cells count (P < 0.01). The highest VH/CD ratio was found in the TML1.4 group (P < 0.01). In the jejunum a lower VH was observed in the TML1.4 compared to the CON group; the Ab+ mucous cells increased (P < 0.01) according to the increase of the TM inclusion in the diet, while the highest VH/CD ratio (P < 0.01) was recorded in the TML2.8 group. In the duodenum only the L-ANP has been affected by TML (P < 0.001), with a quadratic and linear effect. The L-ANP is affected by the dietary treatment in the jejunum (P < 0.05), where showed a quadratic effect with the highest value in TML2.8. The % of butyric acid is maximized (P < 0.05) with the TML1.4 diet and that of the isobutyrate and valeric acids increased (P < 0.01) from TML1.4 to TML5.6. The use of TML at 1.4% in laying quail diets can be considered as a way to improve the intestinal health of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola F Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maria Messina
- Department of AgriFood, Environment and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Sondrio, 2, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tulli
- Department of AgriFood, Environment and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Sondrio, 2, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Simone Vozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Youssef A Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O., Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tiziana M Mahayri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Iannaccone
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via G. Amendola, 165, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O., Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Giuseppe Moniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
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Secci G, Addeo NF, Rodriguez LFP, Bovera F, Moniello G, Parisi G. In vivo performances, ileal digestibility, and physicochemical characterization of raw and boiled eggs as affected by Tenebrio molitor larvae meal at low inclusion rate in laying quail (Coturnix japonica) diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101487. [PMID: 34731738 PMCID: PMC8571075 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 120, twelve wk old female Japanese quails were divided into 4 groups (6 replicates of 5 birds each). The control group (CON) fed a corn-soybean diet; in the other 3 groups, Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TML) replaced 5, 10, and 20% of the soybean protein (T5, T10, and T20). The laying performance and egg quality were studied for 54 d. The data were processed by a one-way ANOVA; the orthogonal contrast analysis was performed to test the linear, quadratic and cubic effects among the means. The laying rate and egg mass linearly decreased (P < 0.01) as the TML inclusion level in the diet increased. The egg weight and feed conversion ratio linearly increased from the control to T20 diet (P < 0.01) while the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein linearly decreased (P < 0.05). The albumen and yolk weight showed a linear increase (P < 0.01) due to dietary TML inclusion, while the eggshell weight showed the opposite (P < 0.05). The estimated activity of Δ9-desaturase (C16:0), Δ5+Δ6-desaturase on both polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 and n-3 linearly increased (P < 0.05) as affected by dietary TML. The boiled yolk lightness (L*) showed higher values in T5 and T10 groups (quadratic contrast, P < 0.01). The yolk redness index (a*) showed lower values in T5 and T20 than control and T10 groups (cubic contrast, P < 0.01). The albumen L*, a*, and b* indexes showed a significant effect of the quadratic contrast (P < 0.05). In addition, the albumen b* index showed a significant effect of the cubic contrast (P < 0.01). The total lipids showed the highest values (cubic contrast, P < 0.05) in the T10 and T20 groups. The total monounsaturated fatty acids linearly increased (P < 0.05) according to the increase of dietary TML. The best inclusion level of defatted TML meal for laying quails seems to be 1.4% of diet, corresponding to the T5 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
| | - Nicola F Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80137, Italy
| | - Lina F Pulido Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80137, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Moniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
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