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Liu L, Gu YC, Zhang CP. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Transformation of Carbamoyl Fluorides, Fluoroformates, and Their Analogues. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300071. [PMID: 37098875 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues are a class of important compounds and have been evidenced as versatile building blocks for the preparation of useful molecules in organic chemistry. While major achievements were made in the synthesis of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues in the last half of 20th century, an increasing number of reports have focused on using O/S/Se=CF2 species or their equivalents as the fluorocarbonylation reagents for the direct construction of these compounds from the parent heteroatom-nucleophiles in recent years. This review mainly summarizes the advances in the synthesis and typical application of carbamoyl fluorides, fluoroformates, and their analogues by the halide exchanges and fluorocarbonylation reactions since 1980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG426EY, UK
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, Sabbe MK, D’hooge DR. Connecting Gas-Phase Computational Chemistry to Condensed Phase Kinetic Modeling: The State-of-the-Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3027. [PMID: 34577928 PMCID: PMC8467432 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, quantum chemical calculations (QCC) have increased in accuracy, not only providing the ranking of chemical reactivities and energy barriers (e.g., for optimal selectivities) but also delivering more reliable equilibrium and (intrinsic/chemical) rate coefficients. This increased reliability of kinetic parameters is relevant to support the predictive character of kinetic modeling studies that are addressing actual concentration changes during chemical processes, taking into account competitive reactions and mixing heterogeneities. In the present contribution, guidelines are formulated on how to bridge the fields of computational chemistry and chemical kinetics. It is explained how condensed phase systems can be described based on conventional gas phase computational chemistry calculations. Case studies are included on polymerization kinetics, considering free and controlled radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, and polymer degradation. It is also illustrated how QCC can be directly linked to material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Karpus A, Harrisson S, Poli R, Mazières S, Manoury E, Destarac M. Well-Defined P III-Terminated Polymers from Phosphorylated Carbodithioate RAFT Agents. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Karpus
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux/ENSCBP/CNRS UMR 5623, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Mazières
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Manoury
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Kulai I, Saffon-Merceron N, Voitenko Z, Mazières S, Destarac M. Alkyl Triarylstannanecarbodithioates: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Efficiency in RAFT Polymerization. Chemistry 2017; 23:16066-16077. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Kulai
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, CNRS FR 2599; Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Department of Chemistry; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; 12, Lva Tolstoho street 01033 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Stéphane Mazières
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5623; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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Gardiner J, Martinez-Botella I, Tsanaktsidis J, Moad G. Dithiocarbamate RAFT agents with broad applicability – the 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbodithioates. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The RAFT agents offerĐ< 1.1 for MAMs, methyl acrylate (MA),N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and styrene, andĐ< 1.3 for LAMs, vinyl acetate (VAc); versatility and end-group fidelity was proved with synthesis both polyDMA-block-polyMA and polyDMA-block-polyVAc.
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Kulai I, Brusylovets O, Voitenko Z, Harrisson S, Mazières S, Destarac M. RAFT Polymerization with Triphenylstannylcarbodithioates (Sn-RAFT). ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:809-813. [PMID: 35596510 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new range of tin-based reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agents is described and evaluated for the polymerization of acrylamides, methyl acrylate and styrene. These organometallic compounds are highly reactive reversible transfer agents which allow an efficient control of the polymerization of substituted acrylamide monomers, whereas RAFT control for methyl acrylate and styrene polymerization is contaminated by side reactions at prolonged reaction times. 119Sn NMR is shown to be an informative instrument for the monitoring of Sn-RAFT-mediated polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Kulai
- IMRCP,
UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, 118, route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine 01601
| | - Oleksii Brusylovets
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine 01601
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64/13, Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv, Ukraine 01601
| | - Simon Harrisson
- IMRCP,
UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, 118, route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Mazières
- IMRCP,
UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, 118, route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathias Destarac
- IMRCP,
UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, 118, route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
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Hill MR, Carmean RN, Sumerlin BS. Expanding the Scope of RAFT Polymerization: Recent Advances and New Horizons. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Hill
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - R. Nicholas Carmean
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Keddie DJ. A guide to the synthesis of block copolymers using reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:496-505. [PMID: 24129793 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has provided an avenue for the synthesis of a vast array of polymers with a rich variety of functionality and architecture. The preparation of block copolymers has received significant focus in this burgeoning research field, due to their diverse properties and potential in a wide range of research environments. This tutorial review will address the important concepts behind the design and synthesis of block copolymers using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT polymerization is arguably the most versatile of the RDRP methods due to its compatibility with a wide range of functional monomers and reaction media along with its relative ease of use. With an ever increasing array of researchers that possess a variety of backgrounds now turning to RDRP, and RAFT in particular, to prepare their required polymeric materials, it is pertinent to discuss the important points which enable the preparation of high purity functional block copolymers with targeted molar mass and narrow molar mass distribution using RAFT polymerization. The key principles of appropriate RAFT agent selection, the order of monomer addition in block synthesis and potential issues with maintaining high end-group fidelity are addressed. Additionally, techniques which allow block copolymers to be accessed using a combination of RAFT polymerization and complementary techniques are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Keddie
- Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Fundamentals of RAFT Polymerization. FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROLLED/LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737425-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter sets out to describe the fundamental aspects of radical polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization). Following a description of the mechanism we describe aspects of the kinetics of RAFT polymerization, how to select a RAFT agent to achieve optimal control over polymer molecular weight, composition and architecture, and how to avoid side reactions which might lead to retardation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview Ave, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Ezio Rizzardo
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview Ave, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview Ave, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
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Gryn'ova G, Guliashvili T, Matyjaszewski K, Coote ML. Computational Evaluation of the Sulfonyl Radical as a Universal Leaving Group for RAFT Polymerisation. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the performance of the sulfonyl radical, i.e. •SO2Ph, as a universal leaving group in reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The sulfonyl radical is widely used as a radical initiator and has already been proved successful as a leaving group in an atom-transfer radical polymerisation. Our results, obtained using high-level ab initio computational methodology under relevant experimental conditions, indicate superior performance of the sulfonyl compared with a reference cyanoisopropyl group in controlling RAFT of a wide range of monomers. Importantly, the presence of sulfonyl chain ends in the polymers so formed opens attractive possibilities for further functionalisation. Potential synthetic routes to the R-sulfonyl RAFT agents are discussed.
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Dayter LA, Murphy KA, Shipp DA. RAFT Polymerization of Monomers with Highly Disparate Reactivities: Use of a Single RAFT Agent and the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-block-vinyl acetate). Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A single reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, malonate N,N-diphenyldithiocarbamate (MDP-DTC) is shown to successfully mediate the polymerization of several monomers with greatly differing reactivities in radical/RAFT polymerizations, including both vinyl acetate and styrene. The chain transfer constants (Ctr) for MDP-DTC for both these monomers were evaluated; these were found to be ~2.7 in styrene and ~26 in vinyl acetate, indicating moderate control over styrene polymerization and good control of vinyl acetate polymerization. In particular, the MDP-DTC RAFT agent allowed for the synthesis of block copolymers of these two monomers without the need for protonation/deprotonation switching, as has been previously developed with N-(4-pyridinyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamate RAFT agents, or other end-group transformations. The thermal properties of the block copolymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, and those with sufficiently high molecular weight and styrene composition appear to undergo phase separation. Thus, MDP-DTC may be useful for the production of other block copolymers consisting of monomers with highly dissimilar reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Keddie
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ezio Rizzardo
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Destarac M. On the Critical Role of RAFT Agent Design in Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. POLYM REV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2011.568130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. The use of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:237-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.548381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Girard E, Tassaing T, Marty JD, Destarac M. Influence of macromolecular characteristics of RAFT/MADIX poly(vinyl acetate)-based (co)polymers on their solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nebhani L, Sinnwell S, Lin CY, Coote ML, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Strongly electron deficient sulfonyldithioformate based RAFT agents for hetero Diels-Alder conjugation: Computational design and experimental evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stenzel MH. Hairy Core-Shell Nanoparticles via RAFT: Where are the Opportunities and Where are the Problems and Challenges? Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1603-24. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Benaglia M, Chiefari J, Chong YK, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Universal (switchable) RAFT agents. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6914-5. [PMID: 19402660 DOI: 10.1021/ja901955n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization of most monomers that are polymerizable by radical polymerization can be controlled by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. However, it is usually required that the RAFT agent be selected according to the types of monomer being polymerized. Thus, RAFT agents (dithioesters, trithiocarbonates) suitable for controlling polymerization of "more activated" monomers (MAMs; e.g., styrene, acrylates, methacrylates, etc.) tend to inhibit polymerization of "less activated" monomers (LAMs; e.g., vinyl acetate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, etc.). Similarly RAFT agents suitable for polymerizations of LAMs (xanthates, certain dithiocarbamates) tend to give little or poor control over polymerizations of MAMs. We now report a new class of "switchable" RAFT agents, N-(4-pyridinyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamates, that provide excellent control over polymerization of LAMs and, after addition of 1 equiv of a protic or Lewis acid, become effective in controlling polymerization of MAMs, allowing the synthesis of poly(MAM)-block-poly(LAM) with narrow molecular weight distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Benaglia
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379–410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669–692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Barner-Kowollik C, Perrier S. The future of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coote ML, Dickerson AB. The Measurement and Meaning of Intrinsic Radical Stability: Are Chemical Questions just Problems in Applied Mathematics? Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch07339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stenzel MH. RAFT polymerization: an avenue to functional polymeric micelles for drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3486-503. [DOI: 10.1039/b805464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Barner L, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Complex Macromolecular Architectures by Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Lowe AB, McCormick CL. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization and the synthesis of water-soluble (co)polymers under homogeneous conditions in organic and aqueous media. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Hansen NM, Jankova K, Hvilsted S. Fluoropolymer materials and architectures prepared by controlled radical polymerizations. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Legge TM, Slark AT, Perrier S. Thermal stability of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer/macromolecular architecture design by interchange of xanthates chain-transfer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Coote ML, Izgorodina EI, Cavigliasso GE, Roth M, Busch M, Barner-Kowollik C. Addition-Fragmentation Kinetics of Fluorodithioformates (F-RAFT) in Styrene, Vinyl Acetate, and Ethylene Polymerization: An Ab Initio Investigation. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060470z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ekaterina I. Izgorodina
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Germán E. Cavigliasso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marion Roth
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Busch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Izgorodina EI, Coote ML. Accurate ab initio prediction of propagation rate coefficients in free-radical polymerization: Acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Coote ML, Krenske EH, Izgorodina EI. Computational Studies of RAFT Polymerization–Mechanistic Insights and Practical Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a first update to the review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of Reversible Addition–Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) published in June 2005. The time since that publication has witnessed an increased rate of publication on the topic with the appearance of well over 200 papers covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging over reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics, and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and diverse applications.
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Quémener D, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH. RAFT and click chemistry: A versatile approach to well-defined block copolymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:5051-3. [PMID: 17146524 DOI: 10.1039/b611224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of reversible chain transfer chemistry with highly orthogonal [2 + 3] cycloadditions ('click chemistry') allows for the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers of monomers with extremely disparate reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Quémener
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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39
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Lewis D. Polymer Special Issue Foreword. Aust J Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/ch05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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