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Kim N, Choi M, Suh SE, Chenoweth DM. Aryne Chemistry: Generation Methods and Reactions Incorporating Multiple Arynes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:11435-11522. [PMID: 39383091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Arynes hold significance for the efficient fusion of (hetero) arenes with diverse substrates, advancing the construction of complex molecular frameworks. Employing multiple equivalents of arynes is particularly effective in the rapid formation of polycyclic cores found in optoelectronic materials and bioactive compounds. However, the inherent reactivity of arynes often leads to side reactions, yielding unanticipated products and underlining the importance of a detailed investigation into the use of multiple arynes to fine-tune their reactivity. This review centers on methodologies and syntheses in organic reactions involving multiple arynes, categorizing based on mechanisms like cycloadditions, σ-bond insertions, nucleophilic additions, and ene reactions, and discusses aryne polymerization. The categorization based on these mechanisms includes two primary approaches: the first entails multiple aryne engagement within a single step while the second approach involves using a single equivalent of aryne sequentially across multiple steps, with both requiring strict reactivity control to ensure precise aryne participation in each respective step. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the selection of aryne precursors, organized chronologically and by activation strategy, offering a comprehensive background that supports the main theme of multiple aryne utilization. The expectation remains that this comprehensive review will be invaluable in designing advanced syntheses engaging multiple arynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Ajou Energy Science Research Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Choi
- Ajou Energy Science Research Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Varandas AJC. From six to eight Π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements and beyond: can planarity be deciphered from the "quasi-molecules" they embed? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8488-8507. [PMID: 35343978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to study the structures of six and eight π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements, and even larger [n]annulenes up to C18H18, including some of their mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-anions. While some of the above rings are planar, others are nonplanar. A much spotlighted case is cyclo-octatetraene (C8H8), which is predicted to be nonplanar together with its heavier group-XIV analogues Si8H8 and Ge8H8, with the solely planar members of its family having the stoichiometric formulas C4Si4H8 and C4Ge4H8. A similar situation arises with the six π-electron bare rings, where benzene and substituted ones up to C3Si3H6 or so are planar, while others are not. However, the explanations encountered in the literature find support in ab initio calculations for such species, often rationalized from distinct calculated features. Using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and, when affordable (particularly tetratomics, which may allow even higher levels), the coupled-cluster method including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations, a common rationale is suggested based on a novel concept of quasi-molecules or the (3+4)-atom partition scheme. Any criticism of tautology is therefore avoided. The same analysis has also been successfully applied to even larger [n]annulenes, to their mixed family members involving silicon and germanium atoms, and to the C18 carbon ring. Furthermore, it has been extended to annulene anions to check the criteria of the popular Hückel rule for planarity and aromaticity. Exploratory work on cycloarenes is also reported. Besides a partial study of the involved potential energy surfaces, equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been calculated anew, for both the parent and the actual prototypes of the quasi-molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 273165 Qufu, China.,Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Esp rito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, and Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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3
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de Moura CEV, Sokolov AY. Simulating X-ray photoelectron spectra with strong electron correlation using multireference algebraic diagrammatic construction theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4769-4784. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new theoretical approach for the simulations of X-ray photoelectron spectra of strongly correlated molecular systems that combines multireference algebraic diagrammatic construction theory (MR-ADC) with a core–valence separation (CVS) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. V. de Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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Pozo I, Peña D, Guitián E, Pérez D. 2,6,10-Triphenylenotriyne: a star-shaped trisaryne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12853-12856. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of an efficient precursor of a triphenylene-based trisaryne synthon is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pozo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782-Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
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5
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Chattopadhyay S. Ab Initio Probing of the Ground State of Tetraradicals: Breakdown of Hund's Multiplicity Rule. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2211-2226. [PMID: 30794415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of organic σ-type polyradical including 2,4,6-tridehydropyridine radical cation (246-TDHP) and three isomers of tetradehydrobenzene (TDHB) have been studied using a computationally robust and cost-effective second-order multireference perturbative model which provides a balanced treatment of nondynamic and dynamic contributions to the electron correlation problem in the ground or excited electronic states which are imperative for predicting structural properties (e.g., ground state multiplicity, energy gaps between high-spin and low-spin states, etc.) of polyradicals. Energy gaps are useful to capture insight into the degree of interaction between the radical sites. An important finding of this study is that the tetraradicals considered here possess singlet ground states, contrary to Hund's rule. Present findings are in close agreement with the available high-level ab initio estimates at attainable cost implying that a perturbative description of the systems is adequate. The impact of N+ on the nature of ground state for the 246-TDHP have also analyzed. The singlet-triplet energy gaps for 1245- and 1234-TDHB are smaller than for o-benzyne mainly due to the ring strain. 1235-TDHB is 14.42 and 11.05 kcal/mol lower in energy than 1245- and 1234-isomers, respectively. IVO-SSMRPT predicts 1A1-3B2 and 1A1-5B2 gaps of 25.84 and 105.15 kcal/mol, respectively for the 246-TDHP cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur , Howrah 711103 , India
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Shi J, Li Y, Li Y. Aryne multifunctionalization with benzdiyne and benztriyne equivalents. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1707-1719. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The applications of benzdiyne and benztriyne equivalents are summarized from the standpoint of synthetic organic chemistry as well as in the preparation of polycyclic aromatic functional frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
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Ikawa T, Masuda S, Takagi A, Akai S. 1,3- and 1,4-Benzdiyne equivalents for regioselective synthesis of polycyclic heterocycles. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5206-5211. [PMID: 30155171 PMCID: PMC6020534 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have devised a novel 1,3-benzdiyne equivalent, capable of quadruple functionalization by sequential benzyne generation and reaction with arynophiles. The key features of this method include the chemoselective generation of two triple bonds in a single benzene ring under fluoride-mediated mild conditions, and the regiocontrol of each benzyne reaction by the substituent next to the triple bond. This method produced various benzo-fused heteroaromatic compounds via reactions with arynophiles, such as furans, azides, and diazo compounds. A validation of the method is given in the convergent synthesis of the antipsychotic drug risperidone. A similar strategy has also been applied to a 1,4-benzdiyne equivalent to construct linearly benzo-fused heteroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
| | - Shigeaki Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
| | - Akira Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan . ;
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Pozo I, Cobas A, Peña D, Guitián E, Pérez D. 1,7-Naphthodiyne: a new platform for the synthesis of novel, sterically congested PAHs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5534-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an efficient precursor of the novel 1,7-naphthodiyne synthon is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pozo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Agustín Cobas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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Cacelli I, Ferretti A, Prampolini G, Barone V. BALOO: A Fast and Versatile Code for Accurate Multireference Variational/Perturbative Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:2024-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ct501071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Cacelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi
3, I-56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica
dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferretti
- Istituto di Chimica
dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica
dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56125 Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Williams PE, Jankiewicz BJ, Yang L, Kenttämaa HI. Properties and reactivity of gaseous distonic radical ions with aryl radical sites. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6949-85. [PMID: 23987564 PMCID: PMC3889672 DOI: 10.1021/cr400121w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| | | | - Linan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University (HIRODAI), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima,
Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787,
Japan
- JST-CREST, 5
Sanbancho,
Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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12
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Alonso JM, Díaz-Álvarez AE, Criado A, Pérez D, Peña D, Guitián E. [16]Cloverphene: a Clover-Shaped cata-Condensed Nanographene with Sixteen Fused Benzene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Alonso JM, Díaz-Álvarez AE, Criado A, Pérez D, Peña D, Guitián E. [16]Cloverphene: a Clover-Shaped cata-Condensed Nanographene with Sixteen Fused Benzene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:173-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The history of o-benzyne from its early beginnings as an unobservable reactive intermediate until its present status as a very well characterized but still theoretically challenging molecule with important applications in synthesis is reviewed. The m- and p-benzynes, tridehydrobenzenes, and benzdiynes are also known, and p-benzyne is a key intermediate in the action of a potent class of ene-diyne anti-tumour compounds.
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Abstract
Although it had been proposed for several decades as the key transient intermediate in a well studied class of organic reaction, measurement and analysis of the gas-phase microwave absorption spectrum of the extremely reactive species o-benzyne represented a tremendous technical challenge. Initial success came after two decades of sustained technical development in the field of transient species microwave spectroscopy. Two decades later, comparably prodigious advances in microwave spectrometer instrumental sensitivity arising from Fourier transform microwave methods and in new chemical generation methods involving pulsed discharge nozzles have enabled a full isotopic substitution study leading to the determination of a precise molecular structure for gas-phase o-benzyne.
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16
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Winkler M, Sander W. Matrix Isolation and Electronic Structure of Di- and Tridehydrobenzenes. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Within the past four decades, matrix isolation spectroscopy has emerged as the method of choice for obtaining direct structural information on benzynes and related dehydroaromatics. In combination with quantum chemical computations, detailed insight into the structure and reactivity of di-, tri-, and tetradehydrobenzenes has been obtained. This Review focuses on rather recent developments in aryne chemistry with a special emphasis on the matrix isolation of tridehydrobenzenes and related systems.
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Abstract
The thermochemical properties of the benzynes have been the subject of investigation for nearly 50 years. This work provides an overview and assessment of all the experimental thermochemical properties that have been reported for the benzynes, or can be derived from reported thermochemical data. These properties include enthalpies of formation and thermochemical values that correspond to formation and dissociation of the benzynes by neutral and ionic processes. Thermochemical values are provided for both the ground-state singlet and the excited-state triplet states of the benzynes. The starting point for all the thermochemical consideration of the benzynes are the enthalpies of formation, which, in this work, are recommend to be 107.3 ± 3.5, 121.9 ± 3.1, and 138.0 ± 1.0 kcal mol–1 for ortho-, meta-, and para-benzyne, respectively (1 kcal mol–1 = 4.184 kJ mol–1). Whereas the paper predominantly focuses on the experimentally determined values, it also provides a comparison with theoretical studies that have examined the absolute thermochemical properties of the benzynes.
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